Review
Sport Sciences
Kenji Doma, Daniel Gahreman, Akhilesh Kumar Ramachandran, Uktarsh Singh, Jonathan Connor
Summary: This study found that leaf plant extracts can reduce exercise-induced muscle damage and improve muscle performance, especially within 24 hours post-exercise. While the effect of leaf plant extracts on antioxidant status remains equivocal, their ingestion as tea beverages may be an effective recovery strategy following strenuous exercises.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Keitaro Minato, Yuki Yoshimoto, Tamaki Kurosawa, Kei Watanabe, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Madoka Ikemoto-Uezumi, Akiyoshi Uezumi
Summary: Skeletal muscles generate force through myofiber contraction, which is transmitted to tendons. Studies on age-related changes in mouse muscles showed an increased dependence on longitudinal force transmission and a decreased efficiency in lateral force transmission in older muscles. There was an increase in connective tissue volume in the old muscles, but no significant change in dystrophin expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
YiNing Dai, Zhi Liu, HuiMin Zhan, GuoLin Zhang, Ping Wang, ShengQing Zhang, XianYuan Chen, JiYan Chen, PengCheng He, Ling Xue, Lan Guo, Ning Tan, YuanHui Liu
Summary: Inspiratory muscle weakness is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients, but does not affect in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Future research could focus on training inspiratory muscles.
ANNALS OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rianne N. M. Hogenbirk, Alain R. Viddeleer, Judith E. K. R. Hentzen, Willemijn Y. van der Plas, Cees P. van der Schans, Geertruida H. de Bock, Schelto Kruijff, Joost M. Klaase
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) could be used as an easy-to-use bedside measurement alternative to evaluate muscle status. The results showed a significant correlation between POCUS-measured muscle thickness and CT-derived skeletal muscle index (SMI), suggesting that handheld ultrasound is a valid tool for assessing skeletal muscle status.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biology
Camila Vesga-Castro, Javier Aldazabal, Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi, Jacobo Paredes
Summary: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in evaluating the contractile force (CF) of engineered muscle tissues, but there are currently no standards available for selecting the most suitable experimental platform, measuring system, culture protocol, or stimulation patterns. Cantilever deflection, post deflection, and force transducers are commonly used configurations for CF assessment, and future studies are recommended to report detailed information on construct size, contractile area, maturity level, sarcomere length, and the tetanus-to-twitch ratio.
Article
Physiology
Everett C. Minchew, Nicholas C. Williamson, Andrew T. Readyoff, Joseph M. McClung, Espen E. Spangenburg
Summary: Assessing contractile function of skeletal muscle in murine models is commonly employed in laboratory research. This study aimed to characterize the functional properties of hindlimb muscles in different mouse strains. The data reveals both unique differences and similarities between the muscles in different genetic backgrounds. Additionally, the strain of the mouse could potentially influence the measured biological outcome and interact with any genetic manipulation or therapeutic intervention. Therefore, careful consideration of the genetic background and documentation of the strain of mouse is critical in experimental design and publication.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Leonit Kiriaev, Ben D. Perry, David A. Mahns, Peter J. Shortland, Asma Redwan, John W. Morley, Stewart I. Head
Summary: The study showed that high dose minocycline treatment can reduce maximal isometric force production in fast-twitch EDL and impair protein synthesis in C2C12 cultured cells. These findings are significant for future research on the efficacy of minocycline treatment in neuromuscular disorders or muscle atrophy conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jeanne du Fay de Lavallaz, Alexandra Prepoudis, Maria Janina Wendebourg, Eva Kesenheimer, Diego Kyburz, Thomas Daikeler, Philip Haaf, Julia Wanschitz, Wolfgang N. Loescher, Bettina Schreiner, Mira Katan, Hans H. Jung, Britta Maurer, Angelika Hammerer-Lercher, Agnes Mayr, Danielle M. Gualandro, Annemarie Acket, Christian Puelacher, Jasper Boeddinghaus, Thomas Nestelberger, Pedro Lopez-Ayala, Noemi Glarner, Samyut Shrestha, Robert Manka, Joanna Gawinecka, Salvatore Piscuoglio, John Gallon, Sophia Wiedemann, Michael Sinnreich, Christian Mueller
Summary: This study aimed to confirm the cardiac specificity of cTnT in patients with various skeletal muscle disorders (SMDs). The results showed that elevations in cTnT concentrations in patients with active chronic SMDs are common and not attributable to cardiac disease, while this phenomenon was not observed for cTnI. The re-expression of cTnT in skeletal muscle may partially explain this.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wujing Ren, Zujie Xu, Shou Pan, Yixuan Ma, Hangzhuo Li, Fangnan Wu, Wenyan Bo, Mengxin Cai, Zhenjun Tian
Summary: Skeletal muscle in patients with heart failure undergoes changes in structure, function, and metabolism. Oxidative stress and cell apoptosis play a role in the development of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). Aerobic exercise (AE) has been shown to prevent skeletal muscle atrophy after MI, but the underlying mechanism and molecular targets are not fully understood. This study investigated the effects of AE on skeletal muscle in a MI model using Fndc5-/- and Alcat1- /- mice. The results showed that AE partially reversed the decreased expression of Irisin and antioxidant capacity, increased ALCAT1 expression, protein degradation, and cell apoptosis induced by MI. Knockout of Fndc5 further aggravated the oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in skeletal muscle, while knockout of Alcat1 reduced them and strengthened the beneficial effects of AE. In vitro experiments on C2C12 cells confirmed that Irisin and AICAR intervention inhibited ALCAT1 expression, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that AE can alleviate oxidative stress and apoptosis in skeletal muscle following MI, partly through up-regulating Irisin and inhibiting ALCAT1 expression.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alessia Geremia, Roberta Sartori, Martina Baraldo, Leonardo Nogara, Valeria Balmaceda, Georgia Ana Dumitras, Stefano Ciciliot, Marco Scalabrin, Hendrik Nolte, Bert Blaauw
Summary: During cancer cachexia, impaired mTORC1 signaling leads to reduced protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle. Conversely, activation of Akt-mTORC1 signaling can completely reverse muscle loss and force reduction, and prevent the increase in protein degradation observed in muscles from tumor-bearing animals. These findings suggest that skeletal muscle maintains its anabolic capacities during cancer cachexia, potentially explaining the beneficial effects of exercise in cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monika Sztretye, Zoltan Singlar, Nyamkhuu Ganbat, Dana Al-Gaadi, Kitti Szabo, Zoltan Marton Kohler, Laszlo Dux, Aniko Keller-Pinter, Laszlo Csernoch, Peter Szentesi
Summary: The remodelling of the extracellular matrix plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. The decreased expression of Syndecan-4 leads to reduced muscle performance and altered calcium homeostasis in mice. These effects are observed at both young and aged stages.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecilia Leijding, Ida Viken, Joseph D. D. Bruton, Daniel C. C. Andersson, Arthur J. J. Cheng, Hakan Westerblad
Summary: During the initial phase of fatigue, tetanic force decreases despite increasing tetanic cytosolic calcium concentration. However, the increase in calcium concentration has positive effects on force in early fatigue.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Zhikai Yang, Liang Sun, Hua Wang
Summary: This study identified ATG5, TOMM20, and MFN2 as differentially expressed genes in myocardial infarction, and demonstrated their potential as accurate predictors of the disease. These findings hold potential application value in clinical practice for disease diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Shane M. Hammer, Eric J. Bruhn, Thomas G. Bissen, Jessica D. Muer, Nicolas Villarraga, Barry A. Borlaug, Thomas P. Olson, Joshua R. Smith
Summary: In this study, it was found that patients with HFpEF demonstrate exaggerated cardiovascular responses, including increased leg muscle vascular resistance and decreased leg muscle blood flow, during activation of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with controls. Moreover, the respiratory muscle blood flow responses normalized to pressure generation during inspiratory resistive breathing were also exaggerated in HFpEF compared with controls.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Xiaolong He, Karan Taneja, Jiun-Shyan Chen, Chung-Hao Lee, John Hodgson, Vadim Malis, Usha Sinha, Shantanu Sinha
Summary: This paper introduces a multiscale modeling framework to investigate the influence of microscale passive muscle components on force output and deformations of skeletal muscle. The study explores the effects of muscle architectural changes due to aging on force output and muscle deformation, and discusses the correlations between different components.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Rachel C. Kelley, Lauren Betancourt, Andrea M. Noriega, Suzanne C. Brinson, Nuria Curbelo-Bermudez, Dongwoo Hahn, Ravi A. Kumar, Eliza Balazic, Derek R. Muscato, Terence E. Ryan, Robbert J. van der Pijl, Shengyi Shen, Coen A. C. Ottenheijm, Leonardo F. Ferreira
Summary: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and is characterized by specific features such as skeletal myopathy. A new rat model of postmenopausal HFpEF was developed and it exhibited cardiovascular and systemic abnormalities similar to the human disease. The study found that the skeletal myopathy of postmenopausal HFpEF involves decreased muscle force, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative imbalance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Sport Sciences
Orlando Laitano, Kevin O. Murray, Lisa R. Leon
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Abderrezak Bouchama, Bisher Abuyassin, Cynthia Lehe, Orlando Laitano, Ollie Jay, Francis G. O'Connor, Lisa R. Leon
Summary: In the past two decades, there has been an increase in heat-related deaths worldwide, including heatstroke, which is characterized by a rapid rise in core body temperature and central nervous system dysfunction. Classic heatstroke occurs from passive exposure to extreme heat, while exertional heatstroke is experienced during strenuous exercise. Both types of heatstroke can be fatal, with mortality rates of 63.2% and 26.5% for classic and exertional heatstroke, respectively. Pathological studies have revealed organ damage, inflammation, thrombosis, and bleeding in heatstroke patients. Survivors may suffer long-term complications and a persistent risk of death. Current treatments for heatstroke focus on rapid cooling, and further research is needed to identify genetic factors and develop specific management approaches.
NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Bumsoo Ahn, Rojina Ranjit, Parker Kneis, Hongyang Xu, Katarzyna M. Piekarz, Willard M. Freeman, Michael Kinter, Arlan Richardson, Qitao Ran, Susan V. Brooks, Holly Van Remmen
Summary: The study aimed to determine the impact of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide on muscle aging and contractile dysfunction. Results showed that muscle-specific overexpression of mPRDX3 can reduce mitochondrial H2O2 generation, improve mitochondrial function, and mitigate loss of muscle quantity and quality, despite the persistence of neuromuscular junction impairment.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aparna Ragupathi, Mei-ling Li, Nikhil Patel, Guy Werlen, Gary Brewer, Estela Jacinto
Article
Oncology
Varsha Chiruvella, Asad Ullah, Islam Elhelf, Nikhil Patel, Nagla Abdel Karim
Summary: Pericardial effusion is frequently observed in advanced-stage lung cancer, with malignant cells or fluid accumulation in the pericardial space causing symptoms like dyspnea, chest pain, and syncope. The detection and diagnosis of malignant pericardial effusion can be challenging, and treatment options are limited due to poor prognoses in lung cancer patients.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Matthew N. Cramer, Daniel Gagnon, Orlando Laitano, Craig G. Crandall
Summary: This review focuses on the regulation of deep body temperature in healthy and disordered human bodies during heat stress. Factors such as morphology, intrinsic factors, diseases, and injuries can independently or interactively affect deep body temperature regulation. Understanding the mechanisms behind these factors can provide insights into the impact of heat stress on the human body.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Jamal M. Alzahrani, Kevin O. Murray, Bryce J. Gambino, Christian K. Garcia, Laila H. Sheikh, Kevin J. Cusack, Orlando Laitano, Thomas L. Clanton
Summary: Exposure to a second EHS after 2 weeks leads to increased exercise times in the heat, symptom limitation at a lower T-c,T-max, and greater deficits in neuromotor and behavioral function during recovery.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Mark B. Badrov, Jeung-Ki Yoo, Sarah L. Hissen, David B. Nelson, J. Kevin Shoemaker, Qi Fu
Summary: This study tested whether women who develop gestational hypertension (GH) display abnormal sympathetic action potential (AP) discharge patterns in late pregnancy (32-36 weeks), both at rest and during postural stress. The results showed that the burst frequency of muscle sympathetic nerve activity was elevated in GH compared to the control groups. Moreover, the content per integrated burst and the total AP firing frequency were also higher in the GH group. In conclusion, women who develop GH exhibit aberrant sympathetic AP firing patterns in both supine and upright postures.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mei-Ling Li, Aparna Ragupathi, Nikhil Patel, Tatiana Hernandez, Jedrick Magsino, Guy Werlen, Gary Brewer, Estela Jacinto
Summary: mTORC2 regulates Akt phosphorylation by modulating the RNA-binding protein AUF1, which affects cellular metabolism and tumor progression.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongyang Xu, Bumsoo Ahn, Holly Van Remmen
Summary: Aging and oxidative stress have specific impacts on mechanisms related to muscle weakness, including reduced membrane excitability, altered signaling and stability, decreased Ca2+ sensitivity, modified SERCA activity, disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis, and impaired mitochondrial function.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zachery Branham, Ashley D. Fox, Asad Ullah, Nikhil G. Patel, Martha Terris, Jigarkumar Parikh
Summary: This case report describes a rare case of adrenal cortical carcinosarcoma in a 78-year-old female patient. The unique histology of this malignancy, with both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, presents a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. The study emphasizes the importance of considering adrenal carcinosarcomas in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses.
Article
Oncology
Asad Ullah, Jaffar Khan, Abdul Waheed, Nabin Raj Karki, Mya Goodbee, Abdul Qahar Khan Yasinzai, Bisma Tareen, Agha Wali, Khaleel Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Samsoor Zarak, Israr Khan, Andrea Agualimpia Garcia, Adil Khan, Marjan Khan, Sana Jogezai, Junaid Ahmad, Luis Velasquez Zarate, Nikhil Patel, Nagla Abdel Karim, Saleh Heneidi
Summary: Salivary gland tumors are rare and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a common type which mainly affects adults. MEC tumors are usually small in size, moderately differentiated, and localized in the gland. Surgical resection is the most common treatment option. Children with MEC have a lower death rate compared to adults. Higher mortality is associated with larger tumor size, male sex, and distant spread.
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mark B. Badrov, Jeung-Ki Yoo, Sarah L. Hissen, Andrew W. D'Souza, David B. Nelson, J. Kevin Shoemaker, Qi Fu
Article
Physiology
Liliana I. Renteria, Xiangyu Zheng, Isela Valera, Daniel R. Machin, Lisa R. Leon, Orlando Laitano
Summary: Female mice have a higher exercise capacity in the heat compared to male mice, and this cannot be explained by differences in body mass, size, or testosterone levels. The influence of ovariectomy on exercise capacity in the heat, thermoregulation, intestinal damage, and heat shock response was investigated in a mouse model of exertional heat stroke (EHS). Ovariectomy resulted in a shorter exercise capacity, greater intestinal damage, and lower heat shock response following EHS.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
