Biotechnological strategies for bio-transforming biosolid into resources toward circular bio-economy: A review

Biosolids are the biological organic matter extracted from various treatment processes of wastewater which are considered as a rich source of energy and nutrients. The most commonly used method for the disposal of biosolids is landfilling. But this causes the loss of valuable nutrients and creates environmental issues. Circular economy approaches provide a better way for utilization these resources in a sustainable manner. This allows maximum utilization of resources and many natural resources can be preserved and utilized for future generations. The present review provides a comprehensive illustration of biotechnological approaches for the utilization of biosolids. Various process strategies for the utilization of biosolids for the production of energy, fuels and valueadded products are discussed. The utilization of this rich organic matter under circular economy has also been described in detail.

Automated summary

This review provides a comprehensive illustration of biotechnological approaches for the utilization of biosolids, including various process strategies for the production of energy, fuels, and value-added products. The importance of utilizing biosolids under a circular economy is also emphasized.