Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rhiane Moody, Kirsty Wilson, Katie L. Flanagan, Anthony Jaworowski, Magdalena Plebanski
Summary: COVID-19, primarily a respiratory infection, can lead to complications affecting multiple organs. Immune responses can both protect against and exacerbate the disease. Viral infections have been linked to autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and lupus, with reports of new onset autoimmune-like diseases in COVID-19 patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rhiane Moody, Sabrina Sonda, Fay H. H. Johnston, Kylie J. J. Smith, Nicola Stephens, Michelle McPherson, Katie L. L. Flanagan, Magdalena Plebanski
Summary: This study found that autoantibodies produced during acute COVID-19 can persist for up to 8 months after infection and are associated with sustained anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Individuals post COVID-19 infection show specific recognition of autoantigens, and the level of anti-Spike IgG is correlated with the extent of autoimmunity post-COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Julia Y. Wang, Wei Zhang, Victor B. Roehrl, Michael W. Roehrl, Michael H. Roehrl
Summary: An autoantigen-ome identified through dermatan sulfate affinity from human lung HFL1 cells may explain the neurological and autoimmune manifestations of COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Guglielmo Lucchese, Antje Vogelgesang, Fabian Boesl, Dina Raafat, Silva Holtfreter, Barbara M. Broker, Angela Stufano, Robert Fleischmann, Harald Pruss, Christiana Franke, Agnes Floel
Summary: This study confirmed the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies against hypothesized epitopes in COVID-19 patients, with significantly elevated IgG levels in severely ill patients suggesting a pathogenic role. The newly discovered anti-neuronal antibodies may serve as promising markers of severe disease and potentially be used for immunomodulation.
Article
Immunology
Mikhail Lebedin, Clara Vazquez Garcia, Lisa Spatt, Christoph Ratswohl, Charlotte Thibeault, Lennard Ostendorf, Tobias Alexander, Friedemann Paul, Leif Erik Sander, Florian Kurth, Kathrin de la Rosa
Summary: Diverse autoantibodies in COVID-19 have unclear functional implications. ACE2 is one of the targets of autoantibodies. Elevated levels of sACE2 and anti-ACE2 IgG were observed in critically ill patients, but they were poorly correlated. IgGs recognizing ACE2, IFN alpha 2, and CD26 correlated strongly in severe COVID-19, with some showing polyreactivity. Promiscuous autoantibodies did not impair ACE2 and IFN alpha 2 activity, while specific anti-IFN alpha 2 IgG compromised cytokine function.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria Orietta Borghi, Mauro Bombaci, Caterina Bodio, Paola Adele Lonati, Andrea Gobbini, Mariangela Lorenzo, Erminio Torresani, Antonella Dubini, Ilaria Bulgarelli, Francesca Solari, Francesca Pregnolato, Alessandra Bandera, Andrea Gori, Gianfranco Parati, Sergio Abrignani, Renata Grifantini, Pier Luigi Meroni
Summary: Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins may result in autoimmunity during COVID-19. Vaccination does not induce early autoimmune response but occasionally leads to low levels of autoantibodies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Catherine Chen, Aisah Amelia, George W. Ashdown, Ivo Mueller, Anna K. Coussens, Emily M. Eriksson
Summary: The clinical presentation of COVID-19 varies significantly between individuals, from asymptomatic, mild/moderate to severe disease. Understanding the immune mechanisms behind severe disease can help predict life-threatening complications, with autoantibodies playing a crucial role in inflammation, pathogen defense, and coagulation processes. Studies show a higher prevalence of autoantibodies targeting immunomodulatory proteins in severe COVID-19 patients compared to those with mild or asymptomatic infections.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Adam D. Nahari, Mary Beth F. Son, Jane W. Newburger, Ben Y. Reis
Summary: During the initial stages of a pandemic, the limited availability of pathogen-specific testing can hinder individualized risk screening and pandemic tracking. Clinical laboratory tests offer a widely available source of data for first-line risk screening and pandemic surveillance. In this study, an integrated framework for developing clinical-laboratory indicators for novel pandemics is proposed, combining population-level and individual-level analyses. The framework is applied to a dataset of clinical laboratory tests and identifies combinations of tests strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). This framework can be used to identify specific combinations of clinical laboratory tests for public health tracking and first-line individualized risk screening during novel pandemics.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond, Darren Martin
Summary: Molnupiravir, an antiviral drug for COVID-19, can cause multiple mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, potentially accelerating the evolution and transmission of viral variants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jillian R. R. Jaycox, Carolina Lucas, Inci Yildirim, Yile Dai, Eric Y. Y. Wang, Valter Monteiro, Sandra Lord, Jeffrey Carlin, Mariko Kita, Jane H. H. Buckner, Shuangge Ma, Melissa Campbell, Albert Ko, Saad Omer, Carrie L. L. Lucas, Cate Speake, Akiko Iwasaki, Aaron M. M. Ring
Summary: mRNA-based vaccines reduce the occurrence and severity of COVID-19, but may have rare adverse effects. This study investigates whether these vaccines can also promote the development of autoantibodies, particularly in autoimmune patients. The researchers found that most individuals generate robust virus-specific antibody responses after vaccination, but autoimmune patients on certain immunosuppression methods have impaired immune responses. The dynamics of autoantibodies are stable in vaccinated patients, unlike COVID-19 patients who exhibit an increased prevalence of new autoantibody reactivities.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francisco Javier Gil-Etayo, Sara Garcinuno, Antonio Lalueza, Raquel Diaz-Simon, Ana Garcia-Reyne, Daniel Enrique Pleguezuelo, Oscar Cabrera-Marante, Edgard Alfonso Rodriguez-Frias, Alfredo Perez-Rivilla, Manuel Serrano, Antonio Serrano
Summary: The presence of aPL in COVID-19 patients is significantly associated with thrombosis, with potential mechanisms including early immune dysregulation and delayed aPL-mediated thrombosis. Additionally, aPL found in COVID-19 patients may preexist before the infection.
Article
Immunology
Christoph Thurm, Annegret Reinhold, Katrin Borucki, Sascha Kahlfuss, Eugen Feist, Jens Schreiber, Dirk Reinhold, Burkhart Schraven
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 vaccines do not significantly induce the production of autoantibodies commonly associated with autoimmune diseases, but provide immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Immunology
Manuel Rojas, Maria Herran, Carolina Ramirez-Santana, Patrick S. C. Leung, Juan-Manuel Anaya, William M. Ridgway, M. Eric Gershwin
Summary: Infectious diseases are known to contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases in susceptible individuals, and molecular mimicry is believed to be one of the mechanisms involved. Other factors such as defects in central tolerance and constant antigenic stimuli may also contribute to the breach of tolerance and the development of autoimmune diseases. The use of peptide modeling and molecular docking analyses are emerging as critical strategies to study the links between molecular mimicry and autoimmunity.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Hotez
Summary: To halt the spread of the coronavirus, a high-level counteroffensive against new destructive forces is necessary.
Article
Hematology
Hilary Whitworth, Sarah E. Sartain, Riten Kumar, Katherine Armstrong, Lance Ballester, Marisol Betensky, Clay T. Cohen, Rosa Diaz, Caroline Diorio, Neil A. Goldenberg, Julie Jaffray, Jacquelyn Keegan, Kendra Malone, Adrienne G. Randolph, Stacey Rifkin-Zenenberg, Wendy Seto Leung, Anthony Sochet, Lakshmi Srivaths, Ayesha Zia, Leslie Raffini
Summary: This study found that age >= 12 years, cancer, presence of a central venous catheter, and MIS-C were significantly associated with thrombosis in children hospitalized with COVID-19 or MIS-C. It is notable that the majority of thrombotic events occurred in patients aged 12 years and older, and nearly one-third of patients experienced thrombosis despite receiving thromboprophylaxis.
Letter
Hematology
Matthias H. Busch, Sjoerd A. M. E. G. Timmermans, Sander M. J. van Kuijk, Joop P. Aendekerk, Renee Ysermans, Daan P. C. van Doorn, Judith Potjewijd, Marcel C. G. van de Poll, Iwan C. C. van der Horst, Jan G. M. C. Damoiseaux, Henri M. H. Spronk, Hugo ten Cate, Chris P. Reutelingsperger, Magdolna Nagy, Pieter van Paassen
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ilse H. de Lange, Charlotte van Gorp, Kimberly R. I. Massy, Lilian Kessels, Nico Kloosterboer, Ann Bjornshave, Marie Stampe Ostenfeld, Jan G. M. C. Damoiseaux, Joep P. M. Derikx, Wim G. van Gemert, Tim G. A. M. Wolfs
Summary: Many whey proteins, peptides, and protein-derived amino acids can improve gut health through their anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, barrier-protective, and immune-modulating effects. This study investigated the effects of whey protein fractions with different degrees of enzymatic hydrolysis on the intestinal epithelium, as well as their anti-microbial and immune effects. The results highlight the importance of hydrolysis degree in influencing the biological effects of whey protein fractions, and provide new insights for improving immune tolerance and promoting intestinal health.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fabrice Cognasse, Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse, Mickael Rosa, Delphine Corseaux, Brigitte Bonneaudeau, Chloe Pierre, Julie Huet, Charles Antoine Arthaud, Marie Ange Eyraud, Amelie Prier, Anne Claire Duchez, Theo Ebermeyer, Marco Heestermans, Estelle Audoux-Caire, Quentin Philippot, Tom Le Voyer, Olivier Hequet, Anne-Marie Fillet, Patricia Chavarin, Dominique Legrand, Pascale Richard, France Pirenne, Pierre Gallian, Jean Laurent Casanova, Sophie Susen, Pascal Morel, Karine Lacombe, Paul Bastard, Pierre Tiberghien
Summary: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) contains neutralising antibodies that may be useful as passive immunotherapy. CCP showed increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha and lower levels of IL-10 compared to control plasma. Auto-Antibodies against type I IFNs in CCP were not associated with reported adverse events. Further studies are needed to define the clinical relevance of these findings.
Article
Immunology
Jan Damoiseaux, Joyce van Beers
Summary: Autoantibodies, especially anti-dsDNA antibodies, are increasingly used in the diagnosis, classification, and follow-up of SLE patients. Standardizing autoantibody assays is a major challenge, and more attention should be given to harmonization initiatives and defining the required test characteristics for classification criteria. Separate multi-center studies are needed to establish the test characteristics of distinct immuno-assays for diagnosis and follow-up purposes. Additionally, these studies should not solely evaluate SLE as a single disease, but as a disease with distinct subtypes.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Renee Ysermans, Matthias H. Busch, Joop P. Aendekerk, Jan G. M. C. Damoiseaux, Pieter van Paassen
Summary: This retrospective study compared the outcomes of patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) treated with a combination of Rituximab and low dose cyclophosphamide (RTX-CYC) or with Rituximab only. It was found that the RTX-CYC group had significantly lower major relapse rates within two years after remission-induction.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sophie Kienhorst, Moniek H. D. van Aarle, Quirijn Jobsis, Michiel A. G. E. Bannier, Elin T. G. H. Kersten, Jan Damoiseaux, Onno C. P. van Schayck, Peter J. F. M. Merkus, Gerard Koppelman, Frederik-Jan van Schooten, Agnieszka Smolinska, Edward Dompeling
Summary: This study evaluates the application of a breath test in preschool children with asthma-like symptoms. The test predicts a diagnosis of asthma by analyzing the exhaled breath. The study also explores the relationship between other biological parameters and the odors in the breath.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Daan A. R. Castelijn, A. H. Leontine Mulder, Pieter van der Pol, Jolien C. Hollander, Tietie Kuiper, Caroline Bijnens, Jan Damoiseaux, Hetty J. Bontkes
Summary: This study compared the diagnostic performance of three tTG-IgA assay methods for the diagnosis of celiac disease. The results showed that the chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) were more sensitive compared to the fluorescence enzyme-linked immunoassay (FEIA). Lowering the cut-off threshold of the FEIA improved its diagnostic accuracy in adult cases. There were also differences in tTG-IgA levels between different age groups of patients.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ana Garcia-Garcia, Rebeca Perez de Diego, Carlos Flores, Darawan Rinchai, Jordi Sole-Violan, Angela Deya-Martinez, Blanca Garcia-Solis, Jose M. Lorenzo-Salazar, Elisa Hernandez-Brito, Anna-Lisa Lanz, Leen Moens, Giorgia Bucciol, Mohamed Almuqamam, Joseph Domachowske, Elena Colino, Juan Luis Santos-Perez, Francisco Marco, Claudio Pignata, Aziz Bousfiha, Stuart Turvey, Stefanie Bauer, Filomeen Haerynck, Javier Gonzalo Ocejo-Vinyals, Francisco Lendinez, Seraina Prader, Nora Naumann-Bartsch, Jana Pachlopnik Schmid, Catherine Biggs, Kyla Hildebrand, Alexandra Dreesman, Miguel Angel Cardenes, Fatima Ailal, Ibtihal Benhsaien, Giuliana Giardino, Agueda Molina-Fuentes, Claudia Fortuny, Swetha Madhavarapu, Daniel Conway, Carolina Prando, Laire Schidlowski, Maria Teresa Martinez de Saavedra Alvarez, Rafael Alfaro, Felipe Rodriguez de Castro, Isabelle Meyts, Fabian Hauck, Anne Puel, Paul Bastard, Bertrand Boisson, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Laurent Abel, Aurelie Cobat, Qian Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Laia Alsina, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego
Summary: X-linked recessive deficiency of TLR7 impairs SARS-CoV-2 recognition and type I IFN production, resulting in hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia. 22 unvaccinated patients with autosomal recessive MyD88 or IRAK-4 deficiency were infected with SARS-CoV-2, with a high risk of severe pneumonia. Impaired TLR7-dependent type I IFN production contributes to their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Louise Malle, Roosheel S. Patel, Marta Martin-Fernandez, O'Jay Stewart, Quentin Philippot, Sofija Buta, Ashley Richardson, Vanessa Barcessat, Justin Taft, Paul Bastard, Julie Samuels, Clotilde Mircher, Anne-Sophie Rebillat, Louise Maillebouis, Marie Vilaire-Meunier, Kevin Tuballes, Brad R. Rosenberg, Rebecca Trachtman, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Sacha Gnjatic, Douglas Bush, Dusan Bogunovic
Summary: Individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) exhibit multiple impairments such as cardiac, neurocognitive, and growth issues. They are also prone to severe infections and autoimmune disorders. This study reveals an autoimmune-prone state in DS characterized by persistent elevation of cytokines, chronic activation of CD4 T cells, and ongoing B cell activation. Furthermore, auto-antibodies targeting various organs and systems were detected in DS individuals' plasma, suggesting a breach in immune tolerance.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shenghua Zong, Anita M. M. Vinke, Peng Du, Carolin Hoffmann, Marina Mane-Damas, Peter C. C. Molenaar, Jan G. M. C. Damoiseaux, Mario Losen, Rob P. W. Rouhl, Pilar Martinez-Martinez
Summary: The clinical significance of anti-GAD65 autoantibodies (GAD65-Abs) in patients with epilepsy and other neurological disorders is still unclear. High levels of GAD65-Abs are considered pathogenic, while low or moderate levels are seen as bystanders in diseases like diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1). The value of cell-based assays (CBA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detecting GAD65-Abs has not been clearly evaluated in this context.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Respiratory System
Quentin Philippot, Paul Bastard, Anne Puel, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Aurelie Cobat, Cedric Laouenan, Coralie Tardivon, Bruno Crestani, Raphael Borie
Summary: SARS-CoV2 infection has a poor prognosis in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) who have autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs). A study screened the plasma of 247 IPF patients and found that only 3 of them had these autoantibodies. Among these patients, the one with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection had life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. However, the study did not find a significant association between these autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs and IPF.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Xiaochun Susan Zhang, Nicola Bizzaro, Anne E. Tebo, Vijayalakshmi Nandakumar, Maria Infantino, Teresa Carbone, Xavier Bossuyt, Jan Damoiseaux
IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Judith Potjewijd, Rachid Tobal, Karin A. Boomars, Vanessa V. P. M. van Empel, Femke de Vries, Jan G. M. C. Damoiseaux, Leon J. Schurgers, Pieter van Paassen
Summary: The study found that elevated levels of dp-ucMGP in early-diagnosed SSc patients are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
J. Kerstens, M. Schreurs, J. De Vries, E. Hoff, J. Damoiseaux, A. Van de Mortel, C. Delnooz, R. Neuteboom, D. Bastiaansen, Y. Crijnen, J. Brenner, R. Van Steenhoven, M. De Bruijn, A. Van Sonderen, M. Vermeiren, P. Sillevis Smitt, M. Titulaer
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Quentin Philippot, Masato Ogishi, Jonathan Bohlen, Julia Puchan, Andres Augusto Arias, Tina Nguyen, Marta Martin-Fernandez, Clement Conil, Darawan Rinchai, Mana Momenilandi, Seyed Alireza Mandaviani, Mohammad Keramatipour, Jeremie Rosain, Rui Yang, Taushif Khan, Anna-Lena Neehus, Marie Materna, Ji Eun Han, Jessica Peel, Federico Mele, Marc Weisshaar, Sandra Jovic, Paul Bastard, Romain Levy, Tom Le Voyer, Peng Zhang, Majistor Raj Luxman Maglorius Renkilaraj, Carlos A. Arango-Franco, Simon Pelham, Yoann Seeleuthner, Mathieu Pochon, Manar Mahmoud Ahmad Ata, Fatima Al Ali, Melanie Migaud, Camille Soudee, Tatiana Kochetkov, Anne Molitor, Raphael Carapito, Seiamak Bahram, Bertrand Boisson, Claire Fieschi, Davood Mansouri, Nico Marr, Satoshi Okada, Mohammad Shahrooei, Nima Parvaneh, Zahra Chavoshzadeh, Aurelie Cobat, Dusan Bogunovic, Laurent Abel, Stuart G. Tangye, Cindy S. Ma, Vivien Beziat, Federica Sallusto, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Jacinta Bustamante, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Anne Puel
Summary: Patients with IL-23R deficiency may suffer from Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. IL-23 is essential for the production of IL-17A in MATT cells and for the production of IFN-y in both V62+ y6 T cells and MATT cells.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
