☆ 4.7 Review

Challenges and Recent Advances in Enzyme-Mediated Wastewater Remediation-A Review

NANOMATERIALS (2021)

Journal

NANOMATERIALS

Volume 11, Issue 11, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI

DOI: 10.3390/nano11113124

Keywords

peroxidases enzymes; water remediation enzyme evolution; enzyme immobilization; hybrid nanoflowers; metal organic framework

Funding

College of Graduate Studies, UAE University [31S389]
Khalifa University [CIRA-2020-046]

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Abstract

The presence of emerging pollutants in various water bodies poses devastating effects on human and aquatic life due to incomplete removal in existing wastewater treatment plants. Researchers are exploring the use of enzymes to degrade organic compounds, with a focus on immobilization for cost-effective and recyclable remediation approaches. However, challenges such as enzyme stability and recyclability need to be addressed for scaling-up and efficient bioremediation.

Different classes of artificial pollutants, collectively called emerging pollutants, are detected in various water bodies, including lakes, rivers, and seas. Multiple studies have shown the devastating effects these emerging pollutants can have on human and aquatic life. The main reason for these emerging pollutants in the aquatic environment is their incomplete removal in the existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Several additional treatments that could potentially supplement existing WWTPs to eliminate these pollutants include a range of physicochemical and biological methods. The use of enzymes, specifically, oxidoreductases, are increasingly being studied for their ability to degrade different classes of organic compounds. These enzymes have been immobilized on different supports to promote their adoption as a cost-effective and recyclable remediation approach. Unfortunately, some of these techniques have shown a negative effect on the enzyme, including denaturation and loss of catalytic activity. This review focuses on the major challenges facing researchers working on the immobilization of peroxidases and the recent progress that has been made in this area. It focuses on four major areas: (1) stability of enzymes upon immobilization, enzyme engineering, and evolution; (2) recyclability and reusability, including immobilization on membranes and solid supports; (3) cost associated with enzyme-based remediation; and (4) scaling-up and bioreactors.

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Enzyme hybrid nanoflowers and enzyme@metal-organic frameworks composites: fascinating hybrid nanobiocatalysts

Zichen Wang, Ruirui Wang, Zixin Geng, Xiuyan Luo, Jiahui Jia, Saizhao Pang, Xianwei Fan, Muhammad Bilal, Jiandong Cui

Summary: Hybrid nanomaterials have emerged as a new interface of nanobiocatalysis, with inorganic crystal nanoflowers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) being of particular interest for enzyme immobilization. However, there is a lack of literature reviews on enzyme@MOF and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites and their synthesis strategies and applications in biotechnology. This review discusses innovative synthetic strategies and biotechnological applications of enzyme@MOF and enzyme-hybrid nanoflower composites, aiming to provide insights and ideas for future research.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2023)