Article
Microbiology
David Klank, Bernd Claus, Raoul Bergner, Peter Paschka
Summary: Medical care for immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 infection is challenging. Vaccination responses are poor in patients with oncological or autoimmune diseases, requiring rapid and effective care. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) provide an effective therapeutic option with favorable toxicity.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
David J. Douin, Lianne Siegel, Greg Grandits, Andrew Phillips, Neil R. Aggarwal, Jason Baker, Samuel M. Brown, Christina C. Chang, Anna L. Goodman, Birgit Grund, Elizabeth S. Higgs, Catherine L. Hough, Daniel D. Murray, Roger Paredes, Mahesh Parmar, Sarah Pett, Mark N. Polizzotto, Uriel Sandkovsky, Wesley H. Self, Barnaby E. Young, Abdel G. Babiker, Victoria J. Davey, Virginia Kan, Annetine C. Gelijns, Gail Matthews, B. Taylor Thompson, H. Clifford Lane, James D. Neaton, Jens D. Lundgren, Adit A. Ginde
Summary: Due to the uncertainty of COVID-19's natural history, it is challenging to assess the clinical recovery of hospitalized patients. This study compared three different definitions of recovery and found that 20% of the patients had clinically significant events after discharge within 90 days.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jose Javier Morales-Nunez, Jose Francisco Munoz-Valle, Paola Carolina Torres-Hernandez, Jorge Hernandez-Bello
Summary: This review article discusses the essential concepts of NAbs, including their mechanisms of action, production, and detection techniques, as well as providing an overview of the clinical use of antibodies in COVID-19.
Article
Virology
Kristine A. Sobolewski, Steven M. Smoke, Alison Brophy, Andrew V. Vassallo, Brandon Chen, Patrick Hilden, Rebecca Patterson, Marina Pittiglio, Karan Raja, Eric Handler, Christopher Freer
Summary: Evidence from clinical trials suggests that treatment with anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mABs) may substantially reduce the risk of hospitalization among patients 65 years or older with COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Christopher Mayer, Katherine VanHise, Rachel Caskey, Mariam Naqvi, Richard M. Burwick
Summary: For unvaccinated pregnant individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, the use of monoclonal antibodies such as casirivimab and imdevimab can decrease the risk of severe disease and hospitalization. In this case study, two pregnant individuals in their second and third trimesters were successfully treated with these monoclonal antibodies, resulting in no adverse drug reactions and prevention of disease progression. Monoclonal antibodies should be considered for unvaccinated pregnant individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 to reduce the risk of severe disease.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Michael Richley, Rashmi R. Rao, Yalda Afshar, Jenny Mei, Thalia Mok, Tara Vijayan, Stacey Weinstein, Christine U. Pham, Jason Madamba, Christina S. Shin, Deborah Suda, Christina S. Han
Summary: This study presents a retrospective case series of pregnant patients who received monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19, and the results suggest that pregnant patients who received treatment generally had favorable outcomes.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Joe Eid, Mahmoud Abdelwahab, Hayley Williams, Joy Lehman, Carlos Malvestutto, Mark B. Landon, Maged M. Costantine, Kara M. Rood
Summary: Treatment with monoclonal antibodies can reduce the risk of hospitalization for pregnant individuals with mild or moderate COVID-19, especially those who are unvaccinated.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yannic C. Bartsch, Xin Tong, Jaewon Kang, Maria Jose Avendano, Eileen F. Serrano, Tamara Garcia-Salum, Catalina Pardo-Roa, Arnoldo Riquelme, Yongfei Cai, Isabella Renzi, Guillaume Stewart-Jones, Bing Chen, Rafael A. Medina, Galit Alter
Summary: Despite evading neutralizing antibodies, the Omicron variant does not increase death rates in highly vaccinated populations, suggesting the presence of immune mechanisms beyond antibody-mediated virus neutralization. Vaccine-induced Spike protein-specific antibodies continue to drive Fc effector functions, indicating the potential of extraneutralizing antibodies in disease control.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Devang K. Sanghavi, Shivang Bhakta, Hani M. Wadei, Wendelyn Bosch, Jennifer B. Cowart, Rickey E. Carter, Sadia Z. Shah, Benjamin D. Pollock, Matthew R. Neville, Sven P. Oman, Leigh Speicher, Jason Siegel, Ameya D. Scindia, Claudia R. Libertin, Katie L. Kunze, Patrick W. Johnson, Mark W. Matson, Pablo Moreno Franco
Summary: This study found that hospitalized breakthrough cases were more likely to have underlying risk factors than unvaccinated patients. In breakthrough cases admitted to the hospital, low-spike antibody titers may serve as an indicator for poor prognosis.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Serena Vita, Silvia Rosati, Tommaso Ascoli Bartoli, Alessia Beccacece, Alessandra D'Abramo, Andrea Mariano, Laura Scorzolini, Delia Goletti, Emanuele Nicastri
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies are protein-based substances that mimic the immune system's ability to fight off viruses. They have been authorized for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk individuals. This review focuses on the therapeutic indications of monoclonal antibodies for pre- and postexposure prophylaxis and the effectiveness of convalescent plasma.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rebecca Folkman, Ola Blennow, Tuulikki Tovatt, Karin Pettersson, Piotr Nowak
Summary: This study describes the clinical outcomes of seven hospitalized pregnant women treated with casirivimab-imdevimab for COVID-19. Only one patient progressed to severe disease, while the others had favorable outcomes. This suggests that monoclonal antibody treatment may be an effective and safe option for pregnant women.
Review
Immunology
Liriye Kurtovic, James G. Beeson
Summary: Complement may play a protective role in enhancing antibody neutralization of viruses, promoting virus phagocytosis by immune cells, and lysing viruses, which could be harnessed for the development of effective therapeutics and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lanying Du, Yang Yang, Xiujuan Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 proteins developed to date, with a focus on the N-terminal domain and RBD of the S protein. The roles of binding affinity, neutralizing activity, and protection provided by these nAbs in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are discussed, as well as the potential to improve nAb efficiency against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
F. D. Richard Hobbs, Hugh Montgomery, Francisco Padilla, Jesus Abraham Simon-Campos, Kenneth Kim, Douglas Arbetter, Kelly W. Padilla, Venkatesh Pilla Reddy, Seth Seegobin, Katie Streicher, Alison Templeton, Rolando M. Viani, Eva Johnsson, Gavin C. K. W. Koh, Mark T. Esser
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of AZD7442 on adult outpatients with COVID-19. It found that AZD7442 reduced the risk of death and hospitalization, and improved symptom severity.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Jonas Michel Wolf, Helena Petek, Jucara G. Maccari, Luiz Antonio Nasi
Summary: This study evaluated the hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and lethality of COVID-19 patients from March 2020 to April 2022 in a hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The findings showed higher ICU occupancy in 2021 and higher lethality rates among ICU patients during the pandemic years.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Biagio Pinchera, Lorenzo Spirito, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Maria Foggia, Rosa Carrano, Fabrizio Salemi, Elisa Schettino, Fortuna Papa, Roberto La Rocca, Felice Crocetto, Luigi Napolitano, Riccardo Villari, Ivan Gentile
Summary: This study assessed the impact of mTOR inhibitors on the evolution and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney transplant patients. The results showed that compared to other regimens, the use of mTOR inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of developing a moderate or severe form of the disease.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Nicola Coppola, Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Lorenzo Onorato, Riccardo Scotto, Federica Calo, Luigi Atripaldi, Anna Borrelli, Antonio Corcione, Maria Giovanna De Cristofaro, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Amelia Filippelli, Gianluigi Franci, Maria Galdo, Gaspare Guglielmi, Pasquale Pagliano, Alessandro Perrella, Ornella Piazza, Marco Picardi, Rodolfo Punzi, Ugo Trama, Ivan Gentile
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global health, requiring urgent development of new treatment strategies. Several drugs and combinations have been introduced in recent years to treat multi-drug-resistant bacteria, but their efficacy must be preserved through proper use. This paper provides an overview of the epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance of the most common MDR Gram-negative bacteria, proposing a treatment algorithm based on the latest clinical evidence for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria.
Article
Immunology
Biagio Pinchera, Nicola Schiano Moriello, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Emanuela Zappulo, Giulio Viceconte, Riccardo Villari, Ivan Gentile
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HCV-related liver disease. HCV infection alters the gut microbiota, leading to an inflammatory state which can progress the liver disease. Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) not only eliminate the virus but also impact the gut microbiota of HCV patients. Understanding the gut microbiota in HCV-related liver disease is important for exploring new therapeutic opportunities.
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Riccardo Scotto, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Giulia Zumbo, Antonio Di Fusco, Nunzia Esposito, Isabella Di Filippo, Mariano Nobile, Biagio Pinchera, Nicola Schiano Moriello, Riccardo Villari, Ivan Gentile
Summary: A study showed the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 in reducing the risk of severe disease progression in fragile patients before the emergence of the Omicron variant. Chronic kidney disease and high basal D-dimer concentrations were identified as risk factors for unfavorable outcomes.
Article
Immunology
Riccardo Scotto, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Antonio Iuliano, Maria Foggia, Alessia Sardanelli, Riccardo Villari, Biagio Pinchera, Ivan Gentile
Summary: Early treatment with remdesivir in adult and fragile patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection showed low rates of disease progression and adverse drug reactions. The study included 62 patients who were treated with remdesivir alone or in combination with monoclonal antibodies. The results showed low rates of hospitalization, increase in oxygen supplementation, ICU admission, and death in the patients.
Article
Microbiology
Biagio Pinchera, Nicola Schiano Moriello, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Isabella Di Filippo, Anastasia Tanzillo, Giorgio Buzzo, Riccardo Villari, Ivan Gentile
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a common comorbidity in COVID-19 patients and is associated with a worse prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism for this negative outcome is still not completely understood. Our study aimed to investigate the potential role of antidiabetic therapy in the progression of COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ivan Gentile, Nicola Schiano Moriello, Rogier Hopstaken, Carl Llor, Hasse Melbye, Oliver Senn
Summary: Limiting antibiotic overuse is crucial in addressing antibiotic resistance. C-reactive protein point-of-care testing shows potential in reducing antibiotic prescriptions for lower respiratory tract infections, but financial and logistical challenges need to be addressed.
Article
Microbiology
Letizia Cattaneo, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Carmine Iacovazzo, Agnese Giaccone, Riccardo Scotto, Giulio Viceconte, Simona Mercinelli, Maria Vargas, Emanuela Roscetto, Francesco Cacciatore, Paola Salvatore, Maria Rosaria Catania, Riccardo Villari, Antonio Cittadini, Ivan Gentile
Summary: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are severe and under-estimated complications of COVID-19. A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients admitted to a hospital in Naples found cases of IFIs caused by Candida spp., Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and Trichosporon asahii. Most cases were not associated with underlying predisposing conditions and were linked to high-dose steroid therapy and lymphopenia with CD4+ < 200/μL due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. IFIs significantly increased hospitalization duration and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Biagio Pinchera, Emanuela Zappulo, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo, Maria Rosaria Cotugno, Giovanni Di Filippo, Francesco Borrelli, Simona Mercinelli, Riccardo Villari, Ivan Gentile
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HCV eradication on CD4 + T cell count in HIV-HCV coinfected patients. The study found that HCV viral eradication obtained with DAAs did not cause significant changes in the CD4 + T cell count, regardless of CDC category and stage of liver disease.
HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Antonio Russo, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Verdiana Zollo, Salvatore Martini, Paolo Maggi, Fabio Giuliano Numis, Ivan Gentile, Nadia Sangiovanni, Anna Maria Rossomando, Vincenzo Bianco, Giosuele Calabria, Raffaella Pisapia, Alessio Vinicio Codella, Alfonso Masullo, Elio Manzillo, Grazia Russo, Roberto Parrella, Giuseppina Dell'Aquila, Michele Gambardella, Antonio Ponticiello, Lorenzo Onorato, Nicola Coppola
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the outcome of obese and non-obese patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that obese patients were more prone to need intensive care treatment and had a higher death rate during hospitalization.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Alberto Enrico Maraolo, Federica Licciardi, Ivan Gentile, Annalisa Saracino, Alessandra Belati, Davide Fiore Bavaro
Summary: A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the best treatment for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) infections. The study found that fluoroquinolones (FQs) and possibly tetracycline derivatives (TDs) may be reasonable alternatives to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). More clinical trial data is needed to inform therapeutic choices.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lorenzo Onorato, Federica Calo, Paolo Maggi, Enrico Allegorico, Ivan Gentile, Vincenzo Sangiovanni, Vincenzo Esposito, Chiara Dell'Isola, Giosuele Calabria, Raffaella Pisapia, Angelo Salomone Megna, Alfonso Masullo, Elio Manzillo, Grazia Russo, Roberto Parrella, Giuseppina Dell'Aquila, Michele Gambardella, Felice Di Perna, Mariantonietta Pisaturo, Nicola Coppola, CoviCam Grp
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial infections and antimicrobial prescriptions in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients and to identify the independent predictors of infection and antibiotic prescription. The study found a high rate of antimicrobial prescriptions despite a limited number of documented or suspected bacterial infections among the large cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.