Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akshay Markanday, Junya Inoue, Peter W. Dicke, Peter Thier
Summary: The discharge of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex involves high-frequency simple spikes and low-frequency complex spikes. While simple spikes are believed to convey information for optimizing movement kinematics, the function of complex spikes remains controversial, with the possibility of contributing to other aspects of motor behavior.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Naveen Sendhilnathan, Anna Ipata, Michael E. Goldberg
Summary: The role of complex spikes in reinforcement learning and their interaction with simple spikes remain unclear. This study reveals that complex spikes carry multiple context-based signals independent of motor kinematics and unlikely to guide concurrent simple spike activity through an error-based mechanism. The diverse neural encoding in the cerebellum supports flexible stimulus-action-reward relationships in different contexts and learning states.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mohammadreza Mohagheghi Nejad, Stefan Rotter, Robert Schmidt
Summary: Movement-related decreases in firing rate observed in basal ganglia output neurons may lead to thalamic post-inhibitory rebound spikes. This disruption in motor signal transmission due to correlations in basal ganglia output is primarily found in pathological conditions. The model confirms that rebound spiking primarily occurs in pathological regimes but also identifies specific conditions where it may occur in healthy animals.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mario Manto, Lazaros C. Triarhou
Summary: The olivocerebellar tract has unique properties, including being the source of multiple climbing fibers, powerful excitatory synapse with the Purkinje neuron, and complex spikes composed of initial large amplitude spike and spikelets. The spatiotemporal patterns of complex spikes are essential for enhancing the accuracy of motor and cognitive processing.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kara J. Emery, Vicki J. Volbrecht, David H. Peterzell, Michael A. Webster
Summary: The coordinate frames for color and motion are often defined by three dimensions, but the organizational principles for the representation of hue and motion direction are profoundly different.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Shirin Dora, Sander M. Bohte, Cyriel M. A. Pennartz
Summary: The paragraph discusses the computational paradigm of predictive coding and introduces a scalable, deep neural network architecture trained using a gated Hebbian learning rule. The models developed can reconstruct original images and exhibit properties such as orientation selectivity and object selectivity. Additionally, the models demonstrate increased image selectivity and sparseness from lower to higher areas, providing insight into inconsistent experimental results on sparseness across the cortical hierarchy.
FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nerea Llamosas, Sheldon D. Michaelson, Thomas Vaissiere, Camilo Rojas, Courtney A. Miller, Gavin Rumbaugh
Summary: The Syngap1 gene promotes experience-dependent excitatory synapse strengthening in the mouse cortex, while synaptic depression and bouton elimination are unaffected. It enhances somatic neural activity in weakly active neurons within cortical networks, but has little impact on highly active neurons.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Naoyuki Sato, Riki Matsumoto, Akihiro Shimotake, Masao Matsuhashi, Mayumi Otani, Takayuki Kikuchi, Takeharu Kunieda, Hiroaki Mizuhara, Susumu Miyamoto, Ryosuke Takahashi, Akio Ikeda
Summary: Convergent evidence has shown that semantics are represented by interactions between a multimodal semantic hub in the anterior temporal lobe and modality-specific association cortical areas. A novel ECoG cross-spectrum analysis revealed frequency-dependent cortical networks, with the beta-band network being particularly associated with the formation of semantic representation.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Kamesh Krishnamurthy, Ann M. Hermundstad, Thierry Mora, Aleksandra M. Walczak, Vijay Balasubramanian
Summary: This article proposes how the architecture of olfactory circuits uses disorder, diffuse sensing, and redundancy in representation to process olfactory information. The binding of receptors to molecules in a diffuse and disordered manner compresses the odor space into a small receptor space, reducing the correlation in the low-dimensional receptor code through lateral interactions. Expansive disordered projections from the periphery to the central brain reconfigure the information into a high-dimensional representation, allowing downstream neurons to learn flexible associations and valences.
FRONTIERS IN COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wen Pan, Chun-Ping Chu, De-Lai Qiu
Summary: In this study, the effects of etomidate, an intravenous anesthetic, on the spontaneous activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice were investigated. The results showed that etomidate significantly suppressed the complex spikes (CSs) activity of Purkinje cells through the activation of GABA(A) and glycine receptors, as well as the CB1 receptor-mediated PKA signaling pathway.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ah-Hyoung Lee, Jihun Lee, Jungwoo Jang, Arto Nurmikko, Yoon-Kyu Song
Summary: This study demonstrates the concept of a distributed, untethered, and addressable microstimulator called "optical neurograin (ONG)", which can trigger stimulation events through remote command. Each ONG has a unique device address and can deliver current stimuli to the target cortex, enabling a stimulator network of up to 128 nodes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laurent Magy, Pauline Chazelas, Laurence Richard, Nathalie Deschamps, Simon Frachet, Jean-Michel Vallat, Corinne Magdelaine, Frederic Favreau, Flavien Bessaguet, Anne-Sophie Lia, Mathilde Duchesne
Summary: CANVAS is a rare disorder characterized by late-onset ataxia and autosomal recessive inheritance. This study investigated eight patients with sensory neuropathy and/or an unexplained cough who showed symptoms of CANVAS, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. The findings reveal that chronic cough and neuropathic pain can be significant impairments in these patients, suggesting the need for early recognition to avoid unnecessary immunotherapy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas E. Bush, Sara A. Solla, Mitra J. Z. Hartmann
Summary: Through studying the rodent whisker system, researchers have found that primary sensory neurons can simultaneously represent multiple mechanical features of a stimulus, do not preferentially encode principal components, and represent continuous and tiled variations of all available mechanical information. This diverse representation helps deepen our understanding of the encoding capabilities of Vg neurons.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Cynthia Alejandra Rodriguez-Arzate, Marianne Lizeth Martinez-Mendoza, Israel Rocha-Mendoza, Yryx Luna-Palacios, Jacob Licea-Rodriguez, Ataulfo Martinez-Torres
Summary: This study characterized the morphology and intracellular calcium dynamics of Bergmann glia and astrocytes in the mouse cerebellum, finding alterations in their spontaneous calcium transients in a model of cortical dysplasia induced by carmustine.
Article
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
HyunJung An, Ryszard Auksztulewicz, Hijee Kang, Jan W. H. Schnupp
Summary: Predictive coding is a theory of neural processing in perceptual inference, but it is unclear how different sensory features' prediction violations are mediated in auditory cortex. This study used ECoG in rat auditory cortex to investigate neural responses to synthesized acoustic syllables with different features, finding increased responses to deviant stimuli but no systematic topographic gradients for feature violations. This suggests that prediction error signaling across different acoustic features involves different cortical populations with substantial heterogeneity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natsumi Shibano, Mio Yamazaki, Tomoki Arima, Konami Abe, Marin Kuroda, Yuki Kobayashi, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Teiichi Furuichi, Yoshitake Sano
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Yuki Fujita, Toru Nakanishi, Masaki Ueno, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Toshihide Yamashita
Article
Neurosciences
Tetsushi Yamagata, Matthieu Raveau, Kenta Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Miyamoto, Tetsuya Tatsukawa, Ikuo Ogiwara, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Takao K. Hensch, Kazuhiro Yamakawa
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Shigeo Miyata, Toshikazu Kakizaki, Kazuyuki Fujihara, Hideru Obinata, Touko Hirano, Junichi Nakai, Mika Tanaka, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Masahiko Watanabe, Kenji F. Tanaka, Manabu Abe, Kenji Sakimura, Yuchio Yanagawa
Summary: The study developed Gad1(tTA/STOP-tetO) biallelic knock-in mice, where GAD67 protein expression was reduced and GABA content decreased after doxycycline treatment, leading to emotional abnormalities in these mice. These findings provide valuable insights into the neurobiological mechanisms of emotional abnormalities related to psychiatric disorders.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lenin C. Kandasamy, Mina Tsukamoto, Vitaliy Banov, Sambuu Tsetsegee, Yutaro Nagasawa, Mitsuhiro Kato, Naomichi Matsumoto, Junji Takeda, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Sonoko Ogawa, Larry J. Young, Qi Zhang
Summary: Posttranslational modification with glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes, involved in inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol deficiency (IGD) and affecting brain neurons, leading to impaired fear memory and epilepsy. Mouse models with PIGA gene deficits suggest that mutations may cause intellectual developmental disorders and other neurological issues.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ayako Ajima, Takamasa Yoshida, Kunio Yaguchi, Shigeyoshi Itohara
Summary: The study identified a microtremor resembling essential tremor in mice lacking netrin-G2, and successfully quantified it using a new tremor detection system. The system also proved effective in detecting low dose harmaline-induced tremors that had previously been difficult to detect. Different effects of medications and stress stimuli on tremors were observed between human essential tremors and microtremors in netrin-G2 KO mice, highlighting the heterogeneous nature of tremor conditions.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Youichi Iwai, Katsuya Ozawa, Kazuko Yahagi, Tsuneko Mishima, Sonam Akther, Camilla Trang Vo, Ashley Bomin Lee, Mika Tanaka, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Hajime Hirase
Summary: The study demonstrates that GPCR-triggered Ca2+ elevation in cortical astrocytes has causal impacts on neuronal activity and behavior, including neuronal activity inhibition, sensory evoked response depression, behavioral changes, and memory enhancement.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takumi Nakamura, Kazuo Nakajima, Yuki Kobayashi, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Takaoki Kasahara, Takashi Tsuboi, Tadafumi Kato
Summary: Bipolar disorder is a common mental illness with potential association with de novo mutations. Studies found de novo mutations in genes EHD1 and MACF1 were related to patients with bipolar disorder, and knock-in mouse models showed behavioral phenotypes associated with the disorder.
HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Chihiro Yoshihara, Kenichi Tokita, Teppo Maruyama, Misato Kaneko, Yousuke Tsuneoka, Kansai Fukumitsu, Eri Miyazawa, Kazutaka Shinozuka, Arthur J. Huang, Katsuhiko Nishimori, Thomas J. McHugh, Minoru Tanaka, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Kazushige Touhara, Kazunari Miyamichi, Kumi O. Kuroda
Summary: Maternal mammals exhibit heightened motivation to care for offspring, and this behavior is at least partially mediated by upregulation of amylin-Calcr signaling in distinct neuronal populations of the medial preoptic area. These Calcr+ MPOA neurons are required for both maternal and allomaternal nurturing behaviors, with modified connectomics postpartum potentially influencing risk-taking maternal care.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ayumi Yamada, Takae Hirasawa, Kayako Nishimura, Chikako Shimura, Naomi Kogo, Kei Fukuda, Madoka Kato, Masaki Yokomori, Tetsutaro Hayashi, Mana Umeda, Mika Yoshimura, Yoichiro Iwakura, Itoshi Nikaido, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Yoichi Shinkai
Summary: The supply of GLP from a young age was able to improve behavioral abnormalities in Ehmt1(Delta/+) mice, while neuron-specific GLP supply postnatally reversed the reduction of H3K9me2 and spine number in these mice, even though it did not fully improve the abnormal behaviors. The study also found that inflammatory genes like IL-1 beta and activated microglial cells increased in the Ehmt1(Delta/+) brain, but these phenotypes were reversed by neuron-specific postnatal GLP supply.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kansai Fukumitsu, Misato Kaneko, Teppo Maruyama, Chihiro Yoshihara, Arthur J. Huang, Thomas J. McHugh, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Minoru Tanaka, Kumi O. Kuroda
Summary: Social animals experience stress upon isolation and actively engage in contact with conspecifics. This study demonstrates that amylin-calcitonin receptor signaling in the medial preoptic area mediates affiliative social contacts among adult female mice. Isolation leads to active contact-seeking behavior and depressive-like behavior, along with a decrease in Amylin mRNA expression. Reuniting with peers induces physical contacts and a recovery of Amylin mRNA expression.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ayumi Yamada, Takae Hirasawa, Kayako Nishimura, Chikako Shimura, Naomi Kogo, Kei Fukuda, Madoka Kato, Masaki Yokomori, Tetsutaro Hayashi, Mana Umeda, Mika Yoshimura, Yoichiro Iwakura, Itoshi Nikaido, Shigeyoshi Itohara, Yoichi Shinkai
