Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xi Chen, Laura C. Loaiza, Laure Monconduit, Vincent Seznec
Summary: The 2D Si-Ge alloy materials, known as siliganes, have been developed for use as anodes in Li-ion batteries, offering reasonable cost and promising electrochemical performance. Among them, the siligane_Si0.9Ge0.1 showed the best performance, with a reversible capacity of 1325 mA h g-1, high capacity retention, and coulombic efficiency at a current density of 0.05 A g-1 after 10 cycles.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qianyi Ma, Yun Zheng, Dan Luo, Tyler Or, Yizhou Liu, Leixin Yang, Haozhen Dou, Jiequan Liang, Yihang Nie, Xin Wang, Aiping Yu, Zhongwei Chen
Summary: Despite being one of the most mature battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries still face challenges in energy density, current density, safety, environmental compatibility, and cost. All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLB) based on lithium metal anodes have emerged as a promising solution, with 2D materials (2DM) playing a crucial role in improving their performance. Strategies for enhancing ASSLBs using 2DM have been categorized based on their application in the three main components: anode, cathode, and electrolyte. Advanced characterization techniques, such as in situ characterization and synchrotron X-ray techniques, are key for understanding the mechanisms of 2DM in ASSLBs.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pengfei Yan, Liang Ji, Xiaopeng Liu, Qinghua Guan, Junling Guo, Yonglong Shen, Haijun Zhang, Weifeng Wei, Xinwei Cui, Qun Xu
Summary: The study found that a non-vdW heterostructure can strongly stabilize aMoO3_x while maintaining high electrical conductivity, optimizing lithium-ion storage kinetics and achieving high-performance energy storage materials. This work opens up a promising platform for boosting and understanding lithium-ion storage performance.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tong Yu, Huicong Yang, Hui-Ming Cheng, Feng Li
Summary: The use and storage of renewable and clean energy has become an important trend due to resource depletion, environmental pollution, and the rising price of refined fossil fuels. Non-lithium-ion batteries have attracted attention as a new focus for energy storage due to the limited resource and uneven distribution of lithium. This review discusses the theoretical progress of 2D SMR inorganic materials in the field of non-lithium-ion batteries, summarizing the common relationship among 2D SMR non-lithium energy storage anodes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Meimei Yuan, Hongjun Liu, Fen Ran
Summary: This article highlights the key kinetically limiting factors in the fast-charging process from the perspective of cathodic materials and describes the currently reported fast-charging cathode materials with improved rapid ions diffusion capability and fast reaction kinetics. It discusses a series of strategies, including nanostructure, doping, and multiple-system, while emphasizing the importance of pseudocapacitive contribution in constructing fast-charging lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Xiang Zhang, Guorong Hu, Zhongdong Peng, Yanbing Cao, Luyu Li, Chaopu Tan, Yongzhi Wang, Weigang Wang, Ke Du
Summary: Cubic mono-dispersion LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 micrometer particles synthesized by co-precipitation method exhibit enhanced structural stability and cycling performance compared to conventional spherical and irregular mono-dispersion LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
He Chen, Xu Xiao, Qizhen Zhu, Peng Zhang, Xiaoxue Wang, Bin Xu
Summary: By assembling 2D Mn3O4 with Ti3C2Tx nanosheets through a simple vacuum filtration approach, a unique flexible, 2D-2D Mn3O4/MXene film was fabricated. The MXene nanosheets in this nanostructure can buffer the volume change of Mn3O4 during the charge/discharge process, leading to excellent flexibility and lithium storage performance, showing great potential for application in LIBs.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junxian Zhang, Yu Xia, Caichao Ye, Haifa Qiu, Nianji Zhang, Guoxin Yin, Guangyuan Ren, Chunhua Chen, Yuping Yuan, Hsing-Lin Wang
Summary: By synthesizing HPB derivatives with different functional groups, HPB-COOH was identified as having superior anode properties for lithium-ion batteries, including higher capacity, better rate performance, and excellent cycling stability. This can be attributed to its layered morphology, pseudo-2D structure, low LUMO energy, and high electron conductivity.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yulin Gao, Zhenghui Pan, Jianguo Sun, Zhaolin Liu, John Wang
Summary: This review examines the current status and future prospects of rechargeable batteries beyond lithium-ion technology. It highlights the challenges faced by potential alternatives and compares their performance with lithium-ion batteries. The review provides an overview of the advantages, advances, remaining challenges, and state-of-the-art solutions for each alternative, as well as assessing their viability in the commercial market.
NANO-MICRO LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Maga Baek, Jaeseong Yoo, Yunjung Kim, Yong-Jin Jang, Hyungeun Seo, Sung-Min Lee, Hearin Jo, Sang-Gil Woo, Jae-Hun Kim
Summary: A surface modification method was proposed to improve the performance of porous polyethylene (PE) polymer film as separators in Li-ion batteries (LIBs) by introducing a carbonyl group (C=O) and an imine functional group (R-N=C) onto the surface through nucleophilic addition of amine in a solution. The surface-modified PE separator exhibited enhanced wettability and thermal stability, resulting in increased ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and rate capability of the cells without any negative effect on the physical and electrochemical properties of the separator.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Electrochemistry
Yao Liu, Wei Li, Yongyao Xia
Summary: While carbon, oxide, and silicon-based materials have limitations in current LIB applications, polyanionic compounds have gained attention for their ability to stabilize structures, adjust redox couples, and provide migration channels for guest ions, leading to electrode materials with long-term cycling, high energy density, and outstanding rate capability.
ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ahmad Majed, Mohammad Torkamanzadeh, Chukwudi F. F. Nwaokorie, Karamullah Eisawi, Chaochao Dun, Audrey Buck, Jeffrey J. J. Urban, Matthew M. M. Montemore, Volker Presser, Michael Naguib
Summary: This study explores the potential of layered boride materials (MoAlB and Mo2AlB2) as high-performance electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). It is found that Mo2AlB2 exhibits a higher specific capacity than MoAlB in LIBs, achieving a specific capacity of 593 mAh g(-1) after 500 cycles at 200 mA g(-1). Surface redox reactions are identified as the key mechanism for Li storage in Mo2AlB2. Additionally, sodium hydroxide treatment of MoAlB leads to a porous morphology and higher specific capacities in SIBs, with Mo2AlB2 exhibiting a specific capacity of 150 mAh g(-1) at 20 mA g(-1). These findings suggest the potential of layered borides as electrode materials for both LIBs and SIBs, emphasizing the importance of surface redox reactions in Li storage mechanisms.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Miaomiao Jiang, Yuanyuan Ma, Junliang Chen, Wan Jiang, Jianping Yang
Summary: The exploration of electrode materials has a crucial impact on the development of lithium-ion batteries, with challenges in conductivity and volume change hindering commercial application. Carbon-matrix composite anodes have been identified as an effective strategy, with recent advances focusing on regulating carbon distribution. This review provides insights into future trends in carbon-matrix electrode design for LIBs.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Emilia Olsson, Jiale Yu, Haiyan Zhang, Hui-Ming Cheng, Qiong Cai
Summary: The development and optimization of high-performance anode materials for alkali metal ion batteries is crucial for the green energy evolution. Atomic scale computational modeling provides an efficient and innovative tool for materials design, and this review gives an overview of different anode classes and how atomic scale modeling is used to optimize these materials.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Henry Adenusi, Gregory A. A. Chass, Stefano Passerini, Kun V. V. Tian, Guanhua Chen
Summary: Interfacial dynamics in chemical systems have important implications for the optimization of electrochemical energy storage materials and devices. Understanding fundamental electrochemistry at interfaces can also shed light on relevant phenomena in various systems. This review focuses on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium-ion batteries, summarizing its formation, composition, dynamic structure, and reaction mechanisms. Additionally, the influence of electrolyte and electrode materials on SEI structure and properties is discussed, along with state-of-the-art approaches to characterizing the SEI.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Hassan Ataalite, Moloudi Dardouri, Abdellatif Hasnaoui, Khalid Sbiaai
Summary: In this study, a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the 3D electrodeposition of Ag metal on Ag cathode surface under galvanostatic conditions with different substrate temperatures and current densities. The deposition and diffusion processes were considered, and the interatomic interactions were described using the embedded atomic method (EAM) framework. The results showed that the surface roughness increased with the number of deposited atoms and current density, but decreased with substrate temperature. The behavior of surface roughness was found to be related to the distribution of clusters and islands.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Maymoun, S. Oukahou, A. Elomrani, M. Lamhani, Y. Bahou
Summary: In this study, the effect of surface functionalization with hydrogen, fluorine, and chlorine atoms on the electronic and optic properties of the penta-siligraphene monolayer was theoretically investigated using density functional theory. It was found that the hydrogenated p-Si2C4 monolayer is stable and exhibits semiconductor behavior, with its bandgap depending on the functional used.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Youssef Ouldhnini, Achraf Atila, Said Ouaskit, Abdellatif Hasnaoui
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of density on the dynamics of atoms in bioactive glasses using molecular dynamics simulations. The study finds that the mobility of modifiers, especially sodium, is significantly affected by the increase in density. The complex dynamic behavior of the glass can be understood by evaluating network connectivity and pair-excess entropy.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Haouas, L. El Atouani, K. Sbiaai, A. Hasnaoui
Summary: Using molecular dynamics simulations, the study found that gold nanoparticles tend to be most stable on the (111) facet, while iron nanoparticles showed higher stability on the (110) facet. Based on surface energy criterion, specific morphologies of iron nanoparticles were determined.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Said Oukahou, Mohammad Maymoun, Abdelali Elomrani, Khalid Sbiaai, Abdellatif Hasnaoui
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Ni-Fe codoping on the structural, electronic, kinetic properties, and electrical conductivity of LiMnPO4. The results show that Ni-Fe codoping improves the electronic conductivity and ionic conductivity of LiMnPO4, making it a potential cathode material for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Mohammed Lamhani, Zakaria Chchiyai, Abdelali Elomrani, Bouchaib Manoun, Abdellatif Hasnaoui
Summary: Through experimental characterization and DFT calculations, we found that cobalt doping can enhance the photocatalytic activity of SrTiO3 and improve the efficiency of hydrogen production via water splitting. The doped samples showed a wider absorption range in the visible region and more suitable band edge positions for water splitting. Therefore, cobalt-doped SrTiO3 exhibits good photocatalytic activity and can be used as a suitable material for hydrogen production.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Abdelali Elomrani, Mohammad Maymoun, Said Oukahou, Mohammed Lamhani, Khalid Sbiaai, Abdellatif Hasnaoui
Summary: Researchers used density functional theory calculations to investigate honeycomb Boron Antimony (h-BSb) monolayer as a suitable anode material for sodium/magnesium/calcium ion batteries. h-BSb showed high adsorption energy, fast ion diffusion, metallic state upon adsorption, suitable voltage, low structural change, and good recovery after desorption for sodium and calcium ion batteries. Notably, h-BSb demonstrated a high capacity of 1213 mAh g-1 for sodium ion batteries, making it a potential anode material built from the heavy element antimony. The study also suggested four features, including a flat 2D morphology, metallic or small bandgap semiconductor, high surface reactivity, and appropriate pore size, for constructing high-capacity systems and recommended the chemical composition of heavy and light atomic elements for obtaining the desired pore size.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ahmed Fathi, Youness Khobbaizi, Sanaa Nabil, Anas Ardouz, Abdellatif Hasnaoui, Khalid Sbiaai
Summary: External radiotherapy is an efficient cancer treatment method that uses intense radiation to sterilize tumors while minimizing damage to healthy tissues and organs. Monte Carlo simulation is widely used in radiotherapy for accurate dose calculation. In this study, a 6 MV beam from the NovalisTxTM accelerator was modeled using the GATE/Geant4 v8.2 code, and simulation results were analyzed using the ROOT platform. The calculated dose distributions showed good agreement with measured values, indicating the accuracy of the simulation.
MATERIALS TODAY-PROCEEDINGS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
K. Sbiaai, H. Ataalite, M. Dardouri, A. Hasnaoui, A. Fathi
Summary: In this study, the homoepitaxial growth of silver metal is simulated using a kinetic Monte Carlo method. The effects of surface diffusion processes, the Schwoebel-Ehrlich mechanism, and substrate temperature and deposition rate on the growth mode and surface roughness are investigated in detail.
MATERIALS TODAY-PROCEEDINGS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mohammed Lamhani, Zakaria Chchiyai, Abdelali Elomrani, Bouchaib Manoun, Abdellatif Hasnaoui
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Sr-substitution at the Ca-site on the structural, magnetic, electronic, and electrical properties of CaMnO3 manganite perovskites. The introduction of Sr into the CaMnO3-delta matrix improves the power factor and reduces electrical resistivity.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ayoub Daouli, Etienne Paul Hessou, Hubert Monnier, Marie-Antoinette Dziurla, Abdellatif Hasnaoui, Guillaume Maurin, Michael Badawi
Summary: In this study, periodic density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the interaction between zeolites and NO, NO2, and water molecules. The results showed that zeolites containing Pt2+ and Pd2+ exhibited the best selective capturing performance, suggesting their potential application in removing NOx from diesel exhaust gas.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Achraf Atila, Youssef Ouldhnini, Said Ouaskit, Abdellatif Hasnaoui
Summary: Oxide glasses with fast degradation kinetics and tunable properties have been used in medical applications. Understanding the mixed alkali effect (MAE) in oxide glasses is crucial for controlling their properties. Previous bioactive glass designs were based on trial-and-error. This study uses molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the MAE in 45S5 glass and its effects on bioactivity and properties, providing insights into the short- and medium-range structure changes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Madeeha Riaz, Manahil Najam, Hina Imtiaz, Farooq Bashir, Tousif Hussain
Summary: This study focuses on the structural and biological analysis of Zn-Cu based biodegradable alloys for orthopedic applications. The results indicate that the alloys have good electrical conductivity and biocompatibility, with potential for promoting bone growth and healing process. Additionally, the alloys exhibit a low corrosion rate and improved corrosion resistance.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rijo Rajeev, Sk Safikul Islam, Anitha Varghese, Gurumurthy Hegde, Suryasarathi Bose
Summary: In this study, a facile and selective electrochemical sensor was developed for the sensing of guanosine. The sensor utilized a unique porous structure and ordered framework, enabling linear detection of guanosine concentration in the range of 0.123-720 μM under specific conditions.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rafael V. M. Freire, Dominique Celeste de A. Dias, Jose Yago Rodrigues Silva, Dayane Kelly Dias do Nascimento Santos, Larissa T. Jesus, Ricardo O. Freire, Severino A. Junior
Summary: This study reports the extraction and isolation of euphol from nature, its adsorption in nanosized ZIF-8, and the efficacy of this system against cancer cells. Experimental and simulation results show that ZIF-8 can enhance the effectiveness of euphol against cancer cells and selectively target cancer cells.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Manal A. Awad, Awatif A. Hendi, Maha M. Almoneef, Maymunah Alwehaibi, Khalid M. Ortashi, Wadha Alenazi, Fatimah S. Alfaifi, Shareefa Alahmariye, Asma Alangery, Warda Ali Alghoubiri, Haia Aldosari
Summary: In this study, magnesium-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. The research findings show that magnesium doping can alter the crystal structure and optical properties of zinc oxide, while enhancing its dielectric constant.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
F. J. Willars-Rodriguez, I. R. Chaverz-Urbiola, M. A. Hernandez-Landaverde, A. Zavala-Franco, E. A. Chavez-Urbiola, P. Vorobiev, Yu V. Vorobiev
Summary: This study focuses on manganese doped CdS thin films synthesized by chemical bath deposition. The incorporation of Mn2+ cations in CdS was found to influence the crystalline structure, morphology, and optoelectronic properties. Doped thin films exhibited a uniform hexagonal structure, changed growth orientation, and showed scale-like and needle-like morphologies. The bandgap and rectification speed of Schottky diodes were modified by introducing manganese. This study suggests the potential for affordable high-speed optoelectronic devices.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Javidi, Hooman Karimi Abadeh, Fatemeh Namazi, Hamid Reza Yazdanpanah, Narjes Shirvani Shiri
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic effect of temperature, solution velocity, and sulphuric acid concentration on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel using response surface methodology. The results showed that temperature affected anodic reactions, solution velocity influenced cathodic reactions, and acid concentration altered the corrosion mechanisms by changing the properties of the surface layer.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
R. Sakthivel, Thirumoorthy Kulandaivel, Kirankumar Venkatesan Savunthari, K. Mohanraj, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Aswin kumar Anbalagan, Manjunath Rangasamy, Kien-Voon Kong
Summary: In this study, saturated fatty acids were incorporated with silane to modify viscose fabric, resulting in superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties. The modified fabric showed excellent separation efficiency for oil and organic solvents, with high absorption capacity. The modified fabric also exhibited durability and retained its properties in harsh conditions.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Zhang, Hong Lei, Wenqing Liu, Zefang Zhang, Yi Chen, Xiaogang Hu, Xiangshan Ye
Summary: In this study, EDTA-grafted alumina composite abrasives were produced by a two-step process for the CMP of sapphire substrates. Experimental results showed that the modified abrasives exhibited better dispersion properties and significantly improved polishing efficiency, with higher material removal rates and lower surface roughness. The combination of chemical reaction and mechanical action enhanced the CMP performance.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shumaila Rafaqat, Bushra Perveen, Warda Raqba, Warda Imran, Arshad Hussain, Naeem Ali
Summary: This study developed a MnP-based biosensor for quantitative measurement of dye concentrations using electrochemical signals. The effects of two different dyes on MnP activity were investigated, with one dye showing inhibitory effects and the other dye having no effect. The study demonstrates the potential application of enzyme-based biosensors in dye detection and toxicological monitoring.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jinyan Shi, Oguzhan Yavuz Bayraktar, Baris Bayrak, Burak Bodur, Ali Oz, Gokhan Kaplan, Abdulkadir Cuneyt Aydin
Summary: The elemental composition of precursors is crucial for the performance development of geopolymers. The use of lime instead of metakaolin increases the fluidity and mechanical properties of geopolymers, while the addition of gypsum decreases them. Furthermore, higher lime content exacerbates the negative effect of gypsum.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Aayush Gupta, Kaveri Ajravat, Loveleen K. Brar, O. P. Pandey, Pandey Rajagopalan
Summary: This study focuses on the performance of Mn3O4-ZnO composite material in wastewater treatment and energy storage applications, and presents a detailed comparative analysis. Results show that the composite material with equal concentrations of Mn3O4 and ZnO exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity and high capacitance.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. Murugabalaji, Matruprasad Rout, Harsh Soni, Biranchi Narayan Sahoo
Summary: This study focuses on the corrosion characteristics of AA 7075 and AA 7075 based hybrid composite fabricated using stir casting and hot rolling techniques. The results show that the hybrid composite produced by hot cross rolling exhibits better corrosion resistance compared to the base metal. The addition of a small amount of graphite improves the bonding between the matrix and reinforcements, and the hot cross rolling enhances this bonding, leading to the formation of a strong passivation oxide layer and increased charge transfer resistance, thereby improving corrosion resistance.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fangkun Ning, Qinghao Shi, Shuping Kong, Weitao Jia, Lifeng Ma
Summary: The paper investigates a new method of rolling sheets with variable chamfering amounts in both the transversal and normal directions. The feasibility of the technological process was tested through simulation and compared with experimental results. Three important process parameters, temperature, stress, and flow velocity, were used to evaluate the effects on chamfering amount before determining the optimal angle. The spread formula for evaluating the shape quality of the plate after ECR was obtained through testing and theory.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Aqeel Abbas, M. A. Hussein, Mohamed Javid
Summary: In this study, the AM60 magnesium alloy was processed using high-energy ball milling, and the results showed that different reinforcement agents had certain effects on particle size, crystallite size, lattice strain, and dislocation density.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. S. Mahmoud, E. M. Eldesouki, W. M. Abd El-Gawad
Summary: The development of flexible and lightweight microwave-absorbing materials has become a trendy topic. This study focuses on enhancing the microwave-absorbing performance of butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber (NBR) by incorporating novel reinforcing nanofillers. The results show that the NBR nanocomposite with a loading of 16 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of LiFe 20%/Si has the best microwave-absorbing performance.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2024)
