Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Pabel Alberto Cardenas, Maximiliano Martinez, Marcelo Gustavo Molina, Pedro Enrique Mercado
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of control strategies for AC microgrids and presents a well-designed hierarchical control approach. It discusses centralized, decentralized, and distributed strategies for different control levels, highlighting their differences, advantages, disadvantages, and areas of application. Practical examples demonstrate the usefulness of different control strategies at different levels.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Xiaogang Wang, Hongdong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a power exponential function droop control strategy considering the state of charge, which allows ESU to adaptively adjust output power based on its SoC level, achieving superior performance compared to conventional droop control and power function droop control methods according to simulation results.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qingzhu Wan, Shuai Zheng
Summary: A distributed cooperative secondary control strategy is proposed in this paper to overcome the drawbacks of bus voltage deviation and current sharing accuracy degradation caused by conventional v-i droop control in the primary control of a DC microgrid. The strategy utilizes discrete consensus and data exchange among converters to dynamically track the output voltage and current, while introducing a consistency gain function to reduce the impact of communication noise on control accuracy.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shamsher Ansari, Aseem Chandel, Mohd Tariq
Summary: This paper proposes a fully distributed peer-to-peer (P2P) control strategy for prosumer-based islanded AC microgrid, which enables the prosumers to operate autonomously as producers or consumers. The scheme uses droop control with each distributed generator (DG) to balance local generation and demand, and employs gossip communication-based P2P control with each prosumer to restore voltage and frequency deviations across the microgrid.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hongyang Lai, Kang Xiong, Zhenyuan Zhang, Zhe Chen
Summary: This paper proposes a multi-objective optimization droop control strategy for microgrid inverters, which solves the problem of uneven reactive power distribution through deep reinforcement learning algorithm, and achieves dynamic optimal control strategy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rohit Nandi, Manoj Tripathy, Chandra Prakash Gupta
Summary: An AC microgrid with BESSs and PV systems faces uncertainties in power flow. The degradation of BESS's SoC affects the DC link voltage and inverter's output frequency. A droop control based on P-Δ droop characteristics is proposed to maintain frequency and power factor during battery discharging. The control scheme of BESS incorporates a consensus technique to balance the battery unit power contribution, and an adaptive changeover technique to maintain the DC link voltage. A decentralised control scheme is designed for PV systems and tested on a LV feeder using MATLAB simulation.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GRIDS & NETWORKS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mitra Nabian Dehaghani, Seyed Abbas Taher, Zahra Dehghani Arani
Summary: This article explores power control strategies in islanded hybrid AC/DC microgrids, including coordinated power control schemes for bidirectional converters and secondary control methods based on distributed cooperative control to achieve orderly power sharing and voltage regulation between AC and DC subgrids.
INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiancheng Zhang, Xinsheng Wang, Lingyu Ma
Summary: This paper proposes a finite-time distributed control approach to address the issues of reactive power sharing and slow convergence speed in microgrid control. By establishing a hierarchical control structure and introducing an adaptive virtual impedance module and a damping module, accurate control of power and voltage is achieved. Experimental results conducted in the Matlab simulation environment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
CSEE JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hongdong Wang, Xiaogang Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a distributed reactive power control strategy combined with an adaptive virtual reactance method for high-voltage microgrids. The strategy eliminates the need for line impedance estimation or a central controller, allowing each distributed generator to control reactive power using information from its neighbors, thus reducing communication costs and improving system reliability.
IET RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sandipan Patra, Malabika Basu
Summary: This article describes a seamless reconnection topology for power sharing between distant rural community microgrids (CMGs), which is based on a double-layered droop-controlled (DLDC) frequency restoration scheme. The DLDC-based approach can resolve the issue of power deficit in isolated CMGs and provide self-synchronization and appropriate power sharing.
IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
D. Govind, H. M. Suryawanshi, P. P. Nachankar, Chintalpudi L. Narayana, Ankit Singhal
Summary: With the advancement of power electronic converters, the integration of various energy sources with standalone networks or utility grids has become more feasible. This paper proposes an enhanced Master-Slave control scheme that addresses the shortcomings of earlier control schemes while inheriting their merits. The proposed scheme improves the steady-state response and allows for voltage and frequency regulation during load changes in standalone AC microgrids. The effectiveness of the control scheme is verified through real-time simulator and experimental results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Liu, Honghao You, Jianlin Li, Shanjin Kai, Liyong Yang
Summary: A new distributed secondary control scheme based on LADRC is proposed in this paper to improve current sharing accuracy in DC microgrid by compensating voltage and current with LADRC controllers. The performance of the proposed control scheme in the frequency domain is analyzed and the effectiveness of the method is verified through simulation and experimental results.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GRIDS & NETWORKS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Ariel Villalon, Carlos Munoz, Javier Munoz, Marco Rivera
Summary: In this paper, a fixed-switching-frequency modulated model predictive control (MPC-P-2) is proposed for a two-level three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) working in an islanded AC microgrid. The advantages of the proposed MPC-P-2 include rapid transient response, inherent stability, and fully decentralized operation. Simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Hongjun Wang, Wanfeng Li, Youjun Yue, Hui Zhao
Summary: This paper proposes a new double-layer droop control mode for island AC/DC microgrids to achieve autonomous and cost-effective operation. The combination of optimal power reference iterative algorithm and secondary frequency and voltage adjustments enables global economic operation of the microgrid, as well as voltage following and frequency regulation in the subnet.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Simon Eberlein, Krzysztof Rudion
Summary: This work introduces a unique method for sensitivity analysis, parameter tuning and optimization of grid-forming and grid-supporting droop controlled inverters in islanded microgrids. Results indicate that optimizing a wide range of parameters can drastically enhance stability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Dongxin Guo, Panbao Wang, Chunguang Ren, Josep M. Guerrero
Summary: In this article, the detailed steps for the derivation of linearized minimum current stress modulation scheme for single-phase bidirectional and isolated dual active bridge ac-dc converters is presented. A Lagrange multiplier method scheme is designed to reduce the current stress of the converter. Compared with the conventional scheme, the proposed scheme realizes linearization of power control, significantly reducing the complexity of the controller algorithm. Additionally, the synchronous inverter control applied to the back-stage full-bridge enables single stage power conversion and electrolytic capacitorless converter topology, promoting system reliability and power density improvement.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wael Al Hanaineh, Jose Matas, Jorge El Mariachet, Peilin Xie, Mostafa Bakkar, Josep. M. Guerrero
Summary: The rapid growth of distributed generators in distribution systems has brought new technical issues and challenges to fault protection. A proposed protection system based on the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid voltages combines THD with estimated amplitude voltages and zero-sequence components to detect, identify, and isolate faults in the grid using a finite state machine algorithm. Communication lines are used to coordinate protective devices and transmit tripping signals. Simulation results show that the proposed method has faster fault detection time and higher accuracy compared to a conventional differential relay protection system.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ning Yan, Guangchao Ma, Xiangjun Li, Josep M. M. Guerrero
Summary: To address the issues of excessive carbon emissions and environmental pollution caused by the current carbon trading policy, this paper proposes an integrated energy system (IES) optimal dispatching method that considers a seasonal carbon trading mechanism. By introducing a carbon flow equivalent to the electricity-gas-heat energy flow, the dynamic balance of the multi-energy flow in the IES is ensured through a multi-energy flow energy hub model. An optimized-stepped carbon trading mechanism is formulated to maintain internal carbon balance and limit carbon emissions, preventing the IES's annual carbon emissions from exceeding the standard. A seasonal carbon trading mechanism is also developed based on the energy supply demand of the IES in different seasons, optimizing dispatch while considering both carbon emissions and economics. The use of the optimized-stepped carbon price reduces costs by at least 14.50% and decreases carbon emissions by at least 2.54%. Under the same carbon emission quota, the IES's net benefit increases by 6.8%.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
V. P. Meena, U. K. Yadav, Akhilesh Mathur, V. P. Singh, Josep M. Guerrero, Baseem Khan
Summary: Decentralized generation is integrated into the distribution system to enhance reliability and economic stability while avoiding redundancy. This research proposes a hybrid Jaya-Luus-Jaakola algorithm for location and size selection of distributed generations in a distribution system with demand-side management. The algorithm combines Jaya and Luus-Jaakola algorithms to improve convergence rate. The objectives of minimizing power loss and voltage deviation, and maximizing voltage stability index are integrated into a single objective problem using weights. The proposed algorithm is applied to a photo-voltaic-based distributed generation in a 33-bus radial distribution system with a DSM scenario. Comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.
IET RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shanshan Zhang, Shaobing Yang, Qiujiang Liu, Bin Hu, Junting Zhang, Josep Guerrero
Summary: This paper explores the technical and economic feasibility of integrating ESS and RES in the flexible traction power supply system (FTPSS). A battery degradation model suitable for frequent charging and discharging conditions is derived. An operational-sizing co-optimization framework is developed for the ESS in the FTPSS, considering degradation costs varying with sizes and energy throughput. Comparative cases show that the proposed approach achieves approximately 10% higher economic benefits than existing bi-level sizing strategies for FTPSS.
IET RENEWABLE POWER GENERATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ila Rai, Anand Rajendran, Abderezak Lashab, Josep M. M. Guerrero
Summary: This paper proposes an adaptive controller for a DC microgrid, which utilizes a neuro-fuzzy inference system and CKF method to control the power of unstable loads. The controller can maintain stability and has a fast dynamic response and accurate tracking ability when the loads vary significantly.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ozgur Celik, Jalal Sahebkar Farkhani, Abderezak Lashab, Josep M. Guerrero, Juan C. Vasquez, Zhe Chen, Claus Leth Bak
Summary: The increasing penetration of distributed generation to power distribution networks has weaknesses in the protection systems. Machine learning techniques can be used to generate reliable and robust fault detection solutions. This paper proposes a non-pilot protection method based on a GMDH neural network for accurate fault detection.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiawei Zeng, Shunli Wang, Wen Cao, Mengyun Zhang, Carlos Fernandez, Josep M. M. Guerrero
Summary: Accurate state of charge (SOC) estimation is crucial for battery management systems (BMS). In this study, a high-precision fractional-order hysteresis-equivalent circuit model (FH-ECM) is established based on a precise battery model and the Grunwald-Letnikov (G-L) definition. The global parameters of the battery model are identified using a particle swarm algorithm optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA-PSO). A fractional-order adaptive unscented Kalman filter (FOAUKF) algorithm is derived to estimate the SOC of lithium-ion batteries. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed modeling method.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUIT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
J. Matas, S. Golestan, J. El Mariachet, S. Abdali, W. Al Hanaineh, J. M. Guerrero
Summary: This paper proposes an error-and-hold algorithm for the Second Order Generalized Integrator-Frequency Locked Loop (SOGI-FLL) to quickly detect faults and hold the estimated frequency during perturbations. The algorithm utilizes the absolute value of the SOGI's error, its average, and the average of the FLL's estimated frequency to reduce induced errors and improve the transient response of the FLL. It is a straightforward and low computational burden algorithm that can be executed on a low-cost processor, as validated through simulations and experimental results.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL POWER & ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kang Miao Tan, Jia Ying Yong, Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy, Muhamad Mansor, Jiashen Teh, Josep M. Guerrero
Summary: Leaders worldwide are committed to tackling climate change by adopting climate-related measures such as transportation electrification. However, the pace of electric vehicle (EV) adoption varies globally due to factors affecting social acceptance. This article analyzes the competitiveness of EVs based on market demands in different countries and proposes strategies to promote EV adoption and improve their competitiveness.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bo Long, Jiahao Zhang, Wenze Mao, Jose Rodriguez, Josep M. Guerrero, Kil To Chong
Summary: This study proposes a double closed-loop control scheme to solve the challenges faced by parallel T-type rectifiers in high-power applications, including zero-sequence circulating current elimination, neutral-point voltage balance, dc voltage stability, and power sharing. The proposed method combines impartial sequential model predictive control and adaptive droop control with voltage feedforward to achieve these objectives. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of this method over existing methods in several typical scenarios.
IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenfa Kang, Yajuan Guan, Fransisco Danang Wijaya, Elias Kondorura Bawan, Adam Priyo Perdana, Juan C. Vasquez, Josep M. Guerrero
Summary: Rural electrification, diesel generator replacement, and resilient electrification systems against natural disasters are important targets for Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) in Indonesia. Microgrids are seen as a popular and flexible solution to achieve these goals. This paper presents a resilience-oriented planning strategy for community microgrids in Lombok Island, Indonesia, using a mixed-integer linear program implemented in the DER-CAM model. The results show that placing photovoltaic arrays, battery energy storage systems, and diesel generators in multi-node community microgrids can lead to multiple benefits, including 100% rural electrification, cost savings of over 25%, and CO2 emission reduction of over 22% in multinode community microgrids.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Babak Arbab-Zavar, Saeed Golestan, Juan C. Vasquez, Josep M. Guerrero
Summary: This article addresses the issue of different communication systems needed for managing and controlling different types of microgrids by providing an overview of appropriate machine-to-machine links for each type. It also discusses the unique features, vulnerability to cyberattacks, and applicability of each microgrid type in different scenarios. The information presented in this article is valuable for researchers, engineers, and decision makers working on microgrid projects in various fields.
IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhuoli Zhao, Jindian Xie, Shaoqing Gong, Xi Luo, Yuewu Wang, Chun Sing Lai, Ping Yang, Loi Lei Lai, Josep M. Guerrero
Summary: Driven by rising energy demand and the goal of carbon neutrality, renewable energy generations (REGs), especially photovoltaic (PV) generations, are widely used in the urban power energy systems. However, the potential stability problem of intelligent control of microgrids (MG) cannot be ignored. This paper establishes a complete dynamic model of autonomous PV-based MG and proposes a distributed stabilization controller to enhance stability with strong robustness.
CSEE JOURNAL OF POWER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Abdelfattah A. Eladl, Samaa Fawzy, Elhossaini E. Abd-Raboh, Akram Elmitwally, Gibran Agundis-Tinajero, Josep M. Guerrero, Mohamed A. Hassan
Summary: Most countries are increasingly exploiting renewable energy resources, particularly wind power, for economic and environmental reasons. However, the high penetration of wind energy in modern electrical networks raises issues such as frequency variation, voltage instability, and transmission capacity limitations. To address these problems, strategies such as spilling wind power or adding dispatchable generation and storage systems have been proposed. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on the issue of wind power spillage (WPS) and discusses state-of-the-art solutions to minimize WPS while ensuring power system stability and security. The paper also explores real-world applications, challenges, and future trends in the field of WPS research.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2024)