Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mary Myla Andamon, Priyadarsini Rajagopalan, Jin Woo
Summary: This paper presents field measurements of CO2 concentration levels in classrooms in Victoria, Australia, showing insufficient ventilation and elevated CO2 levels. The study highlights the importance of improving classroom design, promoting proper ventilation practices, raising awareness of building ventilation in schools, and developing guidelines for ventilation and indoor air quality in schools.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Er Ding, Dadi Zhang, Philomena M. Bluyssen
Summary: Current ventilation systems in school classrooms may not effectively reduce the risk of airborne transmission of infectious aerosols, prompting the need for new health-based ventilation strategies. Personalized ventilation systems have shown potential in improving indoor air quality and reducing aerosol transmission, but further research is required to confirm their effectiveness in school classrooms.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Ge Song, Zhengtao Ai, Zhengxuan Liu, Guoqiang Zhang
Summary: This study comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the recent studies and common utilization forms of smart ventilation and personalized ventilation systems based on CO2 concentration control, providing guidance for reducing energy consumption and improving indoor thermal comfort.
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Xing Lu, Zhihong Pang, Yangyang Fu, Zheng O'Neill
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of the revolutions of CO2-based DCV in commercial buildings, focusing on trends and fundamental updates, particularly the correlation between indoor CO2 concentration and ventilation demands.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ki Uhn Ahn, Deuk-Woo Kim, Kyungjoo Cho, Dongwoo Cho, Hyun Mi Cho, Chang-U Chae
Summary: A hybrid model was developed to forecast indoor CO2 concentration levels by controlling ventilation rates, showing better performance than the stand-alone mass balance equation on experimental data.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kyungjoo Cho, Dongwoo Cho, Taeyeon Kim
Summary: Korean law mandates at least three levels of control for apartment ventilation systems, with a minimum of 0.5 air changes per hour. The study found that maintaining a CO2 concentration of 1000 ppm or less is challenging with closed doors, indicating the need for ventilation systems to provide different air volumes for each room.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Guangfei Yang, Erbiao Yuan, Wenjun Wu
Summary: This study introduces the BO-EMD-LSTM method, which can predict long-term CO2 concentrations in classrooms with high accuracy and prediction capability, aiding decision-makers in implementing CO2 control measures.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alessia Di Gilio, Jolanda Palmisani, Manuela Pulimeno, Fabio Cerino, Mirko Cacace, Alessandro Miani, Gianluigi de Gennaro
Summary: The study aimed to assess the risk inside schools by monitoring CO2 levels, finding that implementing detailed ventilation protocols and real-time monitoring of CO2 concentrations can improve air quality in classrooms and reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Rafael Fayos-Jordan, Jaume Segura-Garcia, Antonio Soriano-Asensi, Santiago Felici-Castell, Jose M. Felisi, Jose M. Alcaraz-Calero
Summary: This study introduces a low-cost IoT monitoring system for indoor ventilation control, measuring CO2, temperature and humidity. The system shows good performance in terms of functionality and battery durability compared to more expensive measuring devices.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qingfeng Cao, Thomas H. Kuehn, Seong Chan Kim, Qisheng Ou, Chenxing Pei, David Y. H. Pui
Summary: This study developed an analytical model to predict the aerosol number concentration decay in modern classrooms, considering various indoor factors. Experimental measurements were conducted to validate the model, and it has been incorporated into a web-based software for public use.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Elvire Katramiz, Nesreen Ghaddar, Kamel Ghali
Summary: This study investigates the performance of a novel chair-ventilation design in a classroom and finds that it can protect students from cross-contamination. Through computational fluid dynamics modeling and experiments, it is discovered that the chair system can reduce students' exposure level through dilution and shielding effects.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chiara Romano, Domenico Formica, Emiliano Schena, Carlo Massaroni
Summary: This study investigates the influence of sensor placement for cardiorespiratory monitoring using inertial measurement units (IMUs). Triaxial accelerometer data was collected from 15 healthy volunteers in different postures, and the most informative axis and sensor position were determined. The general-purpose configuration allows accurate estimation of respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR), while the posture-dependent configuration improves RR estimation, especially during walking and standing.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Gerhard K. Rencken, Emma K. Rutherford, Nikhilesh Ghanta, John Kongoletos, Leon Glicksman
Summary: Recent studies have shown that long-range spread of aerosols, specifically bio-aerosols, is responsible for infections in public spaces. Through computational fluid dynamics and experimental results, the distribution of aerosol concentration in a classroom under different ventilation conditions was explored and compared with well-mixed assumptions. Ventilation systems such as ceiling diffusers and open windows can significantly impact aerosol concentration levels at breathing height in indoor spaces.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Kazuki Kuga, Kazuhide Ito, Pawel Wargocki
Summary: This study investigated the impact of background CO2 concentration and indoor temperature on the rate of CO2 emission. Results indicated a higher CO2 emission rate at higher temperature levels and a lower emission rate with increased background CO2 concentrations. Further physiological measurements are needed to fully explain these findings.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ibrahim Reda, Raouf N. AbdelMessih, Mohamed Steit, Ehab M. Mina
Summary: The study found that cross-ventilation can achieve thermal comfort within a suitable range of ambient temperature, while single-side ventilation performs poorly. The DISO scenario with double-inlet single-outlet ventilation can achieve a lower temperature difference, and is suitable for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Philomena M. Bluyssen, Dadi Zhang, Marco Ortiz
Summary: This study investigated the multifactorial nature of rhinitis and headaches among students from universities in different cities, finding associations between building-related factors and health issues. The identified risk factors seemed to be independent of season or climate region, highlighting the importance of both environmental and personal factors in addressing health and comfort in homes.
INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Er Ding, Dadi Zhang, Philomena M. Bluyssen
Summary: Current ventilation systems in school classrooms may not effectively reduce the risk of airborne transmission of infectious aerosols, prompting the need for new health-based ventilation strategies. Personalized ventilation systems have shown potential in improving indoor air quality and reducing aerosol transmission, but further research is required to confirm their effectiveness in school classrooms.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Acoustics
Amneh Hamida, Dadi Zhang, Marco A. Ortiz, Philomena M. Bluyssen
Summary: Students in educational buildings have individual acoustical preferences and needs, but current acoustical guidelines for educational buildings mainly focus on dose-related and building-related indicators, while occupant-related indicators are rarely considered. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of relevant indicators and methods in the field of indoor acoustics and soundscape to investigate students' acoustical preferences and needs in educational buildings.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Philomena M. Bluyssen, Dadi Zhang, Marco Ortiz
Summary: Recent studies have found that both personal and building-related factors can impact the health and comfort of occupants in their homes, and people may respond differently to these factors. This study used a large database from a survey conducted among first-year students at Delft University of Technology to explore the associations between self-reported symptoms and the indoor environment of their homes. The results showed three distinct clusters of students based on their perceptions of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and these clusters had different risk factors contributing to symptoms.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Er Ding, Dadi Zhang, Amneh Hamida, Clara Garcia-Sanchez, Lotte Jonker, Annemarijn R. de Boer, Patricia C. J. L. Bruijning, Kimberly J. Linde, Inge M. Wouters, Philomena M. Bluyssen
Summary: This study in the Netherlands investigated the effects of COVID-19 measures on ventilation and thermal conditions in classrooms. It found that post-lockdown, indoor CO2 concentration decreased significantly and ventilation rates mainly increased due to reduced occupancy. However, overall ventilation rates did not change significantly and thermal conditions were still unsatisfactory.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Huiying Cynthia Hou, Dadi Zhang, Joseph H. K. Lai
Summary: This study investigates the indoor built environment (IBE) of a Dutch modular student housing by integrating IBE performance data and occupants' perception. The study finds that thermal quality and indoor air quality (IAQ) are critical factors, and that room orientation and occupant behavior have significant impacts on IBE. The methodology developed in this study can be applied to enhance the design and management of modular student housing in the future.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Dadi Zhang, Marco A. Ortiz, Philomena M. Bluyssen
Summary: Due to COVID-19, the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in sports facilities has become a concern for environmental health practitioners. To understand the available guidelines, standards, and studies on IEQ in sports facilities, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. The study aimed to identify indicators used to assess IEQ, particularly indoor air, and gaps in knowledge regarding the safety, health, and comfort of sports facilities. The findings reveal a focus on dose-related indicators in current standards and previous investigations, with little consideration for building-related and occupant-related indicators. More research is recommended to develop future standards considering various IEQ factors in sports facilities.
INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Ling -Tim Wong, Miu Ting Chan, Dadi Zhang, Kwok-Wai Mui
Summary: Since COVID-19 outbreak, online learning has gained more attention. However, the physical environment where online learning takes place, such as students' homes, is seldom studied. To explore the impact of thermal conditions in the online learning environment on students' comfort and performance, an experiment was conducted. Results showed a positive correlation between participants' thermal sensation and their skin temperature as well as the operative temperature in the apartment. In addition, an inverted U-shape relationship was found between participants' perceived performance and their thermal sensation/skin temperature/operative temperature.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ling-Tim Wong, Chun-San Chan, Kwok-Wai Mui, Dadi Zhang
Summary: Previous studies have shown the potential for energy and water savings in residential showering facilities, but the potential of public showering places with multiple showerheads has been overlooked. This study measured water flow rate in a swimming pool to understand water-use patterns. The results showed the need for an appropriately sized water tank to improve stability and efficiency in water supply systems. However, further field studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dadi Zhang, Kwok-Wai Mui, Ling-Tim Wong
Summary: In the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in research on indoor environmental quality (IEQ) assessment due to advances in data collection and analytical techniques. This study examines and summarizes the IEQ models proposed in the literature from 2001 to 2022, identifying ten key questions related to indicator selection, data collection, analysis methods, interpretation, and implication. The answers to these questions provide practical instructions for the development of an improved, standardized, and repeatable IEQ assessment model.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Dadi Zhang, Kwok-Wai Mui, Ling-Tim Wong
Summary: Despite an increased awareness about energy conservation, the energy consumed for water heating in Hong Kong has actually increased by 7% from 2008 to 2018. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between occupants' behavior and energy consumption during showering, and a mathematical model was developed for this purpose. The findings suggest that water flow rate and ventilation rate are the most and least influential variables, respectively, in energy saving.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
L. Jonker, K. J. Linde, A. R. de Boer, E. Ding, D. Zhang, M. L. A. de Hoog, S. Herfst, D. J. J. Heederik, P. L. A. Fraaij, P. M. Bluyssen, I. M. Wouters, P. C. J. L. Bruijning-Verhagen
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 measures on SARS-CoV-2 incidence in secondary schools and its association with classroom CO2 concentration and airborne contamination. The findings showed that school-initiated COVID-19 measures had no additional effect on the incidence rate. Furthermore, the study found that the incidence rate decreased during the national lockdown and post-lockdown periods compared to the pre-lockdown period.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Seyyed Abbas Noorian Najafabadi, Er Ding, Nadine Hobeika, Philomena M. Bluyssen
Summary: Indoor air quality is crucial for human health and well-being, and wool carpets can potentially clean the air of odours in small-scale environments. However, the effectiveness is less conclusive in larger-scale scenarios.
INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)