Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shiyuan Fan, Xin Xiang, Jing Sheng, Yunjie Gu, Huan Yang, Wuhua Gae Li, Xiangning He, Tim C. Green
Summary: This article extends the inherent balance concept previously shown for square-wave modulation to a multilevel version for MMDCs. By introducing a switching duty matrix, the inherent voltage balance is ensured. The study develops a generalized coprime criterion based on circulant matrix theory and verifies the effectiveness of the proposed circulant modulation through simulations and experiments in achieving SM voltage balance in an MMDC.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mohd Shadab Ansari, Anshuman Shukla, Himanshu J. Bahirat
Summary: This article introduces the extended overlap modulation technique in MMDC to reduce the need for dc-link filters. The change in overlap angle affects the conduction states, component sizing, harmonic spectrum, and other converter parameters. Simulation and analytical studies analyze the effect of change in overlap duration on the size of submodule capacitor and dc-link filter. A single-stage three-phase MMC experimental setup is built to verify the converter operation in both SO and EO modulations.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Gengzhe Zheng, Yu Chen, Yong Kang
Summary: The proposed method achieves zero-voltage switching and zero-current switching in a compact dc-dc modular multilevel converter through trapezoidal current modulation and the introduction of D-L circuits, without the need for sensors and sorting algorithms.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Philippe A. Gray, Peter W. Lehn
Summary: The CS-MMC is a new type of modular multilevel dc-dc converter that uses voltage-source submodule cells and a current-source submodule, addressing limitations of previous continuous conduction mode operation. By operating in discontinuous conduction mode and using VSM capacitor voltage ripple to determine DCM, the efficiency of the converter is improved.
IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Youngjong Ko, Anatolii Tcai, Marco Liserre
Summary: This paper proposes a modulation based voltage balancing algorithm for extending and improving the voltage balancing control capability of CHB converters.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhengxuan Li, Bojin Tang, Qiang Song, Lifeng Gou, Biao Zhao, Na Jia, Fang Cai
Summary: A unidirectional-current clamp-double submodule (UC-CDSM) is proposed in this study, which combines two unidirectional-current full-bridge SMs (UC-FBSMs) using a shared switching device. The sharing design reduces the number of switching devices in the UC-CDSM-based MMC (UC-CD-MMC) by 25% compared to the UC-FBSM-based MMC. The UC-CD-MMC retains several advantages, such as low capacitor usage, dc fault clearing capability, and wide-range dc voltage adjustability.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sangoh Kim, Junseong Cho, Jong-Woo Kim, Minsung Kim, Byeongcheol Han
Summary: This article proposes a triple-mode resonant converter that can operate over a wide input voltage range for renewable energy harvesting applications. The converter operates in different modes depending on the input voltage, allowing for efficient power conversion. The use of asymmetric modulation and an asymmetric half-bridge-type voltage-doubler contributes to higher power conversion efficiency and power density. A prototype is presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed converter.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qiang Yu, Fujin Deng, Chengkai Liu, Zheng Wang, Binbin Li, Frede Blaabjerg
Summary: This article analyzes the high-frequency current ripple in the dc link of MMCs under 2N+1 SUPWM and proposes a control method to reduce the dc-link current ripple, which effectively improves the performance of the MMC.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Weiyao Wang, Ke Ma, Xu Cai
Summary: This article investigates the voltage balancing for floating capacitors in the modular multilevel converter (MMC) under carrier-phase-shift pulsewidth modulation (CPS-PWM), proposing a novel balancing method with high efficiency and easy design/realization, after theoretically revealing and solving the disturbance and unbalance mechanisms of capacitor voltages.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pablo Montero-Robina, Abraham Marquez, Mohamed S. A. Dahidah, Sergio Vazquez, Jose Leon, Georgios Konstantinou, Leopoldo G. Franquelo
Summary: This article investigates the performance issue of modular multilevel converters in medium- and high-voltage applications, and finds that ignoring the capacitor voltage differences among submodules adversely affects the system performance. Accordingly, a more accurate feedforward modulation approach is proposed to improve current distortion and control performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shujun Mu, Zhiqiang Guo, Yong Luo
Summary: This article presents a modulation scheme to suppress the transient dc bias current in dual active bridge converters, and its effectiveness is verified through experiments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Haozhe Jin, Wu Chen, Yeyuan Xie, Liangcai Shu, Yutao Xu
Summary: This article proposes an optimized asymmetric trapezoidal wave (ATW) modulation scheme for a modular multilevel resonant dc/dc converter (MMRDC) to reduce current stress over wide load and voltage ranges. The optimized operating point of MMRDC is derived based on the soft switching characteristic and reactive current analysis, considering low current stress and zero voltage switching constraint. The experimental results on a 4 kW MMRDC prototype verify the correctness and effectiveness of the analysis and the optimized ATW modulation scheme.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yang Xu, Zheng Wang, Yinzhen Shen, Zhixiang Zou, Fujin Deng
Summary: This article proposes an optimized space vector modulation method for the isolated three-phase matrix-type AC/DC converter, which effectively utilizes the bidirectional power switch's four-quadrant operation ability. The method eliminates the primary-side transformer current during zero current vectors without additional switching actions, reducing the conduction loss and improving efficiency. It also avoids shoot-through operation and effectively mitigates common-mode voltage in the matrix converter. The modulation strategy maintains the zero current vector and avoids DC-bias current and high-frequency transformer saturation through closed-loop control based on secondary-side current measurement.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Rafael Felipe Van Kan, Eloi Agostini
Summary: This article introduces an isolated soft-switching dc-dc converter based on the t-type commutation cell and employing capacitive output filter. It proposes a hybrid switching strategy and details the energy transfer process and static model. Laboratory tests validate the feasibility of the proposed circuit and theoretical analysis.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xibo Yuan
Summary: The letter introduces a voltage-source generalized multilevel converter topology, which can derive most known topologies and generate new ones. It helps understand complex converter topologies and determine device voltage requirements.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Claudio Burgos-Mellado, Felipe Donoso, Tomislav Dragicevic, Roberto Cardenas-Dobson, Patrick Wheeler, Jon Clare, Alan Watson
Summary: This article investigates the impacts of cyberattacks on distributed control schemes used in MMCs and proposes methods for detecting and countering them to ensure system security.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
German Pizarro, Pablo Poblete, Gabriel Droguett, Javier Pereda, Felipe Nunez
Summary: This article presents a technique based on Kalman filtering for estimating the capacitor voltage and converter current of modular multilevel converters (MMCs). The proposed approach operates in both open and closed-loop and eliminates the need for voltage sensors per submodule, reducing complexity and costs.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Sebastian Neira, Zoe Blatsi, Paul D. D. Judge, Michael M. C. Merlin, Javier Pereda
Summary: In this paper, the integration of partially rated energy storage systems (ESS) into modular multilevel converter (MMC) substations using parallel branches to the arm inductors is presented. The proposed ESS-MMC topology does not modify the original MMC design but adds partially rated ESS with electrical connections outside the valve hall. The system utilizes another frequency component in the arm circulating current to exchange power between the energy storage branches and the original MMC stacks. Control algorithms are developed to maximize the power flow capabilities from the ESS while maintaining operational limits.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Erwin Rute-Luengo, Alex Navas-Fonseca, Juan S. Gomez, Enrique Espina, Claudio Burgos-Mellado, Doris Saez, Mark Sumner, Diego Munoz-Carpintero
Summary: This article presents a novel scheme based on distributed model-based predictive control for the secondary level control of hybrid ac/dc microgrids. The scheme proposes prediction models based on droop control and power-transfer equations to characterize the generators in both the ac and dc sub-MGs, and power balance constraints are used to predict the behavior of interlinking converters. The proposed scheme is validated through experimental results in various scenarios, including load changes, frequency and voltage regulation, and communication malfunction.
IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jonathan Andres Basantes, Daniela Estefania Paredes, Jacqueline Rosario Llanos, Diego Edmundo Ortiz, Claudio Danilo Burgos
Summary: Microgrids are seen as a viable solution for providing energy to isolated communities through distributed generation, making control and optimal management vital. This research presents a three-level control design and simulation for a DC microgrid, proposing an Energy Management System (EMS) based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) to ensure optimal energy dispatch and extend the lifespan of the battery energy storage system (BESS). The EMS is capable of responding to disturbances in lower control levels. The microgrid's performance is analyzed under different scenarios without and with EMS, considering changes in irradiation and electricity demand, evaluating power balance and operating cost.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zain Hassan, Alan J. Watson, Francesco Tardelli, Jon Clare
Summary: The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become the industry standard for high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications due to its scalability, modularity, high efficiency, and better output quality. A switched mid-point modular multilevel converter (SMPC) is introduced in this paper as an alternative topology to reduce energy storage while maintaining the benefits of the MMC. The SMPC achieves significant energy storage reduction (around 50%) compared to the MMC, and the DC-side does not require additional filtering for distortion. However, it requires more switches and slightly lower efficiency.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Claudio Burgos-Mellado, Claudio Zuniga-Bauerle, Diego Munoz-Carpintero, Yeiner Arias-Esquivel, Roberto Cardenas-Dobson, Tomislav Dragicevic, Felipe Donoso, Alan Watson
Summary: Implementing control schemes for Modular Multilevel Converters (M2Cs) involves cyber and physical aspects, resulting in a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). This article focuses on False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) on M2Cs, where the control system receives corrupted data due to illegitimate intrusions. It proposes a reinforcement learning-based method to expose the deficiencies of existing FDIA detectors and provides valuable information to enhance the detectors' performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Anant Kumar Verma, Hafiz Ahmed, Claudio Burgos-Mellado, Diego Muonoz-Carpintero, Pedro Roncero-Sanchez
Summary: This article investigates robust amplitude detectors suitable for atomic force microscopy (AFM) while discussing better alternatives. Two efficient approaches leveraging Lyapunov's theory for noise suppression and DC-offset rejection are suggested, and an enhanced two samples-based Lyapunov's demodulation approach is proposed for rapid amplitude detection.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Rodrigo Cuzmar, Andres Montenegro, Andres Mora, Javier Pereda, Ricardo P. Aguilera
Summary: This article presents a circulating current reference generator based on a constrained model predictive control approach for balancing the intercluster capacitor voltage in modular multilevel matrix converters. The proposed strategy has been validated through experimental results, demonstrating its effectiveness and high-quality performance.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Cristobal Gallardo, Claudio Burgos-Mellado, Diego Munoz-Carpintero, Yeiner Arias-Esquivel, Anant Kumar Verma, Alex Navas-Fonseca, Roberto Cardenas-Dobson, Tomislav Dragicevic
Summary: This article proposes an FDIA detector based on the reinforcement learning technique to detect sophisticated FDIAs targeting the MMC control system. The performance of the proposed RL-based FDIA detector is verified via hardware-in-the-loop studies, showing its effectiveness in detecting sophisticated attack sequences affecting the MMC control system.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Francisco Rubio, Javier Pereda, Felix Rojas, Pablo Poblete
Summary: This article proposes a control strategy for parallelized Modular Multilevel Converter (M2C) with partially rated storage system, allowing flexible operation and power sharing between batteries and the grid in electric vehicle charging stations.
2022 IEEE 7TH SOUTHERN POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, SPEC
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Energy & Fuels
Tomas Salvadores, Javier Pereda, Pablo Poblete
Summary: This paper proposes a method to control the powers of each MMC cluster during low ac voltage operation by using high-frequency circulating currents, which performs better in electric vehicle applications compared to the current methods.
2022 IEEE 7TH SOUTHERN POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE, SPEC
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Diego T. Rodrigues, Helmo K. Morales Paredes, Claudio Burgos-Mellado, Rogerio Lucio Lima, Jakson P. Bonaldo
Summary: This paper proposes a novel secondary control system based on the Consensus algorithm to balance the RMS current between the distributed generation phases in an isolated four-wire Microgrid. The control strategy regulates voltage magnitude using droop control per phase and achieves harmonic current sharing using the virtual impedance concept. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Aerospace
Claudio Burgos-Mellado, Felipe Donoso, Tomislav Dragicevic
Summary: This paper proposes a three-phase AC battery based on the MMC, achieving modularization in both control and computing capacities for battery cells, while investigating the impact of cyber attacks, particularly false data injection attacks, on SoC regulation.
2022 IEEE/AIAA TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION CONFERENCE AND ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGIES SYMPOSIUM (ITEC+EATS 2022)
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Felix Rojas, Roberto Cardenas, Claudio Burgos-Mellado, Enrique Espina, Javier Pereda, Cristian Pineda, David Arancibia, Matias Diaz
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art of four-leg converters, including converter topologies, control methods, modulation strategies, and output filters. Based on a selection of over 400 papers, this review analyzes characteristics, implementation issues, advantages, and disadvantages of various aspects of four-leg converters, and discusses important applications in different fields. The paper also highlights future research directions and concludes with key findings.
