The putative roles of FSH and AMH in the regulation of oocyte developmental competence: from fertility prognosis to mechanisms underlying age-related subfertility

Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling uncouples germ cells from the somatic follicular compartment at ovulation

(2021) Laleh Abbassi et al.   Nature Communications

Role of Lipid Metabolism and Signaling in Mammalian Oocyte Maturation, Quality, and Acquisition of Competence

(2021) Ranjha Khan et al.   Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Challenges in Measuring AMH in the Clinical Setting

(2021) Hang Wun Raymond Li et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Genome-wide analysis reveals a switch in the translational program upon oocyte meiotic resumption

(2020) Xuan G Luong et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

NAD+ Repletion Rescues Female Fertility during Reproductive Aging

(2020) Michael J. Bertoldo et al.   Cell Reports

Mild ovarian stimulation for IVF is the smartest way forward

(2020) G Nargund et al.   REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE

Mild versus conventional ovarian stimulation for IVF in poor responders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

(2020) Adrija Kumar Datta et al.   REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE

WAVE1 and WAVE2 have distinct and overlapping roles in controlling actin assembly at the leading edge

(2020) Qing Tang et al.   MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL

OOCYTE SECRETED FACTORS REGULATE AND mRNA LEVELS IN CUMULUS CELLS

(2020) Jose Buratini et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Mild stimulation should be mandatory for oocyte donation

(2020) Guido Pennings   HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Metabolic co-dependence of the oocyte and cumulus cells: essential role in determining oocyte developmental competence

(2020) Dulama Richani et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

Maternal age affects the relationship of basal FSH and AMH levels with post-ICSI/IVF live birth

(2020) Jose Buratini et al.   REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE

Advanced Maternal Age in IVF: Still a Challenge? The Present and the Future of Its Treatment

(2019) Filippo Maria Ubaldi et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Fibroblast growth factor 2 regulates cumulus differentiation under the control of the oocyte

(2019) Rodrigo G. Barros et al.   JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS

Mechanisms of FSH- and Amphiregulin-Induced MAP Kinase 3/1 Activation in Pig Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes During Maturation In Vitro

(2019) Radek Prochazka et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Low antimüllerian hormone (AMH) is associated with decreased live birth after in vitro fertilization when follicle-stimulating hormone and AMH are discordant

(2019) Sarah Ligon et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Molecular Mechanisms of Action of FSH

(2019) Livio Casarini et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentration and follicle density throughout reproductive life and in different diseases—implications in fertility preservation

(2019) J Liebenthron et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Actin-microtubule interplay coordinates spindle assembly in human oocytes

(2019) Johannes Roeles et al.   Nature Communications

Impact of oxidative stress on male and female germ cells: implications for fertility

(2019) R John Aitken   REPRODUCTION

Regulation of the meiotic divisions of mammalian oocytes and eggs

(2018) Jessica R. Sanders et al.   BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS

Reproductive failure in mice expressing transgenic follicle-stimulating hormone is not caused by loss of oocyte quality†

(2018) Dannielle H Upton et al.   BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION

Transcriptome analysis of granulosa cells after conventional vs long FSH-induced superstimulation in cattle

(2018) F. C. F. Dias et al.   BMC GENOMICS

Mammalian Oocytes Locally Remodel Follicular Architecture to Provide the Foundation for Germline-Soma Communication

(2018) Stephany El-Hayek et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Reproduction: Oocytes Call, Granulosa Cells Connect

(2018) John J. Eppig   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Sirtuins in gamete biology and reproductive physiology: emerging roles and therapeutic potential in female and male infertility

(2018) Carla Tatone et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

Acquisition of oocyte competence to develop as an embryo: integrated nuclear and cytoplasmic events

(2018) Marco Conti et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

Discordant anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF): which one is the better predictor for live birth?

(2018) Shunping Wang et al.   Journal of Ovarian Research

Impact of Maternal Age on Oocyte and Embryo Competence

(2018) Danilo Cimadomo et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Female age, serum antimüllerian hormone level, and number of oocytes affect the rate and number of euploid blastocysts in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles

(2017) Antonio La Marca et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Mild stimulation for in vitro fertilization

(2017) Geeta Nargund et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

An improved IVM method for cumulus-oocyte complexes from small follicles in polycystic ovary syndrome patients enhances oocyte competence and embryo yield

(2017) F. Sánchez et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Human female meiosis revised: new insights into the mechanisms of chromosome segregation and aneuploidies from advanced genomics and time-lapse imaging

(2017) Antonio Capalbo et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

The cumulative dose of gonadotropins used for controlled ovarian stimulation does not influence the odds of embryonic aneuploidy in patients with normal ovarian response

(2017) Lucky Sekhon et al.   JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS

cGMP signaling inhibits platelet shape change through regulation of the RhoA-Rho Kinase-MLC phosphatase signaling pathway

(2017) A. Aburima et al.   JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS

Age-related changes in luteal dynamics

(2017) Angela Baerwald et al.   MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY

Infertility and ovarian follicle reserve depletion are associated with dysregulation of the FSH and LH receptor density in human antral follicles

(2017) Sheena L.P. Regan et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Oxidative stress and male infertility

(2017) Shilpa Bisht et al.   Nature Reviews Urology

Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Increased Vulnerability of the Ageing Oocyte to Oxidative Damage

(2017) Bettina P. Mihalas et al.   Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

AMH/MIS as a contraceptive that protects the ovarian reserve during chemotherapy

(2017) Motohiro Kano et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Steroid hormones interact with natriuretic peptide C to delay nuclear maturation, to maintain oocyte?cumulus communication and to improve the quality of in vitro-produced embryos in cattle

(2017) Ana Caroline S. Soares et al.   REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT

The myths surrounding mild stimulation in vitro fertilization (IVF)

(2017) Raoul Orvieto et al.   Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

Ovarian stimulation protocols for IVF: is more better than less?

(2017) Michael M. Alper et al.   REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE

The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal contributes to oxidative stress-mediated deterioration of the ageing oocyte

(2017) Bettina P. Mihalas et al.   Scientific Reports

Cumulus Cell Transcripts Transit to the Bovine Oocyte in Preparation for Maturation1

(2016) Angus D. Macaulay et al.   BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION

Immature Oocytes from Unprimed Juvenile Mice Become a Valuable Source for Embryo Production When Using C-Type Natriuretic Peptide as Essential Component of Culture Medium

(2016) S. Romero et al.   BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION

FSH Regulates mRNA Translation in Mouse Oocytes and Promotes Developmental Competence

(2016) Federica Franciosi et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Regimen of ovarian stimulation affects oocyte and therefore embryo quality

(2016) Ernesto Bosch et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Anti-Müllerian hormone promotes pre-antral follicle growth, but inhibits antral follicle maturation and dominant follicle selection in primates

(2016) J. Xu et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Dynamic changes in mitochondrial distribution in human oocytes during meiotic maturation

(2016) Yuki Takahashi et al.   JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS

Meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in oocytes

(2016) Isma Bennabi et al.   JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY

β-arrestins regulate gonadotropin receptor-mediated cell proliferation and apoptosis by controlling different FSHR or LHCGR intracellular signaling in the hGL5 cell line

(2016) Livio Casarini et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Dynamic secretion during meiotic reentry integrates the function of the oocyte and cumulus cells

(2016) Hakan Cakmak et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Bidirectional communication between cumulus cells and the oocyte: Old hands and new players?

(2016) Darryl L. Russell et al.   THERIOGENOLOGY

Comparing four ovarian reserve markers - associations with ovarian response and live births after assisted reproduction

(2015) Thomas Brodin et al.   ACTA OBSTETRICIA ET GYNECOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA

Accumulation of Electrophilic Aldehydes During Postovulatory Aging of Mouse Oocytes Causes Reduced Fertility, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis1

(2015) Tessa Lord et al.   BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION

Gonadotropin dose is negatively correlated with live birth rate: analysis of more than 650,000 assisted reproductive technology cycles

(2015) Valerie L. Baker et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Associations Between Antral Ovarian Follicle Dynamics and Hormone Production Throughout the Menstrual Cycle as Women Age

(2015) Heidi Vanden Brink et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Characterization of FSH signalling networks in bovine cumulus cells: a perspective on oocyte competence acquisition

(2015) D.R. Khan et al.   MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Evidence that fibroblast growth factor 10 plays a role in follicle selection in cattle

(2015) A. C. S. Castilho et al.   REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT

DNA damage-induced metaphase I arrest is mediated by the spindle assembly checkpoint and maternal age

(2015) Petros Marangos et al.   Nature Communications

DNA damage induces a meiotic arrest in mouse oocytes mediated by the spindle assembly checkpoint

(2015) Josie K. Collins et al.   Nature Communications

Natriuretic Peptide Precursor C Delays Meiotic Resumption and Sustains Gap Junction-Mediated Communication in Bovine Cumulus-Enclosed Oocytes1

(2014) Federica Franciosi et al.   BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION

The Gametic Synapse: RNA Transfer to the Bovine Oocyte1

(2014) Angus D. Macaulay et al.   BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION

Kinetochore microtubule establishment is defective in oocytes from aged mice

(2014) Maria Shomper et al.   CELL CYCLE

Gonadotrophin stimulation for in vitro fertilization significantly alters the hormone milieu in follicular fluid: a comparative study between natural cycle IVF and conventional IVF

(2014) M. von Wolff et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION

The predictive accuracy of anti-Müllerian hormone for live birth after assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

(2014) Stamatina Iliodromiti et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

Anti-Müllerian hormone: ovarian reserve testing and its potential clinical implications

(2014) Simone L. Broer et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

Anti-Müllerian hormone levels as a predictor of the pregnancy rate in women of advanced reproductive age

(2014) Sezai Sahmay et al.   JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS

Establishment and validation of a model for non-luteinized human mural granulosa cell culture

(2014) L. Ophir et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Amphiregulin co-operates with bone morphogenetic protein 15 to increase bovine oocyte developmental competence: effects on gap junction-mediated metabolite supply

(2014) Satoshi Sugimura et al.   MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Follicle-stimulating hormone regulates expression and activity of epidermal growth factor receptor in the murine ovarian follicle

(2014) Stephany El-Hayek et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Effects of FGF10 on Bovine Oocyte Meiosis Progression, Apoptosis, Embryo Development and Relative Abundance of Developmentally Important GenesIn Vitro

(2014) RF Pomini Pinto et al.   REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS

WASH complex regulates Arp2/3 complex for actin-based polar body extrusion in mouse oocytes

(2014) Fei Wang et al.   Scientific Reports

cAMP signaling regulates platelet myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and shape change through targeting the RhoA-Rho kinase-MLC phosphatase signaling pathway

(2013) A. Aburima et al.   BLOOD

Histone variant H3.3 maintains a decondensed chromatin state essential for mouse preimplantation development

(2013) C.-J. Lin et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Molecular causes of aneuploidy in mammalian eggs

(2013) K. T. Jones et al.   DEVELOPMENT

Antimüllerian hormone inhibits follicle-stimulating hormone-induced adenylyl cyclase activation, aromatase expression, and estradiol production in human granulosa-lutein cells

(2013) Hsun-Ming Chang et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

The nature of aneuploidy with increasing age of the female partner: a review of 15,169 consecutive trophectoderm biopsies evaluated with comprehensive chromosomal screening

(2013) Jason M. Franasiak et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Oocyte ageing and its cellular basis

(2013) Ursula Eichenlaub-Ritter   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Antimüllerian Hormone Levels Are Strongly Associated With Live-Birth Rates After Assisted Reproduction

(2013) Thomas Brodin et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Age-related changes in major ovarian follicular wave dynamics during the human menstrual cycle

(2013) Heidi Vanden Brink et al.   MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY

Contributions of the actin cytoskeleton to the emergence of polarity during maturation in human oocytes

(2013) Giovanni Coticchio et al.   MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Which follicles make the most anti-Mullerian hormone in humans? Evidence for an abrupt decline in AMH production at the time of follicle selection

(2013) J. V. Jeppesen et al.   MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Somatic cells regulate maternal mRNA translation and developmental competence of mouse oocytes

(2013) Jing Chen et al.   NATURE CELL BIOLOGY

The road to maturation: somatic cell interaction and self-organization of the mammalian oocyte

(2013) Rong Li et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Bone morphogenetic protein 15 and fibroblast growth factor 10 enhance cumulus expansion, glucose uptake, and expression of genes in the ovulatory cascade during in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes

(2013) Ester S Caixeta et al.   REPRODUCTION

The Role of Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) During Follicle Development in a Monovulatory Species (Sheep)

(2012) Bruce K. Campbell et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Multiple meiotic errors caused by predivision of chromatids in women of advanced maternal age undergoing in vitro fertilisation

(2012) Alan H Handyside et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS

High frequency of discordance between antimüllerian hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in serum from estradiol-confirmed days 2 to 4 of the menstrual cycle from 5,354 women in U.S. fertility centers

(2012) Benjamin Leader et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Telomeres and human reproduction

(2012) Keri Horan Kalmbach et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Anti-Mullerian hormone: clairvoyance or crystal clear?

(2012) S. M. Nelson et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Moderate Ovarian Stimulation Does Not Increase the Incidence of Human Embryo Chromosomal Abnormalities inin VitroFertilization Cycles

(2012) Elena Labarta et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

LH-Receptor Gene Expression in Human Granulosa and Cumulus Cells from Antral and Preovulatory Follicles

(2012) Janni Vikkelsø Jeppesen et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Low numbers of ovarian follicles ≥3mm in diameter are associated with low fertility in dairy cows

(2012) F. Mossa et al.   JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

FGF10 inhibits dominant follicle growth and estradiol secretion in vivo in cattle

(2012) Bernardo G Gasperin et al.   REPRODUCTION

Signaling pathways regulating FSH- and amphiregulin-induced meiotic resumption and cumulus cell expansion in the pig

(2012) R Prochazka et al.   REPRODUCTION

Effects of FSH on the expression of receptors for oocyte-secreted factors and members of the EGF-like family during in vitro maturation in cattle

(2012) Ester Siqueira Caixeta et al.   REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT

Different serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations are associated with oocyte quality, embryo development parameters and IVF-ICSI outcomes

(2011) Tulay Irez et al.   ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS

Gap Junction-Mediated Communications Regulate Chromatin Remodeling During Bovine Oocyte Growth and Differentiation Through cAMP-Dependent Mechanism(s)1

(2011) Alberto M. Luciano et al.   BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION

Estradiol Promotes and Maintains Cumulus Cell Expression of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor 2 (NPR2) and Meiotic Arrest in Mouse OocytesIn Vitro

(2011) Meijia Zhang et al.   ENDOCRINOLOGY

Anti-Müllerian hormone reduces follicle sensitivity to follicle-stimulating hormone in human granulosa cells

(2011) Laura Pellatt et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Genome-wide analysis of translation reveals a critical role for deleted in azoospermia-like (Dazl) at the oocyte-to-zygote transition

(2011) J. Chen et al.   GENES & DEVELOPMENT

Association between the number of eggs and live birth in IVF treatment: an analysis of 400 135 treatment cycles

(2011) Sesh Kamal Sunkara et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Ovarian antral folliculogenesis during the human menstrual cycle: a review

(2011) Angela R. Baerwald et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

Novel signaling mechanisms in the ovary during oocyte maturation and ovulation

(2011) Marco Conti et al.   MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

The cytogenetics of polar bodies: insights into female meiosis and the diagnosis of aneuploidy

(2011) E. Fragouli et al.   MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Effect of epidermal growth factor-like peptides on pig cumulus cell expansion, oocyte maturation, and acquisition of developmental competence in vitro: comparison with gonadotropins

(2011) Radek Procházka et al.   REPRODUCTION

In vitro and in vivo regulation of follicular formation and activation in cattle

(2011) Joanne E. Fortune et al.   REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT

Mapping the follicle-stimulating hormone-induced signaling networks

(2011) Pauline Gloaguen   Frontiers in Endocrinology

Correlation of ovarian reserve tests with histologically determined primordial follicle number

(2010) Karl R. Hansen et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Redistribution of mitochondria leads to bursts of ATP production during spontaneous mouse oocyte maturation

(2010) Yuansong Yu et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY

Mitochondrial function in the human oocyte and embryo and their role in developmental competence

(2010) Jonathan Van Blerkom   MITOCHONDRION

Age related changes in mitochondrial function and new approaches to study redox regulation in mammalian oocytes in response to age or maturation conditions

(2010) U. Eichenlaub-Ritter et al.   MITOCHONDRION

Concentrations of anti-Mullerian hormone in fluid from small human antral follicles show a negative correlation with CYP19 mRNA expression in the corresponding granulosa cells

(2010) M. Eilso Nielsen et al.   MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Structural characterization of a capping protein interaction motif defines a family of actin filament regulators

(2010) Maria Hernandez-Valladares et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The pivotal role of glucose metabolism in determining oocyte developmental competence

(2010) Melanie L Sutton-McDowall et al.   REPRODUCTION

Discordances between follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in female infertility

(2010) Norbert Gleicher et al.   Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

Anti-Müllerian hormone-based prediction model for a live birth in assisted reproduction

(2010) A. La Marca et al.   REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE

Anti-Müllerian hormone remains highly expressed in human cumulus cells during the final stages of folliculogenesis

(2010) M.L. Grøndahl et al.   REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE

Granulosa Cell Ligand NPPC and Its Receptor NPR2 Maintain Meiotic Arrest in Mouse Oocytes

(2010) M. Zhang et al.   SCIENCE

FSH receptor, KL1/2, P450, and PAPP genes in granulosa-lutein cells from in vitro fertilization patients show a different expression pattern depending on the infertility diagnosis

(2009) Rebeca González-Fernández et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) as a predictive marker in assisted reproductive technology (ART)

(2009) A. La Marca et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

Cumulus cell contact during oocyte maturation in mice regulates meiotic spindle positioning and enhances developmental competence

(2009) Susan L. Barrett et al.   JOURNAL OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION AND GENETICS

Impact of female age and male infertility on ovarian reserve markers to predict outcome of assisted reproduction technology cycles

(2009) Tsung-Hsien Lee et al.   Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

Less is more: increased gonadotropin use for ovarian stimulation adversely influences clinical pregnancy and live birth after in vitro fertilization

(2008) Lubna Pal et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Correlation of antimüllerian hormone and baseline follicle-stimulating hormone levels

(2008) Tomer Singer et al.   FERTILITY AND STERILITY

Mild ovarian stimulation for IVF

(2008) M.F.G. Verberg et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

Oocyte-secreted factors: regulators of cumulus cell function and oocyte quality

(2008) Robert B. Gilchrist et al.   HUMAN REPRODUCTION UPDATE

Oocyte morphology and transcriptional silencing in relation to chromatin remodeling during the final phases of bovine oocyte growth

(2007) Valentina Lodde et al.   MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

Spindle formation, chromosome segregation and the spindle checkpoint in mammalian oocytes and susceptibility to meiotic error

(2007) E. Vogt et al.   MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS