Article
Neurosciences
Michael J. McKinley, Davide Martelli, Pedro Trevizan-Bau, Robin M. McAllen
Summary: This study investigates the efferent branches of the splanchnic sympathetic nerves that affect the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in the immune response. The results show that adrenal nerves regulate IL-10 levels through beta(2) adrenoreceptors, while sympathetic nerves to abdominal organs, particularly the spleen, restrain TNF levels through non-beta(2) adrenoreceptor mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Fernanda Brognara, Jaci Airton Castania, Aline Barbosa Ribeiro, Nilton Nascimento Santos-Junior, Helio Cesar Salgado
Summary: The activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex was able to reduce inflammation, lowering the levels of TNF in plasma and IL-6 in the spleen. These findings confirm the regulatory role of cardiovascular reflexes on the immune system.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Bart M. Tiemeijer, Sebastiaan Heester, Ashley Y. W. Sturtewagen, Anthal I. P. M. Smits, Jurjen Tel
Summary: In this study, we used a droplet approach to investigate single-cell macrophage activation and the impact of cellular communication on macrophage-mediated inflammatory homeostasis. We found that only a fraction of macrophages can produce IL-10 in addition to TNF alpha upon stimulation, and these cells are not phenotypically different from IL-10 non-producers. Furthermore, we discovered that the dynamics of TNF alpha and IL-10 are controlled by macrophage density. These findings highlight the significance of understanding the complex communication between macrophages and other immune cells and its contribution to population-wide immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Atefe Ghamar Talepoor, Banafsheh Rastegari, Mehdi Kalani, Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
Summary: The study found that Eritoran has an inhibitory effect on the production of cytokines induced by LPS, with a more significant effect on the inflammatory responses of PBMCs from patients with atherosclerosis.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elaheh Abdollahi, Fariborz Keyhanfar, Ali-Akbar Delbandi, Reza Falak, Seyed Javad Hajimiresmaiel, Massoumeh Shafiei
Summary: Evidence suggests that the new class of anti-diabetic drugs, SGLT2 inhibitors, can have beneficial effects on atherosclerotic complications of diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the direct anti-inflammatory effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA). The results showed that DAPA could attenuate inflammation by inhibiting the expression of TLR-4 and activation of NF-kappa B, as well as shifting macrophage polarization from an inflammatory state to an anti-inflammatory state.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wangyang Li, Hui Zhang, Junchi Chen, Yujie Tan, Ailing Li, Ling Guo
Summary: This study investigated the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on the expression of bone formation related factors and inflammatory-related factors of osteoblasts under the action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed that NAC at concentrations between 0 to 0.5 mM significantly promoted cell proliferation and differentiation, but inhibited them when the concentration exceeded 0.5 mM. LPS had a promoting effect on cell proliferation at concentrations below 20 μg/mL, but inhibited it at higher concentrations. NAC reversibly regulated the expression of cytokine genes and proteins in response to LPS.
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Guadalupe Garis, Michael Haupts, Thomas Duning, Helmut Hildebrandt
Summary: This narrative review summarizes the evidence for heart rate variability changes in MS patients, their relationship with fatigue and disease course. The search included 45 articles relevant to the topic treated in this review.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Minjie Huang, Jie Dong, Xiaodong Tan, Shuyuan Yang, Minghui Xiao, Deqian Wang
Summary: In this study, the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of 10-HDA on LPS-stimulated cells were comprehensively analyzed through LC-MS/MS and RNA-seq. The results showed that 128 differentially expressed metabolites and 1721 differentially expressed genes were identified in the 10-HDA-treated groups. The enriched pathways included amino acid metabolism, antigen processing and presentation, NOD-like receptor signaling, and arginine biosynthesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ali Reza Bastin, Mahdieh Nazari-Robati, Hossein Sadeghi, Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh, Asie Sadeghi
Summary: The study demonstrates that trehalose can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated PBMCs by reducing the phosphorylation of JNK and NF-kappa B-P65, decreasing levels of inflammatory cytokines, and increasing levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, trehalose mitigates oxidative stress in PBMCs by reversing altered levels of oxidative markers and restoring antioxidant enzyme activity.
IMMUNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aeri Lee, HyunJi Gu, Min-Hee Gwon, Jung-Mi Yun
Summary: The study found that hesperetin can reduce tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels under hyperglycemic conditions, inhibit the increase in TLR2/4 and MyD88 activity, decrease levels of NF-kappa B and Acetyl-NF-kappa B, and increase SIRT3 and SIRT6 expression. These results suggest that hesperetin may be a potential agent for suppressing inflammation in diabetes.
NUTRITION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Minjie Huang, Minhui Xiao, Jie Dong, Yee Huang, Haiyan Sun, Deqian Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) on the immune function of macrophages and found that they promoted the anti-inflammatory effect of 10-HDA and affected amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism in these cells. These findings provide a basis for the further application of GOQDs in biomedical fields.
BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Young Hyeon Choi, Bong Sun Kim, Seok-Seong Kang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of genomic DNA from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LpDNA) on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS)-induced inflammatory responses. The results showed that LpDNA attenuated PgLPS-induced inflammatory responses by regulating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and suppressing the expression of TLR2 and TLR4.
FOOD SCIENCE OF ANIMAL RESOURCES
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Timna Hitrec, Fabio Squarcio, Matteo Cerri, Davide Martelli, Alessandra Occhinegro, Emiliana Piscitiello, Domenico Tupone, Roberto Amici, Marco Luppi
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the reversible accumulation of PP-Tau in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord during synthetic torpor. ATP-IF was prominently expressed in the dorsal horns during torpor, disappearing after 6 hours of returning to normal temperature. Tau-IF levels also decreased during torpor but returned to normal during recovery. Additionally, microglia activation was not observed in the spinal cord during synthetic torpor.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Thi H. O. Nguyen, Louise C. Rowntree, Jan Petersen, Brendon Y. Chua, Luca Hensen, Lukasz Kedzierski, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Priyanka Chaurasia, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Jennifer R. Habel, Wuji Zhang, Lilith F. Allen, Linda Earnest, Kai Yan Mak, Jennifer A. Juno, Kathleen Wragg, Francesca L. Mordant, Fatima Amanat, Florian Krammer, Nicole A. Mifsud, Denise L. Doolan, Katie L. Flanagan, Sabrina Sonda, Jasveen Kaur, Linda M. Wakim, Glen P. Westall, Fiona James, Effie Mouhtouris, Claire L. Gordon, Natasha E. Holmes, Olivia C. Smibert, Jason A. Trubiano, Allen C. Cheng, Peter Harcourt, Patrick Clifton, Jeremy Chase Crawford, Paul G. Thomas, Adam K. Wheatley, Stephen J. Kent, Jamie Rossjohn, Joseph Torresi, Katherine Kedzierska
Summary: This study characterized CD8(+) T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in COVID-19 patients and unexposed individuals, revealing that CD8(+) T cells specific for the immunodominant B7/N-105 epitope were detected at high frequencies both before and during acute COVID-19 and convalescence. The research also showed high naive precursor frequency and TCR alpha beta diversity within immunodominant B7/N-105-specific CD8(+) T cells, shedding light on the origins and responses of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luca Hensen, Patricia T. Illing, E. Bridie Clemens, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Marios Koutsakos, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Nicole A. Mifsud, Andrea T. Nguyen, Christopher Szeto, Brendon Y. Chua, Hanim Halim, Simone Rizzetto, Fabio Luciani, Liyen Loh, Emma J. Grant, Phillipa M. Saunders, Andrew G. Brooks, Steve Rockman, Tom C. Kotsimbos, Allen C. Cheng, Michael Richards, Glen P. Westall, Linda M. Wakim, Thomas Loudovaris, Stuart I. Mannering, Michael Elliott, Stuart G. Tangye, David C. Jackson, Katie L. Flanagan, Jamie Rossjohn, Stephanie Gras, Jane Davies, Adrian Miller, Steven Y. C. Tong, Anthony W. Purcell, Katherine Kedzierska
Summary: This study identifies the presence of influenza CD8(+) T cell epitopes in an Indigenous Australian population expressing the susceptibility allomorph HLA A*24:02 and suggests targeting and boosting the breadth of IAV/IBV-specific CD8(+) T cells to protect high-risk populations from severe influenza disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin J. Selva, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Melissa M. Lemke, Christina Y. Lee, Suzanne K. Shoffner, Brendon Y. Chua, Samantha K. Davis, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Louise C. Rowntree, Luca Hensen, Marios Koutsakos, Chinn Yi Wong, Francesca Mordant, David C. Jackson, Katie L. Flanagan, Jane Crowe, Shidan Tosif, Melanie R. Neeland, Philip Sutton, Paul Licciardi, Nigel W. Crawford, Allen C. Cheng, Denise L. Doolan, Fatima Amanat, Florian Krammer, Keith Chappell, Naphak Modhiran, Daniel Watterson, Paul Young, Wen Shi Lee, Bruce D. Wines, P. Mark Hogarth, Robyn Esterbauer, Hannah G. Kelly, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Jennifer A. Juno, Adam K. Wheatley, Stephen J. Kent, Kelly B. Arnold, Katherine Kedzierska, Amy W. Chung
Summary: The study reveals that elderly individuals have higher levels of cross-reactive antibodies before the COVID-19 pandemic, while children have fewer exposures to coronaviruses before the emergence of the virus, resulting in less-experienced but stronger humoral immunity. Age-dependent analysis in COVID-19 patients shows elevated class-switched antibodies in the elderly and stronger Fc responses in children.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Masashi Shingai, Naoki Nomura, Toshiki Sekiya, Marumi Ohno, Daisuke Fujikura, Chimuka Handabile, Ryosuke Omori, Yuki Ohara, Tomohiro Nishimura, Masafumi Endo, Kazuhiko Kimachi, Ryotarou Mitsumata, Tomio Ikeda, Hiroki Kitayama, Hironori Hatanaka, Tomoyoshi Sobue, Fumihito Muro, Saori Suzuki, Cong Thanh Nguyen, Hirohito Ishigaki, Misako Nakayama, Yuya Mori, Yasushi Itoh, Marios Koutsakos, Brendon Y. Chua, Lorena E. Brown, David C. Jackson, Katherine Kedzierska, Kazumasa Ogasawara, Yoichiro Kino, Hiroshi Kida
Summary: The study showed that whole virus particle vaccines (WPVs) are more effective in priming immune responses and inducing innate immune responses compared to split vaccines (SVs), making them a potential alternative for seasonal influenza vaccines, especially for children.
Article
Immunology
Claire L. Gordon, Olivia C. Smibert, Natasha E. Holmes, Kyra Y. L. Chua, Morgan Rose, George Drewett, Fiona James, Effie Mouhtouris, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Wuji Zhang, Lukasz Kedzierski, Louise C. Rowntree, Brendon Y. Chua, Leon Caly, Mike G. Catton, Julian Druce, Michelle Sait, Torsten Seemann, Norelle L. Sherry, Benjamin P. Howden, Katherine Kedzierska, Jason C. Kwong, Jason A. Trubiano
Summary: In a lymphoma patient recently treated with PD-1 inhibitor therapy, late onset severe COVID-19 disease and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 replication were observed, with severely impaired immune responses and absence of virus-specific antibodies. This case highlights the challenges in managing immunocompromised hosts who may fail to mount effective virus-specific immune responses.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Robin M. McAllen, Michael J. McKinley, Davide Martelli
Summary: This review discusses the concept, mechanisms, and role of the inflammatory reflex in regulating inflammation. The reflex exerts its anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and it is distributed among the abdominal viscera, capable of functioning independently of specific organs.
AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Davide Martelli
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael J. McKinley, Davide Martelli, Pedro Trevizan-Bau, Robin M. McAllen
Summary: This study investigated the splanchnic sympathetic nerves' role in enhancing interleukin-10 (IL-10) and suppressing tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) levels in the reflex response to systemic immune challenge. The findings demonstrated that the endogenous anti-inflammatory reflex is mediated by sympathetic efferent fibres running in the splanchnic nerves and controlled by divergent pathways for IL-10 and TNF responses, with neurally driven adrenaline regulating IL-10 and sympathetic nerves acting on abdominal organs restraining TNF.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davide Martelli, Virginia L. L. Brooks
Summary: It is widely accepted that decreases in plasma leptin levels, such as during fasting, signal starvation and lead to increased hunger and decreased energy expenditure. These effects are mainly mediated by the suppression of leptin actions in the hypothalamus, particularly on orexigenic neuropeptide Y neurons and anorexic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. However, this review explores whether increased leptin levels also play a significant role in long-term energy balance control, contrary to conventional wisdom. We focus on leptin's actions to decrease food intake, increase sympathetic nerve activity, and support the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, with a particular emphasis on sex differences. We also discuss the impact of obesity-induced inflammation on leptin's actions during obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alessandra Occhinegro, Robin M. M. McAllen, Michael J. J. McKinley, Davide Martelli
Summary: In this review, we argue that the immune system is regulated by an endogenous neural reflex, known as the inflammatory reflex, which suppresses the acute immune response during a systemic immune challenge. We examine the involvement of different sympathetic nerves as potential pathways of the inflammatory reflex. Additionally, we discuss the role of the adrenal glands in the reflex control of inflammation, highlighting how the release of catecholamines by neural means enhances the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10, but does not inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF. Ultimately, we conclude that the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway, involving sympathetic fibers targeting various organs such as the spleen and adrenal glands, serves as the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex, independently regulating TNF and IL10 responses in distinct populations of leukocytes.
NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Fabio Squarcio, Timna Hitrec, Emiliana Piscitiello, Matteo Cerri, Catia Giovannini, Davide Martelli, Alessandra Occhinegro, Ludovico Taddei, Domenico Tupone, Roberto Amici, Marco Luppi
Summary: The study reveals that synthetic torpor induces reversible hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein in the rat brain, involving various cellular and systemic factors. This process is accompanied by transient neuroinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoxiao Jia, Brendon Y. Chua, Liyen Loh, Marios Koutsakos, Lukasz Kedzierski, Moshe Olshansky, William R. Heath, So Young Chang, Jianqing Xu, Zhongfang Wang, Katherine Kedzierska
Summary: The study demonstrates that both virus-specific and bystander CD38(+)MHC-II+ CD8(+) T cells are recruited to the site of infection during severe disease, and MHC-II presence is acquired via trogocytosis from antigen-presenting cells. The co-expression of CD38(+)MHC-II+ is essential for optimal CD8(+) T-cell recall following secondary infection.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Marios Koutsakos, Louise C. Rowntree, Luca Hensen, Brendon Y. Chua, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Jennifer R. Habel, Wuji Zhang, Xiaoxiao Jia, Lukasz Kedzierski, Thomas M. Ashhurst, Givanna H. Putri, Felix Marsh-Wakefield, Mark N. Read, Davis N. Edwards, E. Bridie Clemens, Chinn Yi Wong, Francesca L. Mordant, Jennifer A. Juno, Fatima Amanat, Jennifer Audsley, Natasha E. Holmes, Claire L. Gordon, Olivia C. Smibert, Jason A. Trubiano, Carly M. Hughes, Mike Catton, Justin T. Denholm, Steven Y. C. Tong, Denise L. Doolan, Tom C. Kotsimbos, David C. Jackson, Florian Krammer, Dale Godfrey, Amy W. Chung, Nicholas J. C. King, Sharon R. Lewin, Adam K. Wheatley, Stephen J. Kent, Kanta Subbarao, James McMahon, Irani Thevarajan, Thi H O Nguyen, Allen C. Cheng, Katherine Kedzierska
Summary: The study found that the immune response in COVID-19 patients differs between the acute phase and convalescent phase, with more severe immune activation and cellular hyperactivation in critically ill patients. The research also revealed the crucial role of activated CXCR3(+)cT(FH)1 cells in predicting antibody levels and neutralization activity.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)