Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Barbora Piknova, Ji Won Park, Samantha M. Thomas, Khalid J. Tunau-Spencer, Alan N. Schechter
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) (co)regulates physiological processes in the body and its availability is affected by aging. Aging leads to changes in nitrate and nitrite contents in tissues, with higher nitrate levels and lower nitrite levels in old rats compared to young rats. However, the nitrate reduction pathway is not affected by aging. Further investigation is needed to understand the changes in NO accessibility during aging.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
H. S. Alzahrani, K. G. Jackson, D. A. Hobbs, J. A. Lovegrove
Summary: The oral microbiome may play an important role in mediating the beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure, with further research needed to explore the relationship between oral bacteria composition and vascular function in different individuals.
NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yanyan Xu, Xin Tian, Wei Wang, Weiqiang Tian, Tao Zhang, Jian Sun, Qingyun Zhou, Chuxiao Shao
Summary: This study investigated the pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole in critically ill patients and found differences in esomeprazole PK parameters between critically ill patients and healthy volunteers.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rose I. M. Batista, Renato C. Nogueira, Graziele C. Ferreira, Gustavo H. Oliveira-Paula, Lucas C. Pinheiro, Jose E. Tanus-Santos
Summary: Supplementation with L-arginine has been shown to have beneficial effects in hypertension by increasing nitric oxide formation and enhancing nitrate concentrations, but these effects may be prevented by antiseptic mouthwash. Alteration of the nitrate cycle in the body by mouthwash can impact endothelial dysfunction, antihypertensive effects, and antioxidant effects of L-arginine in hypertensive rats. The findings suggest a new mechanism where antibacterial mouth rinse can affect arterial blood pressure and the development of cardiovascular diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tijana Suboticki, Olivera Mitrovic Ajtic, Dragoslava Djikic, Marijana Kovacic, Juan F. Santibanez, Milica Tosic, Vladan P. Cokic
Summary: In various systems, hydroxyurea has been shown to stimulate the release of nitric oxide or activate nitric oxide synthase. Through inhibiting nitric oxide metabolites, hydroxyurea is able to inhibit the growth of mature erythroid colonies and impact the presence of iNOS immunoreactive CFU-E.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kayleigh Griffiths, Jordan J. Lee, Michael P. Frenneaux, Martin Feelisch, Melanie Madhani
Summary: Nitric oxide plays a crucial role in protecting the heart from ischemia reperfusion injury through the 'canonical' NO-sGC-cGMP pathway. A new nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway has been discovered to improve endothelial dysfunction, protect the myocardium and reduce infarct size. Nitrite itself also provides multi-faceted protection independent of nitric oxide against various pathophysiologies of IRI.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sungyeun Bae, Jihoon Kwon, Si-Beum Lee, In-Jin Jang, Kyung-Sang Yu, SeungHwan Lee
Summary: This study compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new PPI drug AD-206 with conventional esomeprazole, and found that after multiple doses, both drugs showed similar systemic exposure and suppression of gastric acid secretion. However, AD-206 had a faster onset compared to the conventional esomeprazole.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Raul Bescos, Mark L. Rollason, Tanisha S. Davies, Patricia Casas-Agustench
Summary: This study analyzed the content of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) in commercial and self-made beetroot juices (BJs), finding that the levels of NO3- can vary with different seasons and storage conditions. The self-made BJ showed complete degradation of NO3- after 3 days at 20 degrees C, but this degradation was attenuated when stored at lower temperatures or with the addition of lemon juice. Additionally, self-made BJs had higher concentrations of NO2- and a higher pH compared to commercial BJs.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Florentin-Daniel Staicu, Analuce Canha-Gouveia, Cristina Soriano-Ubeda, Juan Carlos Martinez-Soto, Evdochia Adoamnei, Jorge E. Chavarro, Carmen Matas
Summary: The levels of nitrite and nitrate in follicular fluid were found to be related to the yield of MII oocytes, and nitrate levels showed a suggestive inverse correlation with embryos with high potential of implantation. This suggests that nitrite and nitrate concentrations in follicular fluid may be useful in predicting ovarian response and embryo implantation potential.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Catherine P. Bondonno, Frederik Dalgaard, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Kevin Murray, Joshua R. Lewis, Kevin D. Croft, Cecilie Kyro, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar Gislason, Anne Tjonneland, Kim Overvad, Nicola P. Bondonno, Jonathan M. Hodgson
Summary: Moderate intake of vegetable nitrate is associated with lower blood pressure and reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease. A intake of approximately 60 mg/day of vegetable nitrate may help mitigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yicong Wang, Weiqi Chen, Jian Zhou, Yongjun Wang, Hao Wang, Yilong Wang
Summary: This review aims to describe the relationship between nitrate metabolism and cerebrovascular disease, providing a basis for further advances in laboratory and clinical medicine.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gary D. Miller, Beverly A. Nesbit, Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro, Swati Basu, Michael J. Berry
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the acute response of plasma nitrate and nitrite levels in healthy middle- to older-aged adults to beetroot juice alone and in combination with vitamin C or protein. The results showed no significant differences in plasma nitrate and nitrite levels at 1 h and 3 h after co-ingesting beetroot juice with vitamin C or a whey protein supplement compared to beetroot juice alone.
Article
Physiology
Michaela L. Sundqvist, Jon O. Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg, Mattias Carlstrom
Summary: The study aimed to investigate potential sex differences in renal nitrate handling during low and high dietary nitrate intake. It was hypothesized that renal clearance and excretion of nitrate are higher in men compared to women. Results showed that women had lower urinary nitrate concentration, amount of nitrate excreted, renal nitrate clearance, and fractional excretion of nitrate compared to men.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
A. M. Ostergaard, M. H. Vrist, J. B. Rosenbaek, J. A. Ejlersen, F. H. Mose, J. N. Bech
Summary: The study investigated the effects of orally administered nitrate on blood pressure, GFR, and urinary sodium excretion. The results showed that there were no differences in blood pressure, GFR, or sodium excretion between the potassium nitrate and placebo groups. The study concluded that healthy subjects may be able to compensate for the effects of nitrate supplementation during steady state conditions.
NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel J. Gentle, Khandaker A. Ahmed, Nengjun Yi, Casey D. Morrow, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Charitharth Lal, Rakesh P. Patel
Summary: The study found that nitrate reductase activity in the oral cavity peaked at 29 weeks' post menstrual age, and infants who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) had significantly lower nitrate reductase activity at this time. The oral microbiota and nitrate reductase activity may play a role in the development of BPD in extremely preterm infants.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuechen Li, Zhengbing Zhuge, Lucas Rannier R. A. Carvalho, Valdir A. Braga, Ricardo Barbosa Lucena, Shuijie Li, Tomas A. Schiffer, Huirong Han, Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O. Lundberg, Mattias Carlstrom
Summary: The study indicates that treatment with inorganic nitrate and nitrite can attenuate the development of kidney fibrosis by targeting oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Mechanisms include modulation of AMPK and AKT-PGC1α pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophia K. Heuser, Anthea LoBue, Junjie Li, Zhengbing Zhuge, Francesca Leo, Tatsiana Suvorava, Annika Olsson, Rebekka Schneckmann, Drielle D. Guimaraes Braga, Tanu Srivrastava, Lidia Montero, Oliver J. Schmitz, Joachim P. Schmitt, Maria Grandoch, Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O. Lundberg, John Pernow, Malte Kelm, Mattias Carlstrom, Miriam M. Cortese-Krott
Summary: Under normal homeostatic conditions, lack of EC Arg1 expression may result in down-regulation of eNOS expression, but NO bioavailability and vascular endothelial function remain preserved.
NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Agustina Heredia-Martinez, Guillermo Rosa-Diez, Jorge R. Ferraris, Anna-Karin Sohlenius-Sternbeck, Carina Nihlen, Annika Olsson, Jon O. Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg, Mattias Carlstrom, Rafael T. Krmar
Summary: Nitric oxide plays a crucial role in cardiovascular and renal function, and dietary intake of inorganic nitrate, such as concentrated beetroot juice, can increase plasma nitrate and nitrite levels in both hemodialysis patients and healthy volunteers.
Article
Physiology
Gianluigi Pironti, Stefano Gastaldello, Dilson E. Rassier, Johanna T. Lanner, Mattias Carlstrom, Lars H. Lund, Hakan Westerblad, Takashi Yamada, Daniel C. Andersson
Summary: This study used a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to find evidence of impaired cardiac contractile function associated with reduced Ca2+ sensitivity, increased expression of PAD2, and citrullination of alpha-actin, which was triggered by TNF-alpha. This provides molecular and physiological evidence for acquired cardiomyopathy and a potential mechanism for RA-associated heart failure.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jon O. O. Lundberg
Article
Pediatrics
Daniel N. Roberts, Paula Vallen, Maria Cronhjort, Tobias Alfven, Gabriel Sandblom, Susanna Tonroth-Horsefield, Boye L. Jensen, Per-Arne Lonnqvist, Robert Frithiof, Mattias Carlstrom, Rafael T. Krmar
Summary: This study aimed to assess the post-operative plasma-sodium concentration in children with acute appendicitis and provide a physiological explanation for plasma-sodium levels over time. The findings suggest that the use of moderately hypotonic fluid therapy after correction of extracellular fluid deficit is not necessarily associated with post-operative hyponatremia.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jon O. Lundberg, Tomas Schiffer, Eddie Weitzberg, Filip J. Larsen
Summary: Distance running requires high absolute oxygen consumption, while breath-hold diving prefers the opposite. We compared exercise parameters and mitochondrial function in a competitive triathlete with an accomplished breath-hold diver and observed significant differences, which may explain their success.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengbing Zhuge, Sarah McCann Haworth, Carina Nihlen, Lucas Rannier R. A. Carvalho, Sophia K. Heuser, Andrei L. Kleschyov, Josefine Nasiell, Miriam M. Cortese-Krott, Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O. Lundberg, Mattias Carlstroem
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a lack of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in red blood cells (RBCs) on vascular endothelial function. Results showed that RBCs lacking eNOS induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress, similar to RBCs from patients with preeclampsia. This suggests that RBC-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity plays a crucial role in protecting the endothelium from oxidative stress.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Thomas Willmott, Laura Ormesher, Andrew J. Mcbain, Gavin J. Humphreys, Jenny E. Myers, Gurdeep Singh, Jon O. Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg, Carina Nihlen, Elizabeth C. Cottrell
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of oral microbiota profiles and oral nitrate-reducing capacity in explaining individual differences in blood pressure (BP) lowering following dietary nitrate supplementation. The results showed that women with hypertension had lower salivary nitrite concentrations and reduced abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria compared to normotensive women. Oral nitrate reductase (NaR) activity did not differ significantly between pregnant and nonpregnant women, but it tended to be lower in hypertensive women. Oral NaR activity was associated with both baseline diastolic BP and changes in diastolic BP after acute nitrate intake.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laisla Zanetoni Martins, Maria Luiza Santos da Silva, Serginara David Rodrigues, Saskia Estela Biasotti Gomes, Laura Molezini, Elen Rizzi, Marcelo Freitas Montenegro, Carlos Alan Dias-Junior
Summary: Preeclampsia is a maternal hypertension disorder associated with vascular dysfunction and fetal and placental growth restrictions. Placental ischemia is suggested as the primary trigger of preeclampsia, and sodium nitrite may attenuate its effects by reducing blood pressure, preventing fetal and placental weight loss, counteracting vascular hyper-reactivity, and partially restoring NO and MMP-2 activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrei L. Kleschyov, Zhengbing Zhuge, Tomas A. Schiffer, Drielle D. Guimaraes, Gensheng Zhang, Marcelo F. Montenegro, Angela Tesse, Eddie Weitzberg, Mattias Carlstrom, Jon O. Lundberg
Summary: This study demonstrates that NO-ferroheme serves as a signaling entity in the vasculature, and its biological activity is unrelated to the release of free nitric oxide but allows it to be protected and delivered to its main target, guanylyl cyclase.
NATURE CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jon O. Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg
Summary: Goitre is commonly caused by iodine deficiency in the diet, and in high-altitude areas, the high levels of endogenous inorganic nitrate may further increase the risk of goitre and thyroid dysfunction.
Article
Physiology
Rafael T. Krmar, Stephanie Franzen, Leif Karlsson, Helin Strandberg, Susanna Tornroth-Horsefield, Jesper K. Andresen, Boye L. Jensen, Mattias Carlstrom, Robert Frithiof
Summary: Perioperative hyponatremia is a serious electrolyte disorder caused by the non-osmotic release of arginine vasopressin and is associated with various types of surgery. By using a controlled hypotensive hemorrhage pig model, the effect of bleeding on plasma sodium was investigated. The results showed that all pigs developed hyponatremia after bleeding and were unable to excrete net-free water.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guotao Peng, Viviana Gonzalez, Ester Vazquez, Jon O. Lundberg, Bengt Fadeel
Summary: This study demonstrates that two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets can trigger neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and possess antibacterial effects. Additionally, the MoS2 nanosheets exhibit nitrite reductase-like properties.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jiangning Yang, Michaela L. Sundqvist, Xiaowei Zheng, Tong Jiao, Aida Collado, Yahor Tratsiakovich, Ali Mahdi, John Tengbom, Evanthia Mergia, Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina, Zhichao Zhou, Mattias Carlstroem, Takaaki Akaike, Miriam M. Cortese-Krott, Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O. Lundberg, John Pernow
Summary: Red blood cells exposed to hypoxia release cGMP, which acts as a cardioprotective mediator by activating cardiomyocyte protein kinase G. Oral administration of nitrate enhances the cardioprotective effect of hypoxic red blood cells.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)