Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gaoshan Yu, Zhiyuan Zeng, Yun Gao, Shuainan Ni, Hepeng Zhang, Xiaoqi Sun
Summary: This article studied the separation of aluminum (Al) and rare earth (RE) elements using the carboxylic acid extractant 4-octyloxybenzoic acid (POOA) from ion adsorbed RE ores. The extraction and separation performance of POOA in chloride system was systematically studied by changing parameters such as pH value, temperature, solvent, and saponification degree. The results showed that POOA had a good separation effect on Al and RE, and it achieved better phase separation compared to easily emulsified naphthenic acid. The developed extraction system can be almost completely stripped under the condition of low concentration stripping acid.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Shuang Sun, Dan Zou, Ji Chen, Yuefeng Deng
Summary: This study investigates the removal of radioactive Th(IV) from high-purity Sc2O3 using DEHEHP and the extraction behavior of Sc(III) from HNO3 solution using DEHEHP. The results show that DEHEHP exhibits excellent separation ability for Sc(III) and Th(IV) from HNO3 solution.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Luyan Chen, Bicheng Deng, Shengting Kuang, Wuping Liao
Summary: In this study, a novel extractant HA was synthesized and used for the extraction and separation of HREs. The results showed that HA has higher separation factors and follows cation exchange mechanism for the extraction of REs. HA exhibits high loading capacities and good solvent extraction performance.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shuainan Ni, Yun Gao, Guisu Yu, Sijia Zhang, Zhiyuan Zeng, Xiaoqi Sun
Summary: In this study, new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) were used to selectively enrich trace Th from radioactive waste leach solution. These HDESs showed exceptional selectivity for Th extraction, along with high loading capacity and easy stripping. A short flow closed-loop recovery process was developed to efficiently extract Th from the leach solution of radioactive waste residue.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Sergey V. Ushakov, Qi-Jun Hong, Dustin A. Gilbert, Alexandra Navrotsky, Axel van de Walle
Summary: This paper discusses the solid-state chemistry of thorium and rare earths, focusing on the monoxides and related rocksalt phases. Experimental and computational studies have shown the potential applications of lanthanide monoxides in spintronics and the stability of thorium monoxide under high pressure. New computational results further confirm the stability of thorium monoxide at high pressure and suggest the possibility of synthesizing (Th,Nd)O under specific conditions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Liqing Li, Chenhao Liu, Hepeng Zhang, Bin Huang, Bing Luo, Chao Bie, Xiaoqi Sun
Summary: This study successfully achieved impurities removal and enrichment of rare earth elements in ion-adsorbed type rare earth ore by using specific materials. The method reduces the loss rate of rare earth elements and improves product purity, while also benefiting environmental protection and resource recycling.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Ana Carolina Santos de Souza, Luiz Rogerio Pinho de Andrade Lima
Summary: In this study, the treatment of a leach solution in a hydrochloric medium from dephosphorized monazite is conducted. Th separation from light REEs by solvent extraction with Cyanex 572 or 272 is explored. The results show that at low pH, both Cyanex 272 and 572 can easily extract a high percentage of Th, while the extraction of light REEs is negligible.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wenjie Zhang, Dongxia Feng, Xian Xie, Xiong Tong, Yunpeng Du, Yang Cao
Summary: Solvent extraction is a crucial method for rare earth extraction and separation. In this study, the unsaponification extraction of light rare earth ions in a hydrochloric acid medium by the HDEHPP350 system was investigated. The results show that HDEHP-P350 has a good separation effect for light rare earths and is easy to strip. The structure of the extracted complex is determined through analysis and discussion.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hongxiang Xu, Li Zhang, Zengrui Pang, Zhenlei Wang, Weichao Li, Jiushuai Deng
Summary: Ionic liquids have been widely used for metal ion extraction and separation due to their excellent dissolving and selecting ability. A suitable ionic liquid, [N1888][P507], was selected using the COSMO-RS method, and when mixed with TRPO, it showed high extractabilities and selectivities for heavy rare earths, making it an effective and environmentally friendly option for extraction and separation processes.
MINERALS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yi Zhang, Weidong Guo, Donghao Liu, Jie Xu
Summary: The novel ionic liquids synthesized in this study show excellent extractability and selectivity for Nd(III) and Sc(III), as well as outstanding separation properties between rare-earth and first row transition-metal ions. The extraction mechanism indicates that the rare-earth complex extracted in the ionic liquid phase is structurally similar to those obtained with neutral extractants, providing a new approach for the future recycling of rare-earth metals.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nagaphani Kumar Batchu, Zheng Li, Bram Verbelen, Koen Binnemans
Summary: The extraction efficiency of rare-earth elements is related to the basicity of the extractant molecules; extractants with longer alkyl chains exhibit higher metal extraction efficiencies; extraction from ethylene glycol solutions is more effective than from aqueous solutions.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fujian Li, Junjun Yan, Xiangping Zhang, Na Wang, Haifeng Dong, Lu Bai, Hongshuai Gao
Summary: A new amine-group-functionalized ionic liquid (IL) method was developed to remove trace aluminum impurity from high-purity GdCl3 solutions, overcoming the drawbacks of strong hydrophilicity and complicated organic phase compositions in traditional methods, achieving efficient aluminum-gadolinium separation by adjusting the extraction conditions.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Terry McNulty, Nick Hazen, Sulgiye Park
Summary: Significant academic research and moderate commercial process innovation have been carried out on rare-earth element (REE) processing for decades. The last several years have witnessed exponential growth in research due to increasing demand, supply risks, and environmental obstacles. The REE industry is facing conflicting forces of public and political support for sustainability and the need for a reliable and socially responsible supply chain. Current technology and plant practice limit REE recoveries to 50-80 percent, and meeting increasing demand requires new mineral resources, improved process efficiency, and lower production costs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu Deng, Yigang Ding, Zhong Huang, Ying Yu, Jun He, Yi Zhang
Summary: Two novel carboxylic acid based ionic liquids were synthesized and studied for the extraction of yttrium (Y(III)) and mixed rare earth elements (REEs). One IL showed higher extraction efficiency for Y(III) while the other demonstrated better selective separation behavior for mixed REEs, avoiding saponification procedures and resulting wastewater.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Arsyad Maulana Dzulqornain, Ana Belen Cueva-Sola, Kyeong Woo Chung, Jin-Young Lee, Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Summary: This study presents a hydrometallurgical process for the separation of light rare earth elements (LREEs) using oxidation, precipitation, solvent extraction, and stripping techniques. Selective oxidation with potassium permanganate was employed for the separation of cerium (III). Solvent extraction with Cyanex 572 and cross-current scrubbing were used to achieve the separation of lanthanum (III) from neodymium (III) and praseodymium (III).
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Arsyad Maulana Dzulqornain, Ana Belen Cueva-Sola, Kyeong Woo Chung, Jin-Young Lee, Rajesh Kumar Jyothi
Summary: This study presents a hydrometallurgical process for the separation of light rare earth elements (LREEs) using oxidation, precipitation, solvent extraction, and stripping techniques. Selective oxidation with potassium permanganate was employed for the separation of cerium (III). Solvent extraction with Cyanex 572 and cross-current scrubbing were used to achieve the separation of lanthanum (III) from neodymium (III) and praseodymium (III).
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Bo Chen, Shenxu Bao, Yimin Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Al, Fe, P, Si and Na on the precipitation characteristics of vanadium in the ultrasound precipitation system. The concentration upper limits and the negative influence on the precipitation kinetics were determined for each impurity. The findings provide theoretical and technical support for the industrial application of ultrasound precipitation technology.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Chunlin He, Mingwei Qi, Yun Liu, Zunzhang Liu, Yuezhou Wei, Toyohisa Fujita, Guifang Wang, Shaojian Ma, Wenchao Yang, Junyuan Gan
Summary: In this study, D201 x 7 resin and tartaric acid were used as materials and complexing agents for the separation of germanium from sulfuric acid solution. The study successfully achieved the separation of germanium and demonstrated the high selectivity and adsorption performance of the resin.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xiaobo Zhu, Yue Liu, Chen Ma, Wang Li
Summary: A selective and highly effective method for the extraction and separation of V(IV) and Fe(III) using N235 and P507 as solvent extractants is proposed. The pH, composition, and concentration of the extractant mixture have significant effects on the extraction efficiency and separation factor. The mixing of P507 and N235 generates the P507 monomer, which enhances the extraction efficiency and weakens the stability of vanadium containing extraction complex. Cation exchange process forms the extraction complexes.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
B. Behnajady, J. Yousefi Seyf, S. Karimi, M. Moradi, M. Sohrabi
Summary: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have potential as environmentally-friendly solvents for recovering metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Experimental and molecular dynamics simulation results showed that the chloride ions in DES can form complexes with lithium, manganese, and nickel ions, facilitating their extraction.
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sebastian Kinas, Dorota Jermakowicz-Bartkowiak, Anna Dzimitrowicz, Piotr Cyganowski
Summary: The high demand for platinum-group metals (PGMs) and Re in economical and industrial applications related to environmental protection and energy conversion/storage has led to resource scarcity. Thus, it is crucial to recover and recycle these rare metals. This study critically reviews the recent progress in the effective recovery of PGMs and Re from materials relevant to sustainable technologies, emphasizing practical aspects, environmental impact, and issues related to the unit processes of recovery.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guopeng Yang, Qinggang Li, Guiqing Zhang, Mingyu Wang, Zuoying Cao, Wenjuan Guan, Jiawei Du, Shengxi Wu
Summary: The study proposes an efficient, clean, and economical process for recovering V2O5 from titanium-white waste through hydrogen peroxide stripping and precipitation of vanadium products by heating. Experimental results show that the use of D2EHPA as a modifier prolongs the duration of maximum stripping efficiency, enabling continuous operation.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Guisu Yu, Shuainan Ni, Yun Gao, Ditang Mo, Zhiyuan Zeng, Xiaoqi Sun
Summary: This research proposes a novel green process for the selective recovery of rare earth elements (RE) from spent NdFeB permanent magnet using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES). Through optimization of extraction conditions and stripping method, efficient and clean separation and recovery have been achieved.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Jia Li, Xinsheng Wu, Xiaozhou Zhou, Li Zeng, Shengxi Wu, Mingyu Wang, Wenjuan Guan, Zuoying Cao, Qinggang Li, Guiqing Zhang
Summary: This paper presents a complete hydrometallurgical route for the full-component utilization of deep-sea polymetallic nodules (DPN), achieving high recovery efficiency and near-zero waste production with low energy consumption.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sanae Elmisaoui, Abderrazak M. Latifi, Lhachmi Khamar
Summary: A first principles model is developed to describe the dissolution mechanism of phosphate ore particles in a solution of phosphoric acid. The model accounts for non-uniform size of ore particles using particle size distributions and quantifies their influence on the model predictions. A global estimability analysis is carried out to determine the estimable parameters from experimental data, and the predictions show good agreement with the experimental data. The computed activation energy indicates that diffusion is the rate limiting step of the dissolution process.