Article
Plant Sciences
Carla Colque-Little, Miguel Correa Abondano, Ole Sogaard Lund, Daniel Buchvaldt Amby, Hans-Peter Piepho, Christian Andreasen, Sandra Schmoeckel, Karl Schmid
Summary: Despite the strong genetic effects on mildew tolerance, genome-wide association mapping with 88 genotypes failed to identify significant marker-trait associations indicating a polygenic architecture of mildew tolerance. The results suggest that genetic resources with high resistance to downy mildew can be identified through further research in quinoa breeding.
Article
Plant Sciences
Oscar M. Rollano-Penaloza, Valeria Palma-Encinas, Susanne Widell, Patricia Mollinedo, Allan G. Rasmusson
Summary: Downy mildew disease caused by the biotrophic oomycete Peronospora variabilis is a major threat to quinoa cultivation in the Andean highlands. In this study, different quinoa cultivars showed varying levels of tolerance to P. variabilis infection, with some defense response genes being significantly induced post-infection. These genes could potentially serve as markers for selecting quinoa cultivars with higher tolerance to P. variabilis.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mehmet Aydogdu, Ali Koc
Summary: The study screened 165 quinoa accessions for resistance to downy mildew caused by Peronospora variabilis, revealing some accessions with moderate and high resistance. It also demonstrated the positive correlation of AUDPC with defoliation rate and the negative correlation with plant height, highlighting the importance of disease resistance screening by comparing disease-related agronomic characteristics.
CROP & PASTURE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Alvaro Calderon-Gonzalez, Javier Matias, Veronica Cruz, Leire Molinero-Ruiz, Sara Fondevilla
Summary: This study identified quinoa accessions showing resistance to Downy mildew and characterized the resistance mechanism involved. It found that resistance in quinoa primarily acts at the stage of colony establishment, with hypersensitive response associated with colony abortion in some resistant accessions. This work provides the first evidence of hypersensitive reaction occurrence in quinoa as a response to Downy mildew.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sara Fondevilla, Luis F. Arias-Giraldo, Francisco Javier Garcia-Leon, Blanca B. Landa
Summary: Quinoa is an expanding crop in southern Spain, and the most important disease affecting it is caused by Peronospora variabilis. This study aimed to investigate the origin and genetic diversity of P. variabilis isolates infecting quinoa in southern Spain. The results suggest that the isolates infecting quinoa in Spain may have originally infected the weed Chenopodium album.
Article
Agronomy
Yigal Elad, Ziv Kleinman, Ziv Nisan, Dalia Rav-David, Uri Yermiyahu
Summary: The study showed that increasing potassium concentration can aggravate sweet basil downy mildew, while higher levels of calcium or magnesium can alleviate the severity of the disease. Foliar application of K2SO4 and CaCl2 proved to be more effective in disease suppression, while the combination of potassium and magnesium did not show any significant synergistic effect.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kazuki Fujiwara, Hiroyoshi Inoue, Ryoichi Sonoda, Yutaka Iwamoto, Motoaki Kusaba, Nobuya Tashiro, Atsushi Miyasaka
Summary: The study shows that P. destructor can be detected in both asymptomatic plants and soil, indicating a potential strategy to optimize disease management for onion downy mildew. The real-time PCR assay using novel primer sets provides a useful tool for identifying and quantifying inoculum sources.
Article
Plant Sciences
Chen Omer, Ziv Nisan, Dalia Rav-David, Yigal Elad
Summary: Cultural methods such as adjusting the orientation of walk-in tunnels, increasing air circulation, and using polyethylene mulch have been found to reduce the severity of sweet basil downy mildew. These methods can effectively reduce the severity of the disease and increase yield.
Review
Plant Sciences
Carla Colque-Little, Daniel Buchvaldt Amby, Christian Andreasen
Summary: The expansion of quinoa cultivation into unfamiliar environments has increased the risk of new diseases emerging, such as Ascochyta caulina and Colletotrichum nigrum. Updating research on these diseases is beneficial for scientists and farmers in their efforts to prevent and control them.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kelley J. Clark, Amy G. Anchieta, Mychele B. da Silva, Shyam L. Kandel, Young-Joon Choi, Frank N. Martin, James C. Correll, Allen Van Denyze, E. Charles Brummer, Steven J. Klosterman
Summary: Downy mildew of spinach, caused by Peronospora effusa, is a major economic threat to spinach production. This study developed a rapid method for the early detection of P. effusa in spinach leaves using comparative genomics. Both the developed assay and an established PCR assay showed high specificity and could detect P. effusa before the appearance of symptoms.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ruben Felix-Gastelum, Karla Yeriana Leyva-Madrigal, Luis Roberto Sanchez-Parra, Guadalupe Arlene Mora-Romero
Summary: This article reports a study on the impact of Peronospora variabilis Gaum. on pitseed goosefoot (Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.) in Mexico. The identification of the downy mildew was confirmed through morphological characteristics and genetic analysis.
Article
Microbiology
Alexia Marr, Seona Casonato, Eirian Jones
Summary: A reliable method for screening pea cultivars against Peronospora pisi in a laboratory setting was developed, utilizing different bioassays for inoculation using sporangia and naturally infested soil. Through a two-step nested PCR process, latent infection was detected in 24 out of 108 pea plants surviving the experimental period, emphasizing the importance of considering latent infection when screening pea lines against downy mildew.
Article
Horticulture
Shin-ichirou Syobu, Sachiko Watanabe
Summary: In 2016, a severe outbreak of onion downy mildew occurred in Saga Prefecture, western Japan due to specific meteorological conditions and the emergence of less-metalaxyl-sensitive strains of P. destructor.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yariv Ben-Naim, Michal Weitman
Summary: This study found that the Zambian accession PI 500950 is highly resistant to new virulent races of downy mildew. The resistance is mainly controlled by an incomplete dominant gene called Pb2. The study also showed that Pb1 and Pb2 are not alleles, but they share a common signal transduction pathway, leading to dominant complementation superiority against different races of downy mildew.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hale Gunacti
Summary: A new pathogen, Peronospora belbahrii, causing downy mildew was discovered on sweet basil in Turkiye. The pathogen was identified based on molecular and morphological analyses, and its incidence and prevalence in Antalya province were investigated.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Francesco Tini, Giovanni Beccari, Gianpiero Marconi, Andrea Porceddu, Micheal Sulyok, Donald M. Gardiner, Emidio Albertini, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: The study investigated how Fusarium graminearum regulates virulence towards its natural hosts through DNA methylation. It was found that sub-culturing led to a decline in virulence, which could be restored through repeated inoculation. DNA methylation analysis revealed changes in methylation levels of genes related to virulence after subculturing, suggesting the potential of ddRAD-MCSeEd approach in detecting genes associated with fungal virulence.
Article
Plant Sciences
M. Quaglia, E. Troni, R. D'Amato, L. Ederli
Summary: Zinc nutritional imbalance in higher plants can impact growth and stress responses, while the hormone salicylic acid plays a role in ion uptake and defense responses. Optimal zinc supply is crucial for enhancing plant resistance to pathogens.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Tini, Lorenzo Covarelli, Christina Cowger, Michael Sulyok, Paolo Benincasa, Giovanni Beccari
Summary: The study found that the infection timing has a significant impact on the colonization and mycotoxin accumulation of F. poae in wheat spikes. Early infection timing favors the colonization of the fungal strain and mycotoxin accumulation, while later infection timings reduce fungal development and mycotoxin levels. The time window of host susceptibility in the field is shorter.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Chiaraluce Moretti, Marika Bocchini, Mara Quaglia, Daniela Businelli, Benedetta Orfei, Roberto Buonaurio
Summary: Selenium, as a beneficial micronutrient, can enhance plant growth and improve plant's ability to respond to abiotic stresses. This study discovered that treating tomato plants with sodium selenate can reduce the severity of tomato bacterial speck disease and inhibit the proliferation of the bacteria. The treated tomatoes showed induced defense responses and offered a potential environmentally friendly and effective means of bacterial control. Additionally, the increased selenium content in the treated tomatoes can address selenium deficiency problems in human diets.
Article
Agronomy
Emilio Balducci, Francesco Tini, Giovanni Beccari, Giacomo Ricci, Minely Ceron-Bustamante, Maurizio Orfei, Marcello Guiducci, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of recently developed fungicide combinations with different modes of action against fungal diseases on wheat varieties. The results showed that these fungicide treatments were effective in controlling diseases and reducing contamination under different climatic conditions.
Article
Microbiology
Francesco Tini, Lorenzo Covarelli, Giacomo Ricci, Emilio Balducci, Maurizio Orfei, Giovanni Beccari
Summary: Pyrenophora teres is the causal agent of barley net blotch, which can be found in two different forms: net form and spot form. This study evaluated the response of six different barley cultivars to net blotch and examined the efficacy of several foliar fungicides with different modes of action. The results showed that the net form was the predominant pathogen, and different cultivars exhibited varying degrees of susceptibility. The application of fungicides effectively reduced symptoms and pathogen accumulation in grains, and also positively influenced grain yield.
Article
Agronomy
Euro Pannacci, Selene Baratta, Beatrice Falcinelli, Michela Farneselli, Francesco Tei
Summary: This study evaluated the biostimulatory effects of mugwort extract on seed germination and seedling growth in several vegetable crops. The results showed that mugwort extract had different effects on different species, which may involve plant hormone activity.
Article
Agronomy
Euro Pannacci, Daniele Ottavini, Andrea Onofri, Francesco Tei
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of pelargonic acid against summer and winter annual weeds in central Italy. The results showed varying levels of susceptibility, with Kickxia spuria being the most susceptible and Lolium multiflorum being the least susceptible. These findings will aid in optimizing weed control strategies using pelargonic acid under different environmental conditions.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Irene Valenti, Francesco Tini, Milos Sevarika, Alessandro Agazzi, Giovanni Beccari, Ilaria Bellezza, Luisa Ederli, Silvia Grottelli, Matias Pasquali, Roberto Romani, Marco Saracchi, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: Fusarium mycotoxins pose a serious threat to animal and human health. The co-occurrence of different mycotoxins in the same cereal field is common, making it difficult to predict the risks and effects of mycotoxins. This review focuses on the combined effects of enniatins (ENNs) and deoxynivalenol (DON) in multiple organisms and highlights the complexity of mycotoxin interactions.
Article
Microbiology
Mara Quaglia, Giovanni Beccari, Giovanna Fabiana Vella, Riccardo Filippucci, Dario Buldini, Andrea Onofri, Michael Sulyok, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: This study analyzed 25 marketed quinoa seed samples for the presence of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Fungal microorganisms were found in all samples, but no mycotoxins were detected. Morphological and molecular characterization identified 19 fungal species from five different genera, with 13 being first reported on quinoa. The geographical origin, farming system, and packaging were found to affect the presence of different fungal species, indicating the influence of different steps in the quinoa supply chain. However, the marketed quinoa seeds analyzed were free from mycotoxins.
Article
Microbiology
Minely Ceron-Bustamante, Francesco Tini, Giovanni Beccari, Paolo Benincasa, Lorenzo Covarelli
Summary: The wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici responds to light by modulating its gene expression, and different light wavelengths have specific effects on its growth and host colonization. Blue light reduces colony growth, while dark and red light promote fungal development. White light stimulates host colonization, while red light represses it. This study demonstrates the importance of light in the interaction between Z. tritici and wheat.