Article
Immunology
O. Garcia-Nicolas, A. Godel, G. Zimmer, A. Summerfield
Summary: Early and strong IFN-I responses are associated with mild COVID-19, while uncontrolled proinflammatory cytokine responses are linked to severe disease outcomes. In this study, it is demonstrated that MDMs can be activated and secrete IL-6 and TNF upon phagocytosis of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. The activated MDMs further trigger the activation of pDCs, leading to high levels of IFN-a and TNF secretion, as well as promoting IL-6 production by MDMs. This pDC activation is dependent on cell-cell contacts and involves the TLR7 and STING signaling pathways.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Gianni Gori Savellini, Gabriele Anichini, Claudia Gandolfo, Maria Grazia Cusi
Summary: This study provides a detailed characterization of the counteractive mechanism of the ORF6 protein of SARS-CoV-2 against IFN-beta and IL-6. The ORF6 protein inhibits host immune response through multiple pathways. The findings of this study are of great theoretical and practical significance, contributing to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus and the development of related therapeutic approaches.
Article
Immunology
Sudhanshu Agrawal, Jon Salazar, Thu Michelle Tran, Anshu Agrawal
Summary: Evidence suggests that females exhibit a stronger immune response to SARS-CoV-2 within 24 hours of infection compared to males, with higher activation of cells and levels of inflammatory factors in female individuals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leon Cords, Robin Woost, Silke Kummer, Thomas T. Brehm, Stefan Kluge, Stefan Schmiedel, Sabine Jordan, Ansgar W. Lohse, Marcus Altfeld, Marylyn M. Addo, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Claudia Beisel
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to enhanced inflammation through activation of innate immune responses. This study investigates the frequencies of IRF5+ dendritic cells (DCs) and their association with innate cytokine responses in individuals with different disease courses. The results show reduced IRF5+ frequencies in mDCs of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, along with decreased production of IL-6 in response to TLR7 stimulation. IRF5+ mDCs have a higher propensity to produce IL-6 and TNF-alpha compared to IRF5- counterparts, indicating the role of IRF5 in regulating cytokine responses in mDCs during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Immunology
Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos, Jonatas Bussador do Amaral, Carolina Nunes Franca, Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro, Anuska Marcelino Alvares-Saraiva, Sandra Kalil, Edison Luiz Durigon, Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira, Silvia Sanches Rodrigues, Debora Heller, Eliane Aparecida Rosseto Welter, Joao Renato Rebello Pinho, Rodolfo P. Vieira, Andre Luis Lacerda Bachi
Summary: This study investigated the mucosal immune response of mild/moderate symptom COVID-19 patients' upper airway two months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and compared it with a control group of non-COVID-19 healthy individuals. The results showed that individuals with SIgA had higher levels of various cytokines, indicating the importance of immune response in maintaining mucosal immunity in COVID-19 patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martha Sedegah, Chad Porter, Emilie Goguet, Harini Ganeshan, Maria Belmonte, Jun Huang, Arnel Belmonte, Sandra Inoue, Neda Acheampong, Allison M. W. Malloy, Monique Hollis-Perry, Belinda Jackson-Thompson, Kathy F. Ramsey, Yolanda Alcorta, Santina E. Maiolatesi, Gregory Wang, Anatolio E. Reyes, Luca Illinik, Margaret Sanchez-Edwards, Timothy H. Burgess, Christopher C. Broder, Eric D. Laing, Simon D. Pollett, Eileen Villasante, Edward Mitre, Michael R. Hollingdale
Summary: Class I- and Class II-restricted epitopes have been identified across the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteome. Vaccine-induced and post-infection T-cell responses are associated with COVID-19 recovery and protection. Vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 results in T cell-specific responses primarily against epitopes in the S2 subunit of the S glycoprotein. Individuals vaccinated after SARS-CoV-2 infection develop broader and greater T cell responses to S1 and S2 subunits as well as the N and M proteins.
Article
Cell Biology
Areej Al-Roub, Ashraf Al Madhoun, Nadeem Akhter, Reeby Thomas, Lavina Miranda, Texy Jacob, Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Fahd Al-Mulla, Sardar Sindhu, Rasheed Ahmad
Summary: The overexpression of IL-6 in the adipose tissue of obese individuals may lead to insulin resistance. IL-1 beta and TNF alpha, which are increased in obese adipose tissue, cooperate to enhance the production of IL-6 in adipocytes. This cooperative interaction depends on CREB binding and H3K14 acetylation and provides an interesting pathophysiological connection among IL-1 beta, TNF alpha, and IL-6 in obesity settings.
Review
Immunology
Mykhailo Buchynskyi, Iryna Kamyshna, Katerina Lyubomirskaya, Olena Moshynets, Nazarii Kobyliak, Valentyn Oksenych, Aleksandr Kamyshnyi
Summary: This meta-analysis found that IFN-a intervention does not benefit the survival of hospitalized COVID-19 patients but may increase the number of patients discharged from the hospital.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alberto Ponciano-Gomez, Martha Iris Valle-Solis, Myriam Campos-Aguilar, Rafael Jijon-Lorenzo, Elena De La C. Herrera-Cogco, Roberto Ramos-Alor, Cesar Isaac Bazan-Mendez, Gustavo Antonio Perez-Gil Cervantes, Ricardo Avila-Garcia, Abdiel Gonzalez Aguilar, Moises Geovani Salmeron Texale, Wilfrido David Tapia-Sanchez, Carlos Leonardo Duarte-Martinez, Sandra Olivas-Quintero, Santiago Cristobal Sigrist-Flores, Itzell Alejandrina Gallardo-Ortiz, Rafael Villalobos-Molina, Adolfo Rene Mendez-Cruz, Rafael Jimenez-Flores, Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo, Juan Pedro Luna-Arias, Hector Romero-Ramirez, Victor Hugo Rosales-Garcia, Bartolo Avendano-Borromeo
Summary: This study analyzed the immune response of individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination. The results showed that individuals with earlier infection had higher antibody concentrations, which could be attributed to increased production of plasma cells and reduced presence of memory B cells in the bloodstream. This could be related to the high baseline expression of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) before vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Sabine Hazan
Summary: Ivermectin, as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic, may prevent COVID-19 susceptibility by increasing Bifidobacterium levels, and Bifidobacterium may offer more direct COVID-19 protection by boosting natural immunity.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel B. Rosen, Elisabeth A. Murphy, Ron S. Gejman, Allyson Capili, Rachel L. Friedlander, Sophie Rand, Kristen A. Cagino, Shannon M. Glynn, Kathy C. Matthews, Jeff M. Kubiak, Jim Yee, Malavika Prabhu, Laura E. Riley, Yawei J. Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of severity and progression of COVID-19 on cytokine profiles in pregnant women. The results showed that cytokine levels varied with the time course of infection and were correlated with clinical severity.
Article
Immunology
Emanuel Della-Torre, Marco Lanzillotta, Corrado Campochiaro, Giulio Cavalli, Giacomo De Luca, Alessandro Tomelleri, Nicola Boffini, Rebecca De Lorenzo, Annalisa Ruggeri, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Antonella Castagna, Giovanni Landoni, Moreno Tresoldi, Fabio Ciceri, Alberto Zangrillo, Lorenzo Dagna
Summary: This study shows that IL-1 and IL-6 blockade therapy is more likely to provide a survival advantage in hyper-inflamed COVID-19 patients, especially when initiated before the establishment of severe respiratory failure.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Karel F. A. Van Damme, Levi Hoste, Jozefien Declercq, Elisabeth De Leeuw, Bastiaan Maes, Liesbet Martens, Roos Colman, Robin Browaeys, Cedric Bosteels, Stijn Verwaerde, Nicky Vermeulen, Sahine Lameire, Nincy Debeuf, Julie Deckers, Patrick Stordeur, Pieter Depuydt, Eva Van Braeckel, Linos Vandekerckhove, Martin Guilliams, Sjoerd T. T. Schetters, Filomeen Haerynck, Simon J. Tavernier, Bart N. Lambrecht
Summary: Improvements in COVID-19 treatments require a deeper understanding of disease pathology, particularly for critically ill patients. This study shows that complement activation in COVID-19 is primarily mediated by the alternative pathway and provides a comprehensive atlas of complement alterations during respiratory deterioration. The upstream driver of complement responses is identified as IL-6 and STAT1/3 signaling, which has implications for approved COVID-19 therapies.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert Flisiak, Jerzy Jaroszewicz, Magdalena Rogalska, Tadeusz Lapinski, Aleksandra Berkan-Kawinska, Beata Bolewska, Magdalena Tudrujek-Zdunek, Dorota Kozielewicz, Marta Rorat, Piotr Leszczynski, Krzysztof Klos, Justyna Kowalska, Pawel Pabjan, Anna Piekarska, Iwona Mozer-Lisewska, Krzysztof Tomasiewicz, Malgorzata Pawlowska, Krzysztof Simon, Joanna Polanska, Dorota Zarebska-Michaluk
Summary: The study demonstrated the significant impact of tocilizumab on reducing mortality and accelerating clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients with a baseline concentration of IL-6 > 100 pg/mL, particularly those who require oxygen supplementation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Milena Akamatsu, Tavares de Castro, Carolina Yumi Takano, Paulo Lee Ho
Summary: Interferons play crucial roles in immune responses, especially in viral infections. Cytokine storms are exaggerated physiological reactions triggered by pathogens, which can lead to severe tissue damage and organ failure.
Article
Hematology
Lilija Miller, Jessica Klemm, Carolin Schmidt, Kay-Martin Hanschmann, Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding, Zoe Waibler
Article
Microbiology
Katharina Borst, Sven Flindt, Patrick Blank, Pia-Katharina Larsen, Chintan Chhatbar, Jennifer Skerra, Julia Spanier, Christoph Hirche, Martin Koenig, Tomas Alanentalo, Martin Hafner, Zoe Waibler, Klaus Pfeffer, Veronika Sexl, Gerd Sutter, Werner Mueller, Theresa Graalmann, Ulrich Kalinke
Review
Cell Biology
Yen-Ju Lin, Martina Anzaghe, Stefan Schuelke
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patricia Gogesch, Simone Dudek, Ger van Zandbergen, Zoe Waibler, Martina Anzaghe
Summary: Efforts have been made to ensure the safety and efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies since the approval of the first mAb in 1986. Various cell-based assays have been established to evaluate Fc-mediated effector functions of therapeutic mAbs. Optimization strategies such as point mutations and altered glycosylation patterns have led to the development of next-generation therapeutic mAbs with improved efficacy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Martina Anzaghe, Stefanie Kronhart, Marc A. Niles, Lena Hoecker, Monica Dominguez, Georg Kochs, Zoe Waibler
Summary: Studies have shown that some negative-strand RNA viruses can induce type I interferon responses in an IFNAR-independent manner, rather than relying on the IFNAR feedback loop.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Aileen Ebenig, Samada Muraleedharan, Julia Kazmierski, Daniel Todt, Arne Auste, Martina Anzaghe, Andre Goemer, Dylan Postmus, Patricia Gogesch, Marc Niles, Roland Plesker, Csaba Miskey, Michelle Gellhorn Serra, Angele Breithaupt, Cindy Hoerner, Carina Kruip, Rosina Ehmann, Zoltan Ivics, Zoe Waibler, Stephanie Pfaender, Emanuel Wyler, Markus Landthaler, Alexandra Kupke, Geraldine Nouailles, Christine Goffinet, Richard J. P. Brown, Michael D. Muehlebach
Summary: In this study, the potential for vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) in COVID-19 was investigated using a severe hamster infection model. Two vaccine candidates were evaluated, one derived from a T helper type 1 (T(H)1)-biased measles vaccine and another comprising a T(H)2-biased, alum-adjuvanted, non-stabilized spike protein. The measles vaccine protected the animals, while the protein lead induced VAERD, which could be alleviated with dexamethasone treatment. Transcriptomic and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses identified the cytokine drivers and cellular contributors involved in VAERD.
Article
Immunology
Steffi Krauter, Nicole Buescher, Eric Braeuchle, Samira Ortega Iannazzo, Inessa Penner, Nadine Kraemer, Patricia Gogesch, Simone Thomas, Marina Kreutz, Mario Dejung, Anja Freiwald, Falk Butter, Zoe Waibler, Bodo Plachter
Summary: This study developed a genetically attenuated seed virus strain TR-VAC of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which can produce subviral dense bodies (DB) and retains the capacity to induce neutralizing antibodies and activate immune response, making it a potential candidate for DB vaccine.
Article
Hematology
Eva Ringler, Samira Ortega Iannazzo, Jessica Herzig, Lisa M. Weiss, Martina Anzaghe, Lilija Miller, Zoe Waibler
Summary: The development of factor VIII inhibitors or anti-drug antibodies in the treatment of hemophilia A is a serious complication. The immunological mechanisms underlying this development have not been fully understood, but danger signals associated with events like infection or surgery have been suggested to play a role. Plasma components, present in plasma-derived factor VIII products, were found to mediate T-cell responses, with complement proteins C3a and C5a being critically involved.