Article
Orthopedics
Takuya Kinoshita, Yusuke Hashimoto, Ken Iida, Hiroaki Nakamura
Summary: Analyzing the relationship between the graft bending angle after ACL reconstruction and the corresponding angle, it was found that BPTB can bend more than QTB at the femoral tunnel aperture.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elahe Ganji, Connor Leek, William Duncan, Debabrata Patra, David M. Ornitz, Megan L. Killian
Summary: This study investigates the role of Fgf9 in the development and function of the postnatal enthesis. By conditional knockout of Fgf9 in mouse tendons and entheses, the researchers found that Fgf9 is important for the structural and functional development of the enthesis. Mice with Fgf9 knockout showed thinner tendons, reduced bone mineralization, increased cellularity, and decreased mechanical properties in the entheses.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
C. J. Peniche Silva, S. A. Mueller, N. Quirk, R. E. De la Vega, M. J. Coenen, C. H. Evans, E. R. Balmayor, M. van Griensven
Summary: This study characterized the biomechanics, histology, and genetic expression of three relevant sites of enthesis injury in a rat model. The results showed differences in mechanical properties, histological characteristics, and marker expression among the patellar tendon, Achilles tendon, and supraspinatus enthesis. The findings provide valuable insights into the understanding of these entheses at specific anatomical sites.
EUROPEAN CELLS & MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Gaston Alonso, Alejandro Yawny, Graciela Bertolino
Summary: Growth modulation is a new method for treating skeletal deformities that involves applying controlled mechanical loads to the affected bone to alter the growth and ossification process. A proposed phenomenological model based on observed similarities with viscoelastic material behavior can quantify the effects of mechanical loading on growth direction, rate, and ossification speed. The model's consistency was tested against experimental data, and it was found to accurately describe bone growth under various loading conditions. The model provides a rational foundation for further computational studies.
BIOMECHANICS AND MODELING IN MECHANOBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Wangwang Luo, Yang Wang, Qing Han, Zhonghan Wang, Jianhang Jiao, Xuqiang Gong, Yang Liu, Aobo Zhang, Han Zhang, Hao Chen, Jincheng Wang, Minfei Wu
Summary: This review discusses recent advances in enthesis tissue engineering, particularly the use of biological scaffolds, and provides perspectives on future directions in this field.
JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xuancheng Zhang, Wei Song, Kang Han, Zhaoyi Fang, Eunshinae Cho, Xiaoqiao Huangfu, Yaohua He, Jinzhong Zhao
Summary: A graded biomimetic scaffold coated with decellularized extracellular matrix was fabricated using 3-D bioprinting to enhance cellular differentiation and promote the regeneration of damaged tendon-to-bone enthesis. In a rabbit rotator cuff tear model, the GBS-E group exhibited superior tendon-to-bone differentiated properties and higher biomechanical properties compared to other groups at 16 weeks. This study offers a promising tissue-engineering strategy for the regeneration of complex enthesis using a 3-D bioprinting technique.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Arul Subramanian, Lauren F. Kanzaki, Thomas F. Schilling
Summary: The force from tendons and ligaments is transmitted to the skeleton through entheseal cells, and the regional organization and expression of transcription factors play a vital role in force transmission. Muscle contraction force helps establish the specialized organization of extracellular matrix and regulate the expression level of transcription factors in entheseal cells.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Ashley L. Titan, Michael Davitt, Deshka Foster, Ankit Salhotra, Siddharth Menon, Kellen Chen, Evan Fahy, Michael Lopez, R. Ellen Jones, Ioana Baiu, Austin Burcham, Michael Januszyk, Geoffrey Gurtner, Paige Fox, Charles Chan, Natalina Quarto, Michael Longaker
Summary: The study found that mouse skeletal stem cells (mSSCs) may enhance tendon-to-bone healing by dampening the effects of TGF beta signaling within the mSSC niche.
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mikhail Golman, Victor Birman, Stavros Thomopoulos, Guy M. Genin
Summary: This study explored the mechanism behind the toughness of tendon-to-bone attachments, revealing that interactions between fiber architecture and bone structure play a crucial role in determining the toughness of the enthesis. The model predicted that energy-storing tendons prioritize toughness over strength, while positional tendons prioritize consistent stiffness across loading directions.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Qiang Shi, Can Chen, Muzhi Li, Yang Chen, Yan Xu, Jianzhong Hu, Jun Liu, Hongbin Lu
Summary: The study successfully obtained decellularized book-shaped enthesis scaffolds from rabbit rotator cuff, evaluated the effect of decellularization on extracellular matrix structure through histological staining and SEM, and found that the content of collagen and PGs in the decellularized scaffolds decreased significantly. This innovative use of SR-FTIR can provide quantitative mapping of collagen and PGs distribution in enthesis scaffolds.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Behzad Shiroud Heidari, Emma Muinos Lopez, Peilin Chen, Rui Ruan, Ebrahim Vahabli, Seyed Mohammad Davachi, Froilan Granero-Molto, Elena M. De-Juan-Pardo, Minghao Zheng, Barry Doyle
Summary: This study aims to develop novel hybrid nanocomposites for tendon-bone interface repair. By adding different proportions of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, the properties of the nanocomposites can be improved. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that increasing the nanoparticle content can affect cell activity and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
MATERIALS TODAY BIO
(2023)
Review
Orthopedics
Christian R. D'Andrea, Ausilah Alfraihat, Anita Singh, Jason B. Anari, Patrick J. Cahill, Thomas Schaer, Brian D. Snyder, Dawn Elliott, Sriram Balasubramanian
Summary: The review showed that macro-scale changes in longitudinal bone growth resulting from mechanical loading depend on load magnitude, anatomical location, and species. Variations in cyclic loading frequency and amplitude did not significantly affect longitudinal growth, but did impact the morphology, viability, and gene and protein expression within the growth plate. Intermittent compression regimens can preserve or increase growth plate height and stimulate chondrocyte presence in the hypertrophic zone.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Carlos J. Peniche Silva, Sebastian A. Muller, Nicholas Quirk, Patrina S. P. Poh, Carla Mayer, Antonella Motta, Claudio Migliaresi, Michael J. Coenen, Christopher H. Evans, Elizabeth R. Balmayor, Martijn van Griensven
Summary: The study investigates the use of biphasic silk fibroin scaffolds for treating injured tendon-to-bone entheses. The results suggest that the design of the transition zone plays a crucial role in promoting healing of the injured enthesis.
Review
Developmental Biology
Lauren Bobzin, Ryan R. Roberts, Hung-Jhen Chen, J. Gage Crump, Amy E. Merrill
Summary: Tendons and ligaments, fibrous connective tissues crucial for musculoskeletal system function, exhibit heterogeneity and plasticity at the cellular level, posing questions about their developmental mechanisms and repair processes. Recent research advances have shed light on the establishment and maintenance of tendons and ligaments, contributing to a deeper understanding of these structures.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Abdullah Baawad, Diego Jacho, Taijah Hamil, Eda Yildirim-Ayan, Dong-Shik Kim
Summary: The regeneration of enthesis is crucial for the complete and functional healing of tendon and ligament tissues. Current suturing techniques for reattachment have high failure rates. This review discusses biomimetic scaffolds and polysaccharides as potential solutions for enthesis regeneration, with a focus on Gellan gum as a promising biopolymer with osteogenic and chondrogenic activities.
TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Alyssa Kearly, Andrew D. L. Nelson, Aleksandra Skirycz, Monika Chodasiewicz
Summary: Stress Granules (SGs) and Processing-bodies (P-bodies) are important biomolecular condensates that play crucial roles in maintaining mRNA balance and regulating stress responses. They are composed of proteins and RNAs involved in translation, protein folding, and energy metabolism.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
P. Lemonnier, T. Lawson
Summary: Stomatal conductance plays a crucial role in determining CO2 uptake and water loss in plants, affecting overall water status and productivity. However, the signals coordinating mesophyll demands for CO2, the role of chloroplasts in stomatal function, and other GC metabolic processes in stomatal function remain poorly understood.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Matteo Gionfriddo, Timothy Rhodes, Spencer M. Whitney
Summary: Rubisco is a key enzyme that facilitates the entry of CO2 into the biosphere, but its catalytic properties are slow and error-prone. More effective Rubisco variants have been discovered in certain algae, offering the potential to significantly improve crop productivity. However, incompatibilities in protein folding have hindered the transplantation of these variants into plants. Directed evolution is now being explored to enhance Rubisco catalysis.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Vittoria Clapero, Stephanie Arrivault, Mark Stitt
Summary: The Calvin-Benson cycle has undergone massive selection and co-evolution with carbon-concentrating mechanisms due to changing environmental factors. Metabolite profiling reveals species-specific variations in the operation of the cycle, indicating the influence of different modes of photosynthesis. Connectivity analysis identifies constraints and driving factors for cross-species diversity in the cycle.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Sukhbir Kaur, David D. Roberts
Summary: Thrombospondin-1 modulates cell behavior by interacting with components of the extracellular matrix and cell surface receptors. Its release and expression are influenced by injuries and various diseases, while its sustained presence in the extracellular space is regulated by receptor-mediated clearance. Thrombospondin-1 plays important roles in immune responses.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Richard P. Tucker, Josephine C. Adams
Summary: Thrombospondins (TSPs) play diverse roles in animals and have been found to belong to a superfamily that includes different subgroups such as mega-TSPs, sushi-TSPs, and poriferan-TSPs. Invertebrates encode a greater diversity of TSP superfamily members than vertebrates.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
James Petrik, Sylvia Lauks, Bianca Garlisi, Jack Lawler
Summary: Many cancers start with a small nest of transformed cells that can remain dormant. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) initially promotes dormancy by suppressing angiogenesis, but over time, factors promoting angiogenesis become dominant and recruit various cells to form a complex tumor microenvironment. TSPs play a role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells in the tumor microenvironment, as well as influencing the immune characteristics and phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Hana Fakim, Christine Vande Velde
Summary: There has been increasing attention to the role of phase-separated biomolecular condensates, specifically stress granules, in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. ALS-associated mutations in genes involved in stress granule assembly have been found, and stress granule proteins have been detected in pathological inclusions in ALS patient neurons. However, protein components of stress granules are also present in other physiological biomolecular condensates, which have not been adequately discussed in relation to ALS. This review explores the functions of TDP-43 and FUS in physiological condensates occurring in the nucleus and neurites beyond stress granules, and discusses the impact of ALS-linked mutations on their ability to phase separate and perform their functions in stress-independent biomolecular condensates.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Alexander Lin, Yogambha Ramaswamy, Ashish Misra
Summary: Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages in blood vessels display remarkable heterogeneity, and their developmental origins may influence their plasticity. Unbiased single cell whole transcriptome analysis techniques are revolutionizing the understanding of cellular diversity and plasticity, providing insights for therapeutic research.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Elton P. Hudson
Summary: The Calvin Benson cycle plays a crucial role in the ecological and biotechnological aspects of bacteria. Recent studies have shed light on the regulation of this cycle in bacteria, with post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation being important in phototrophic bacteria, and transcriptional regulation being prominent in chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. Understanding the regulation of the Calvin Benson cycle has implications for enhancing CO2 fixation and improving the synthesis of desired products. Non-canonical cycles may offer potential benefits for industrial applications.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Xin-Guang Zhu, Haim Treves, Honglong Zhao
Summary: This paper discusses the major regulatory mechanisms over the Calvin Benson Cycle (CBC) that maintain homeostasis of metabolite levels. These mechanisms include redox regulation of enzymes, metabolite regulations (especially allosteric regulations), and balanced activities of enzymes. These regulatory mechanisms are crucial for maintaining high flux and photosynthetic efficiency in CBC.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Hunter C. Herriage, Yi-Ting Huang, Brian R. Calvi
Summary: Apoptosis prevents the inappropriate acquisition of extra copies of the genome, known as polyploidy, but the polyploid state can suppress apoptosis. The mechanisms linking apoptosis and polyploid cell cycles are still largely unknown, and studying the regulation of apoptosis in development and cancer could lead to more effective therapies.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Daniel Campbell, Steven Zuryn
Summary: Mitochondrial dynamics play a crucial role in regulating cellular and organismal homeostasis, impacting various aspects of an organism's healthspan. By studying the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of mitochondrial dynamics on homeostasis over a lifetime can be obtained.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Diba Borgmann, Henning Fenselau
Summary: Maintaining blood glucose at an appropriate physiological level requires coordination of multiple organs and tissues, with the vagus nerve playing a key role in central control. Recent studies have revealed the cellular identity, neuroanatomical organization, and functional contributions of vagal neurons in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the precise roles of vagal neurons in coordinating glucose levels and offer potential avenues for treating glucose metabolism disorders.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Tatiana C. Coverdell, Stephen B. G. Abbott, John N. Campbell
Summary: In this article, we review how genetic technology and single-cell genomics are revealing the organizational principles of the efferent vagus in unprecedented detail.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2024)