Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guozhan Jiang, D. A. Sanchez Monsalve, Peter Clough, Ying Jiang, Gary A. Leeke
Summary: The study investigated the dechlorination mechanism of chlorinated hydrocarbons by alkali adsorption in pyrolysis vapor, finding that the dechlorination process depends on the bonding between chlorine, adjacent aliphatic carbon, and aliphatic hydrogen. Experiment results showed that aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons can undergo dechlorination at 180 degrees C in the presence of alkali, while the removal of chlorine from aromatic chlorinated compounds operates differently and is significantly promoted by the presence of alumina and hydrocarbon medium.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wang Li, Zongqing Bai, Tingting Zhang, Yuxing Jia, Yujie Hou, Juan Chen, Zhenxing Guo, Lingxue Kong, Jin Bai, Wen Li
Summary: This study compared the differences in structure, pyrolysis behavior, chlorine release, and migration of PVC-PO and two commercial PVC plastics. The commercial PVC plastics contained more oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic compounds due to the addition of additives. The thermal weight loss and pyrolysis gas composition also varied between PVC-PO and PVC plastics.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jan Snow, Jaromir Lederer, Pavel Kuran, Petr Koutnik
Summary: To achieve closed-loop chemical recycling through pyrolysis, strict limits for halogen content must be met. However, the presence of PET or cellulose in the feedstock significantly decreases the efficiency of dechlorination. By combining acidic beta-zeolite with alkali hydrotalcite in a 1:1 ratio, a synergic effect towards dechlorination was observed, increasing individual efficiency by 12% and 6%, respectively. The combination of stepwise pyrolysis and the mentioned mixture of agents resulted in 95% efficiency and 12.2 +/- 1.2 ppm of Cl in the final liquid product.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jose Manuel Riesco-Avila, James R. Vera-Rozo, David A. Rodriguez-Valderrama, Diana M. Pardo-Cely, Bladimir Ramon-Valencia
Summary: The effects of heating rate and temperature on the thermal-pyrolytic yield of a plastic-waste mixture were investigated. Higher temperatures and shorter residence time resulted in lower pyrolytic oil yield but increased gaseous product yield. The fractionation process yielded light, medium, and heavy fractions with different calorific values and indices.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dingding Yao, Haiping Yang, Qiang Hu, Yingquan Chen, Hanping Chen, Paul T. Williams
Summary: In this study, carbon nanotubes were produced from post-consumer mixed waste plastics using a pyrolysis-catalysis process, with the Ni-Fe/MCM41 catalyst displaying the highest catalytic activity. The order of catalytic activity was related to differences in catalyst pore volume and catalyst reducibility, with the formation of a Ni-Fe alloy suggested to be crucial for the promotion of carbon nanotube formation. By-product production of hydrogen at large quantities could be utilized as process fuel.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pratibha Negi, Pankaj Kumar Dubey, Sanat Kumar, Avinash V. Palodkar, Ajay Kumar
Summary: Thermal pyrolysis of polyolefins offers a way to obtain petroleum-derived products from waste plastics, but the relationship between the structure and composition of polyolefin feedstock and pyrolysis oil is not well understood. In this study, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were subjected to pyrolysis, and the resulting oil was analyzed. The results showed that the branching trend in polyolefins from feedstock to product oil was retained after pyrolysis, with different types of hydrocarbons produced depending on the type of polyolefin. The segregation and selective collection of waste plastics can lead to the production of valuable products such as high octane gasoline range hydrocarbons and high-value chemicals.
Article
Thermodynamics
Leilei Dai, Nan Zhou, Yuancai Lv, Kirk Cobb, Yanling Cheng, Yunpu Wang, Yuhuan Liu, Paul Chen, Rongge Zou, Hanwu Lei, Roger Ruan
Summary: This study introduces a novel technology for converting waste polyolefinic plastics into low aromatic naphtha for new plastic production, showcasing the use of tandem catalysis process. The tandem catalysis system shows high activity in cracking various waste polyolefins, highlighting the feasibility of upcycling waste plastics into high quality naphtha for virgin plastic products.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dan Li, Shijun Lei, Ping Wang, Lei Zhong, Wenchao Ma, Guanyi Chen
Summary: Pyrolysis is a promising technology for recovering valuable hydrocarbons from waste streams. This study investigated three types of waste plastics and their mixed forms to explore thermal cracking features, products distribution, and kinetic features. Results showed differences in pyrolysis products and reaction processes among different types of plastics, with synergistic effects observed during co-pyrolysis processes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul Palmay, Carla Haro, Ivan Huacho, Diego Barzallo, Joan Carles Bruno
Summary: The thermal pyrolysis of plastics is an important technique for managing non-degradable waste and promoting the circular economy. This study aimed to produce pyrolytic oil from thermoplastics and their mixtures, and analyze the performance and properties of the resulting products. The findings showed that a mixture of 75% polystyrene and 25% polypropylene had the highest pyrolysis yield and could be used as an additive agent for industrial fuels.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Haoran Yuan, Chengyu Li, Rui Shan, Jun Zhang, Yufeng Wu, Yong Che
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advancements in catalytic pyrolysis of polyolefin plastics using various zeolite-based materials. It focuses on the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from zeolite-catalyzed polyolefin plastics pyrolysis and discusses the characteristics and distribution of the pyrolysis products. Additionally, it systematically discusses the deactivation mechanism of zeolites, coking inhibition, catalyst regeneration, and the influence of impurities. The challenge and outlook in the sustainable development of catalytic pyrolysis of polyolefin plastics into high-value products are also presented.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Katherine A. Graves, Luke J. R. Higgins, Mohamad A. Nahil, Bhoopesh Mishra, Paul T. Williams
Summary: Polypropylene and polystyrene were processed with a Ni-Fe/Al2O3 catalyst to produce carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a pyrolysis/catalytic reactor. The MWCNTs produced had different structures and properties depending on the source of the plastic. Commercially produced MWCNTs showed higher degree of graphitisation and fewer defects compared to plastic derived MWCNTs.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xin Zhang, Jiyun Tang, Juan Chen, Zhanlong Song, Yong Dong
Summary: During the co-pyrolysis of waste tires (WT) and waste plastic (PVC), volatile ZnCl2 is produced due to the presence of ZnO in WT and Cl in PVC. The addition of PVC reduces the relative enrichment of Zn in the solid product by 42.4% at 850 degrees C. CaO and Al2O3 facilitate Zn release, while MgO and Fe2O3 have enrichment effects on Zn. The adsorption mechanisms of metal oxides to ZnCl2 were investigated using density functional theory, revealing that ZnCl2 is physisorbed by Al2O3 and chemisorbed by CaO, Fe2O3, and MgO.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Santiago Orozco, Maite Artetxe, Gartzen Lopez, Mayra Suarez, Javier Bilbao, Martin Olazar
Summary: The study shows that continuous catalytic cracking of polyethylene over a spent FCC catalyst can achieve high catalyst activity and effectively recycle plastics at high temperatures, resulting in olefin products mainly composed of C5-C11 hydrocarbons.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
V. L. Mangesh, P. Tamizhdurai, S. Umasankar, R. Palaniswamy, S. Narayanan, T. Augustine, R. Kumaran, Zeid A. ALOthman, Mohamed Ouladsmane, Mani Govindasamy
Summary: This study investigates the energy utilization of plastic waste and successfully produces fuel that matches diesel through pyrolysis and hydroprocessing. The fuel demonstrates good combustion and emission performance in engine tests, providing a possibility for waste plastic energy recovery.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Leilei Dai, Nan Zhou, Yuancai Lv, Yanling Cheng, Yunpu Wang, Yuhuan Liu, Kirk Cobb, Paul Chen, Hanwu Lei, Roger Ruan
Summary: This study aims to convert waste plastic into low-carbon synthetic naphtha for new plastic production using catalytic pyrolysis technology. Experimental results show that Al2O3 pillared montmorillonite clay can produce high amounts of alkanes, while ZSM-5 produces aromatics and olefins. This technology offers promising potential for the recycling and resource utilization of waste plastics.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yu Gao, Xiaoxiao Yang, Zhongchao Tan, Xingyuan Yang, Yanguo Zhang, Hui Zhou, Qinghai Li
Summary: This study evaluates the applicability of monocrystalline silicon, multicrystalline silicon, GaAs, and perovskite solar cells in beam-splitting hybrid systems by analyzing their photovoltaic properties. The results show that silicon solar cells are ineffective for beam-splitting hybrid utilization, while GaAs solar cells can benefit from beam splitting to improve power conversion efficiency. Perovskite solar cells exhibit great potential for hybrid utilization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Osarieme Uyi Osazuwa, Sumaiya Zainal Abidin, Nurul Asmawati Roslan, Xiaolei Fan, Herma Dina Setiabudi, Dai-Viet N. Vo, Jude A. Onwudili
Summary: This study investigates the effects of different catalyst preparation methods on the performance of methane dry reforming reaction. It is found that the catalyst synthesized by Pechini sol-gel method shows higher carbon gasification rate and better stability compared to catalysts from other synthesis methods.
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcela M. Marcelino, Gary A. Leeke, Guozhan Jiang, Jude A. Onwudili, Carine T. Alves, Delano M. de Santana, Felipe A. Torres, Ednildo A. Torres, Silvio A. B. Vieira de Melo
Summary: This study explores the energy conversion of nickel-impregnated coconut shells using supercritical water for the first time. It is found that nickel nanoparticles can be successfully impregnated into the coconut shell at room temperature and a pH of 5.80. Through gasification experiments and optimization using the response surface methodology, the optimal conditions for achieving the highest H-2 yield and gasification efficiency are determined. The gasification of nickel-impregnated coconut shells shows significantly higher efficiency and hydrogen yield, as well as higher carbon and hydrogen efficiencies, attributed to the presence of nickel nanoparticles as nanocatalysts.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jude A. Onwudili, Vikas Sharma, Cristiane A. Scaldaferri, Abul K. Hossain
Summary: This study investigates the production and engine testing of a fuel blend containing upgraded bio-oil and fossil-derived solvent using an interdisciplinary approach. A 3-stage process of solvent-assisted catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil is used to obtain a fuel blend with nearly 18 vol% biofuel content. The upgraded biofuel blend shows superior or similar combustion and emission characteristics compared to conventional kerosene and diesel, with a 2% increase in engine performance.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Qiao Zheng, Shunli Du, Quanzhen Sun, Jingang Huang, Pengsen Chen, Hui Zhou, Hui Deng, Caixia Zhang, Jionghua Wu, Shuying Cheng
Summary: We successfully fabricated semitransparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) based on the PTB7-TH:PC71BM blended, achieving a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.06% and an average visible light transmission rate of 47.95%. To enhance sunlight absorption, we constructed multi-terminal tandem solar cells (TSCs) with three different structures. The TSCs composed of five stacked STOSCs exhibited a PCE of 10.83%. TSCs with STOSCs as the top cell and either normal organic solar cells or inorganic Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)(4) as the bottom cell achieved PCEs of 9.90% and 11.29%, respectively, with the absorption wavelength range extended to 1200 nm using an antireflection film.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Yujiang Wang, Haiyan Yang, Weizhi Song, Chihua Lu, Zhien Liu, Hui Zhou
Summary: This paper studies the dynamics and vibration reduction performance of the bistable nonlinear energy sink (BNES). The negative stiffness of BNES is realized by geometric nonlinearity, and the system's dynamics model is established. The slow flow equation of the system under 1:1 main resonance is analyzed using the complexification-averaging (CX-A) method, and the boundary conditions of saddle node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation are analyzed. The slow invariant manifold (SIM) of the BNES is studied based on multiscale analysis, and the excitation threshold of strongly modulated response (SMR) is analyzed; the numerical results verify the analysis results. The influence of structural parameters on the vibration reduction performance is analyzed and optimized. The comparison between BNES and CNES shows that BNES has better vibration reduction performance in the full frequency band.
JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Kaiye Hu, Hui Zhou, Lijun Mao
Summary: This paper studied the motion response and green water characteristics of tumblehome vessels under different bow configurations in regular waves using the Cartesian Grid Finite Difference Method. The results showed that the bow configuration had little effect on the motion response of the vessel, but greatly influenced the green water height and slamming pressure characteristics under high wave conditions. Compared to other bow configuration schemes, the vessel with a stem angle of 45 degrees had better comprehensive load performance when green water occurred.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Hui Zhou, Kaiye Hu, Lijun Mao, Mingliang Sun, Jiarong Cao
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of different wave elements and planing speeds on the motion response and vertical overload of amphibious aircraft using the Cartesian Grid Finite Difference Method (CGFDM). The numerical simulation results show good agreement with experimental values. The study reveals that the heave and pitch motion responses of amphibious aircraft exhibit certain regularity with changing wave conditions, and higher speeds and larger wave steepness can induce jumping motions and reduce aircraft stability.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Morenike Ajike Peters, Carine Tondo Alves, Jude Azubuike Onwudili
Summary: The aviation industry is a major contributor to global carbon dioxide emissions, and there is an increasing need to reduce its environmental impact. The production of biojet fuel from renewable biomass feedstocks offers a promising solution to this challenge, providing the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels in aviation. This review comprehensively discusses current and emerging biojet fuel conversion technologies, their feasibility, and sustainability. It explores various conversion pathways and the associated feedstocks, chemistry, and processing steps, with a focus on recent innovations to improve biojet product yields. The review also highlights the challenges and suggests future research directions to advance this important and rapidly growing sustainable fuel industry.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Cuiting Yuan, Yan Wang, Francisco M. Baena-Moreno, Zhen Pan, Rui Zhang, Hui Zhou, Zhien Zhang
Summary: The emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, has become a major cause of environmental degradation, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a proposed solution to mitigate its impact. Nanofluids, as a relatively new method for CO2 absorption, have gained attention in recent years. This review focuses on conventional methods for preparing nanofluids, techniques to improve their stability and enhance the CO2 absorption and desorption mechanisms, factors influencing the CO2 absorption process, accurate prediction models, and effective strategies to address challenges.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jude A. Onwudili, Cristiane A. Scaldaferri
Summary: A novel two-stage solvent-assisted batch catalytic hydroprocessing method was developed to upgrade intermediate pyrolysis bio-oil to produce blended liquid fuels with approximately 23 wt% hydrocarbon-rich biofuel content. The first stage reactions involving mixtures of dodecane and bio-oil, hydrogen gas, and metal-supported catalysts suppressed char formation and obtained up to 80 wt% liquid organic products dominated by ketones and phenols. The second stage reactions with the first stage organic liquid products gave over 90 wt% of blended liquid fuel. Pt/Al2O3 catalyst deactivated in the first stage but remained stable in the second stage.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hongchuang Tan, Suchao Xie, Hui Zhou, Wen Ma, Chengxing Yang, Jing Zhang
Summary: Due to the complexity of rolling bearing service conditions, vibration signals exhibit non-linear characteristics, making it challenging to extract fault features using single-scale feature extraction techniques. A new technique called multiscale symbolic dynamic entropy (MSDE) has been applied to fault diagnosis in machinery, but it has limitations such as poor stability, large errors, and even loss of information. To address these limitations, a novel sensible multiscale symbol dynamic entropy (SMSDE) method was proposed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Carine T. Alves, Jude A. Onwudili, Payam Ghorbannezhad, Shogo Kumagai
Summary: Conventional biomass gasification involves complex chemical reactions to produce gas, with gasifying agents and gasification temperature as key factors. Air as the gasifying agent produces highly diluted producer gas, while nitrogen-free gasifying agents produce syngas suitable for various downstream uses. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies have contributed to understanding biomass gasification. Strategies to reduce tar formation and the historical perspective and current trends of biomass gasification are also discussed.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyu Zhang, Mengna Wu, Zheng Qian, Qinghai Li, Yanguo Zhang, Hui Zhou
Summary: The advancement of biomass utilization technology is crucial for addressing global climate change and the depletion of fossil resources. This study investigates the production of CO-rich syngas from the CO2 gasification-reforming of biomass components. The results show that using nanorod CeO2 supported Ni catalysts can enhance volatile CO2 reforming reactions and significantly increase gas yield. The structure and stability of the catalysts were characterized for further understanding.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yongqing Xu, Mengna Wu, Xiaoxiao Yang, Shuzhuang Sun, Qinghai Li, Yanguo Zhang, Chunfei Wu, Robert E. Przekop, Eliza Romanczuk-Ruszuk, Daria Paku, Hui Zhou
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances and prospects in sorption-enhanced steam reforming of bio-ethanol (SESRE) and bio-glycerol (SESRG). These processes offer promising solutions for efficient hydrogen production and carbon dioxide capture. The importance of catalysts, particularly dual-functional materials (DFMs), is highlighted. However, there is currently a lack of criteria for engineering DFMs in SESRE and SESRG processes.
CARBON CAPTURE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Chemistry, Applied
Jia Liu, Juntong Dong, Xiaodan Li, Teng Xu, Zhenguo Li, Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah, Mubasher Ikram, Shihai Zhang, Chao Jin, Zhenlong Geng, Tianyun Sun, Haifeng Liu
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Seba Alareeqi, Daniel Bahamon, Kyriaki Polychronopoulou, Lourdes F. Vega
Summary: This study explores the potential application of single-atom-alloy (SAA) catalysts in bio-oils hydrodeoxygenation refining using density functional theory (DFT) and microkinetic modeling. It establishes the relationships between stability, adsorptive properties, and activity structures for bio-oil derivatives, providing guidance for the synthesis of cost-effective SAA combinations.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bin Hu, Wen -Ming Zhang, Xue-Wen Guo, Ji Liu, Xiao Yang, Qiang Lu
Summary: This study explored the pyrolysis behaviors and mechanisms of different monosaccharides, including arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid. The roles of structural differences in these monosaccharides were analyzed, and it was found that glucuronic acid undergoes a special C-C bond breaking reaction during pyrolysis. The findings provide a deep understanding of the pyrolysis chemistry of hemicellulose and the role of different branches.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Youwei Zhi, Donghai Xu, Guanyu Jiang, Wanpeng Yang, Zhilin Chen, Peigao Duan, Jie Zhang
Summary: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an effective method for the harmless disposal of municipal sludge (MS) and offers potential applications for the obtained products. Optimizing reaction conditions, coupling with other waste materials, and combining different processes can improve the performance of HTC. Furthermore, HTC contributes to energy recovery and enhances the quality of life cycle assessment.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jia Wang, Jianchun Jiang, Dongxian Li, Xianzhi Meng, Arthur J. Ragauskas
Summary: This study presents a scalable process for converting holocellulose and cellulosic wastes into advanced oxygen-containing biofuels with high furan, cyclic ketone, and ethanol content. By combining hydropyrolysis and vapor-phase hydrodeoxygenation using Pd/Al2O3 as a catalyst, the researchers achieved high yields and conversions. The integrated process holds great promise for biomass waste conversion into advanced biofuels.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Florian Held, Jannis Reusch, Steffen Salenbauch, Christian Hasse
Summary: The accurate prediction and assessment of soot emissions in internal combustion engines are crucial for the development of sustainable powertrains. This study presents a detailed quadrature-based method of moments (QMOM) soot model coupled with a state-of-the-art flow solver for the simulation of gasoline engines. The model accurately describes the entire cause-and-effect chain of soot formation, growth and oxidation. Experimental validation and engine cycle simulations are used to identify the root cause of observed soot formation hotspots.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
