Article
Cell Biology
Shaozhong Yang, Franco K. C. Au, Gefei Li, Jianwei Lin, Xiang David Li, Robert Z. Qi
Summary: Yang et al. uncover a mechanism by which the centrosomin motif 1 (CM1) regulates microtubule nucleation and cellular organization. This regulation is achieved through an autoinhibitory mechanism and can be relieved by phosphorylation. This study provides valuable insights into the control of microtubule formation in cells.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Michal Wieczorek, Shih-Chieh Ti, Linas Urnavicius, Kelly R. Molloy, Amol Aher, Brian T. Chait, Tarun M. Kapoor
Summary: The study successfully reconstituted the human gamma-TuRC and generated a subcomplex lacking MZT1 and actin. Comparisons showed that the subcomplex without the lumenal bridge can nucleate microtubules similarly to the holocomplex but with structural differences.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Rana Amini, Raimund Schluessler, Stephanie Moellmert, Archit Bhatnagar, Jochen Guck, Caren Norden
Summary: This article investigates the multipolar migration of horizontal cells in the zebrafish retina and discovers that these cells exhibit amoeboid-like characteristics, adapting to the spatial constraints of the developing retina. The study also finds that the interaction between cells and tissues is crucial for the migration and layer formation of horizontal cells.
Article
Cell Biology
Koyo Ide, Mika Muko, Kensuke Hayashi
Summary: Research has shown that microtubule nucleation around the nucleus primarily occurs on the Golgi apparatus, rather than at the nuclear envelope or gaps in the perinuclear Golgi apparatus. Disruption of the perinuclear Golgi apparatus eliminates perinuclear microtubule regrowth, indicating the importance of the Golgi apparatus in microtubule organization in skeletal muscle cells.
HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tianyu Wu, Jie Dong, Jing Fu, Yanping Kuang, Biaobang Chen, Hao Gu, Yuxi Luo, Ruihuan Gu, Meiling Zhang, Wen Li, Xi Dong, Xiaoxi Sun, Qing Sang, Lei Wang
Summary: This study identified a structure called huoMTOC in human oocytes and revealed its essential role in spindle assembly. The huoMTOC originates beneath the oocyte cortex, migrates near the nuclear envelope, and fragments to initiate microtubule nucleation and spindle assembly.
Article
Developmental Biology
Farners Amargant, Aida Pujol, Anna Ferrer-Vaquer, Merce Durban, Meritxell Martinez, Rita Vassena, Isabelle Vernos
Summary: Through proteomics and immunofluorescence studies, it was discovered that the human zygote inherits a basal body enriched with centrosomal proteins from the sperm, establishing the first functional centrosome of the new organism. The centrosome contributes to the robustness of early cell divisions, increasing the probability of parthenotes reaching the compaction stage. In the absence of the sperm-derived centrosome, pericentriolar material components stored in the oocyte can form new structures de novo, suggesting tight control of PCM expression in zygotes.
MOLECULAR HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Jacob Austin, Ying Tu, Kaushik Pal, Xuefeng Wang
Summary: This study investigates the relationship among integrin tensions, vinculin, and focal adhesion (FA) formation. Through manipulations and visualizations, it is found that only when integrin tensions reach a certain threshold value, large FAs can be formed. In the absence of vinculin, integrin tensions decrease, leading to the inability to activate the necessary forces for FA formation, indicating the essential role of vinculin in transmitting high and intermediate levels of integrin tensions in FAs.
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ting-Yu Chen, Tzu-Chien Lin, Pao-Lin Kuo, Zi-Rong Chen, Hui-ling Cheng, Yu-Ying Chao, Jhih-Siang Syu, Fu- Lu, Chia-Yih Wang
Summary: SEPT7 plays a crucial role in maintaining proper cell proliferation and microtubule array formation by interacting with p150(glued) at the centrosome. Depletion of SEPT7 leads to mitotic defects, disorganized microtubule nucleation, and reduced cell migration, while overexpression of p150(glued) rescues the defective phenotypes. These findings highlight the importance of SEPT7 in regulating cell division and organization.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Richard Felix Kraus, Michael Andreas Gruber
Summary: Neutrophils, as part of the innate immune response, play a crucial role in defending against pathogens but can also mediate tissue damage in various diseases. Recent scientific advancements have expanded our understanding of neutrophils, highlighting their importance beyond immune defense to maintaining overall body integrity. This review delves into the role of neutrophils, their migration processes, immune properties, and behavior in cancer environments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mei Yang, Qishan Chen, Li Mei, Guanmei Wen, Weiwei An, Xinmiao Zhou, Kaiyuan Niu, Chenxin Liu, Meixia Ren, Kun Sun, Qingzhong Xiao, Li Zhang
Summary: The study identified the important role of neutrophil elastase in VSMC function and NIH, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for vascular disease.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Kseniya Ustinova, Felix Ruhnow, Maria Gili, Thomas Surrey
Summary: Mitotic spindle assembly is a highly regulated process, and the Ran-GTP pathway plays a crucial role in controlling the activity of spindle assembly factors. The augmin complex, composed of eight subunits, is essential for the local stimulation of branched microtubule nucleation around chromosomes. In this study, the researchers reconstituted the Ran-GTP-regulated microtubule binding of the augmin complex and found that importins directly bind to augmin, inhibiting its binding to microtubules. The inhibitory effect is relieved by Ran-GTP, suggesting that the augmin complex is a direct target of the Ran-GTP pathway.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hsiang-Pu Feng, Hsiao-Yun Cheng, Ting-Feng Hsiao, Tai-Wei Lin, Jia-Wei Hsu, Lien-Hung Huang, Chia-Jung Yu
Summary: ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) and Arf-like (Arl) GTPases are crucial regulators of intracellular vesicle trafficking and Golgi structure. In this study, it was found that ArfGAP1 can promote GTP hydrolysis of Arl1, affecting its function at the trans-Golgi network (TGN).
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Denise E. Allen, Kevin C. Donohue, Cathryn R. Cadwell, David Shin, Matthew G. Keefe, Vikaas S. Sohal, Tomasz J. Nowakowski
Summary: The progenitors of the human neocortex are located in the ventricular and outer subventricular zones. This study demonstrates that astrocytes derived from these zones populate distinct layers and exhibit morphological and molecular differences.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dong Zhan, Andrew Cross, Helen L. Wright, Robert J. Moots, Steven W. Edwards, Sittisak Honsawek
Summary: Neutrophil-derived microvesicles (NDMVs) have the potential to exert anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting broad-spectrum proinflammatory cytokine secretion stimulated by TNF alpha in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. This suggests a potential therapeutic role of NDMVs in regulating the function of synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Samantha L. Tucker, Demba Sarr, Balazs Rada
Summary: This study identified the presence of NETs in the airways of beta ENaC-Tg mice, even in the absence of bacterial infections, suggesting the potential use of beta ENaC-Tg mice as a model for studying the role of NETs in chronic CF airway inflammation.