Article
Immunology
Nuha Milad Ashtiwi, Demba Sarr, Tamas Nagy, Z. Beau Reneer, Ralph A. Tripp, Balazs Rada
Summary: The combination treatment of OSCN- and AMT shows potential in curing lethal influenza virus infection. Monotherapy with OSCN- or AMT alone does not substantially improve survival outcomes, but the combination treatment significantly inhibits viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juergen Arnhold, Ernst Malle
Summary: This article reviews the unique characteristics and mechanisms of mammalian heme peroxidases in oxidizing (pseudo)halides under physiological conditions. It highlights the importance of thyroid peroxidase and peroxidasin in thyroid hormone synthesis and basement membrane formation, as well as the properties and (pseudo)halogenated products of immunologically relevant proteins. The potential roles of these (pseudo)halogenated products are further discussed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Demba Sarr, Aaron D. Gingerich, Nuha Milad Asthiwi, Faris Almutairi, Giuseppe A. Sautto, Jeffrey Ecker, Tamas Nagy, Matthew B. Kilgore, Joshua D. Chandler, Ted M. Ross, Ralph A. Tripp, Balazs Rada
Summary: A study has shown the antiviral role of Duox1 in promoting innate immunity in vivo, with Duox1-deficient mice exhibiting increased susceptibility to influenza. In vitro experiments demonstrated that OSCN- generated by DUOX1 and LPO can inhibit influenza virus replication, suggesting therapeutic potential in boosting this mechanism to treat viral infections.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Luca Cegolon, Mattia Mirandola, Claudio Salaris, Maria Vittoria Salvati, Giuseppe Mastrangelo, Cristiano Salata
Summary: Research has shown that hypothiocyanite and lactoferrin have virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, potentially reducing viral transmission. This combination has been designated as an orphan drug and may serve as a treatment option for COVID-19.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Susan O. Kim, Joseph P. Shapiro, Kirsten A. Cottrill, Genoah L. Collins, Shivanthan Shanthikumar, Padma Rao, Sarath Ranganathan, Stephen M. Stick, Michael L. Orr, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Young-Mi Go, Dean P. Jones, Rabindra M. Tirouvanziam, Joshua D. Chandler
Summary: MPO released by neutrophils in inflamed tissues can produce different oxidants, which have varying effects on the metabolome of human airway epithelial cells. The study suggests that specific metabolites of these oxidants may serve as biomarkers of lung damage.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juergen Arnhold
Summary: Mucous surfaces serve as important boundaries in our organism, regulating the fluxes of metabolites and defense reactions. Heme peroxidases such as LPO, MPO, and EPO play crucial roles in immune protection at epithelial surfaces and in secretions.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isis Janilkarn-Urena, Alina Idrissova, Mindy Zhang, Masha Vandreal, Neysa Sanghavi, Samantha G. Skinner, Sydney Cheng, Zeyu Zhang, Junji Watanabe, Liana Asatryan, Enrique Cadenas, Daryl L. Davies
Summary: Excessive alcohol consumption can cause alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), for which no effective treatments currently exist. However, dihydromyricetin (DHM), a bioactive polyphenol and flavonoid, has shown potential as a cost-effective and safe candidate for combating ALD by alleviating ethanol-induced disruptions in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism and demonstrating hepatoprotective activity.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcin Magacz, Maria Oszajca, Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik, Ryszard Drozdz, Anna Jurczak, Jakub Hadzik, Aleksander Smakosz, Wirginia Krzysciak
Summary: Lactoperoxidase plays a crucial role in antimicrobial defense in the oral cavity, and plant extracts, such as those from Reynoutria sp. rhizomes, have been tested for their potential to reactivate its antimicrobial activity. This study demonstrates that Reynoutria sp. rhizomes can act as activators or inhibitors of the antimicrobial properties of lactoperoxidase system.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yousef A. Al-Dashti, Roberta R. Holt, Carl L. Keen, Robert M. Hackman
Summary: Research on cardioprotective foods like dates is essential for addressing global public health needs. While animal studies show promising results, more human research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of date fruit on vascular health. Conducting thorough clinical trials and assessing functional markers of vascular disease will provide valuable information for human health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rick Sheridan, Kevin Spelman
Summary: The Covid-19 pandemic has received significant attention in terms of vaccine and antiviral drug research, but little attention has been given to plant-derived compounds. This review highlights the potential of polyphenolic compounds, found in herbs, spices, fruits, and vegetables, as antiviral agents. Studies have shown that these compounds have the ability to inhibit viral replication and may be effective against a range of infectious viral diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adele Chimento, Arianna De Luca, Maria D'Amico, Francesca De Amicis, Vincenzo Pezzi
Summary: Various literature data suggest that a diet rich in vegetables can reduce the incidence of cancer by utilizing the natural polyphenols present in them. Polyphenols possess various pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antibiotic, antiseptic, anti-allergic, cardioprotective, and even anti-tumor properties. The anti-tumor action of polyphenols involves multiple mechanisms associated with cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, metastasis, and cell death. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of the apoptotic molecular mechanisms induced by representative polyphenols in cancer cells, which can be utilized in the development of new therapeutic strategies against cancer involving polyphenols as adjuvants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ilia A. Dereven'kov, Vladimir S. Osokin
Summary: The study investigated the reactions between cobalamins and hypothiocyanite (OSCN-), showing that different types of cobalamins react differently in the presence of OSCN-. The formation of hypothiocyanitocobalamin is influenced by various factors, such as the type of cobalamin and the presence of other ligands.
Article
Microbiology
Heather L. Shearer, Paul E. Pace, Leah M. Smith, Peter C. Fineran, Allison J. Matthews, Andrew Camilli, Nina Dickerhof, Mark B. Hampton
Summary: By using saturation transposon mutagenesis and deep sequencing, this study identified 37 genes associated with hypothiocyanous acid (HOSCN) tolerance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. These genes are involved in metabolism, membrane transport, DNA repair, and oxidant detoxification. Validation experiments showed that most of the single-gene deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to HOSCN, and some mutants showed enhanced activity of antioxidant defense systems. The double deletion of glutathione reductase and sodA significantly sensitized the bacteria. The HOSCN defense systems identified in this study may serve as viable targets for novel therapeutics against S. pneumoniae.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aisha Kafoud, Zoya Salahuddin, Raghad Sabaawi Ibrahim, Reem Al-Janahi, Alena Mazurakova, Peter Kubatka, Dietrich Buesselberg
Summary: Neuroblastoma is a common malignancy in infants and children, and the current treatment often leads to relapse and long-term side effects. Polyphenols, including the subclass of flavonoids, have shown potential in inducing apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. This review explores the use of various polyphenols and their mechanisms of action, suggesting significant potential for in vivo research.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana L. Becerril-Sanchez, Baciliza Quintero-Salazar, Octavio Dublan-Garcia, Hector B. Escalona-Buendia
Summary: Honey has been used since ancient times for its sensory, nutritional, and therapeutic properties, which are related to its physical and chemical composition. Phenolic compounds play a significant role in honey, influencing its antioxidant activity, botanical-geographical origin, and sensory characteristics. Researchers are increasingly interested in the study of phenolic compounds and their impact on honey's biological and functional activity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefan Hofbauer, Vera Pfanzagl, Hanna Michlits, Daniel Schmidt, Christian Obinger, Paul G. Furtmueller
Summary: This review focuses on the high functional diversity within the structural superfamily of porphyrin-binding dimeric alpha + beta barrel proteins, specifically analyzing chlorite dismutases, dye-decolorizing peroxidases, and coproheme decarboxylases in detail. Differences in sequence lengths and structural conformations in loop regions connecting ferredoxin-like domains within subunits contribute to defining substrate channels and active site architectures. The orientation of the redox cofactor varies in the analyzed enzymes, highlighting unsolved mechanistic questions and suggesting areas for future research.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Schmidt, Ilenia Serra, Georg Mlynek, Vera Pfanzagl, Stefan Hofbauer, Paul G. Furtmueller, Kristina Djinovic-Carugo, Sabine Van Doorslaer, Christian Obinger
Summary: Chlorite dismutases (Clds) are oxidoreductases that can decompose chlorite to chloride and molecular oxygen. They are divided into two clades based on differences in oligomerization, subunit architecture, and hydrogen-bonding networks. The conformational dynamics of the distal catalytic arginine have a significant impact on heme coordination, structure, and catalysis, with a minor effect on the catalytic efficiency of chlorite degradation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefan Hofbauer, Marcello Pignataro, Marco Borsari, Carlo Augusto Bortolotti, Giulia Di Rocco, Gianina Ravenscroft, Paul G. Furtmuller, Christian Obinger, Marco Sola, Gianantonio Battistuzzi
Summary: The autosomal dominant striated muscle disease myoglobinopathy is caused by a single point mutation in human myoglobin, leading to increased reactivity towards hydrogen peroxide, enhanced tendency to form high-molecular-weight aggregates, and accelerated heme bleaching. These effects contribute to impaired oxygen binding capacity and faster heme dissociation, ultimately impacting the pathological symptoms of myoglobinopathy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Gabler, Federico Sebastiani, Johannes Helm, Andrea Dali, Christian Obinger, Paul G. Furtmueller, Giulietta Smulevich, Stefan Hofbauer
Summary: Coproporphyrin III serves as the substrate for coproporphyrin ferrochelatases (CpfCs), playing a crucial role in the coproporphyrin-dependent haeme biosynthesis pathway utilized mainly by monoderm bacteria. This pathway differs from the protoporphyrin-dependent pathway, commonly used by diderm bacteria, showcasing distinct substrate ferrochelatases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel R. Ramos, Paul G. Furtmueller, Christian Obinger, Moises Canle, M. Isabel Fernandez, M. Victoria Garcia, J. Arturo Santaballa
Summary: MPO is an enzyme mainly expressed in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils, and it plays a role in the defense against pathogens by catalyzing the formation of reactive oxygen species. Research shows that ionizing radiation affects MPO activity at peripheral functional groups rather than at its core structure. These findings are important for understanding the resistance mechanism of our innate anti-pathogenic defense system and for developing therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian Obinger
Summary: This paper presents the first purification and characterization of a manganese peroxidase, demonstrating its ability to oxidize various compounds using hydrogen peroxide and Mn(II). This discovery in 1985 laid the foundation for extensive research on the structure-function relationships, ecological roles, and industrial applications of manganese peroxidases.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anja Wagner, Edgar Galicia-Andres, Magdalena Teufl, Lukas Gold, Christian Obinger, Peter Sykacek, Chris Oostenbrink, Michael W. Traxlmayr
Summary: By screening a mutated EGFR library, previously unknown activating mutations in EGFR were discovered. These mutations are not only located in the kinase domain of EGFR, but also in other regions, including the extracellular and transmembrane domains.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Schmidt, Nikolaus Falb, Ilenia Serra, Marzia Bellei, Vera Pfanzagl, Stefan Hofbauer, Sabine Van Doorslaer, Gianantonio Battistuzzi, Paul G. Furtmuller, Christian Obinger
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Dali, Thomas Gabler, Federico Sebastiani, Alina Destinger, Paul Georg Furtmueller, Vera Pfanzagl, Maurizio Becucci, Giulietta Smulevich, Stefan Hofbauer
Summary: Coproporphyrin ferrochelatases (CpfCs) are enzymes that catalyze the penultimate step in the coproporphyrin-dependent heme biosynthesis pathway. The discovery of the correct substrate for these ferrochelatases and the characterization of their binding mode provide valuable insights into the iron insertion process. This knowledge is essential for understanding the preconditions and mechanisms of iron insertion in CpfCs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel R. Ramos, Paul G. Furtmueller, Christian Obinger, Angeles Pena-Gallego, Ignacio Perez-Juste, J. Arturo Santaballa
Summary: Electronic structure calculations using DFT were conducted to examine the influence of water molecules and protonation on the heme group of peroxidases in different redox and spin states. The study discusses shared geometries, spectroscopic properties, and thermodynamics of peroxidases. Computed Gibbs free energies suggest that the corresponding aquo complexes are not thermodynamically stable, supporting the five-coordinate Fe(III) center in native ferric peroxidases with a non-bonding water molecule. Protonation of the ferryl oxygen of compound II is found to be necessary and computed Gibbs free energies reveal pK(a) values of approximately 8.5-9.0 for compound II.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jürgen Beck, Matthias Biechele, Christoph Repik, Petra Gruber, Paul G. Furtmueller, Rainer Hahn
Summary: This study systematically compared the elution behavior of plasmid DNA on three common anion exchange resins. It was found that plasmid DNA consistently elutes at a characteristic salt concentration in linear gradient elution, and elutes only above this concentration in isocratic elution. Structural analysis supported this explanation.
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gaurav Patil, Hanna Michlits, Paul G. Furtmueller, Stefan Hofbauer
Summary: Coproheme decarboxylases (ChdCs) are enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of heme. This study focuses on the second part of the decarboxylation reaction catalyzed by ChdCs, which has not been previously studied. The researchers optimized the production and purification of a intermediate compound called monovinyl, monopropionate deuteroheme (MMD), and used it to study the reaction mechanism. The results indicate that the second part of the reaction is similar to the first part, with slight differences in the active site architecture and H-bonding network.
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siew Chin Chan, Chih-Wei Tung, Chia-Wei Lin, Yun-Shiuan Tung, Po-Min Wu, Pei-Hsun Cheng, Chuan-Mu Chen, Shang-Hsun Yang
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suyuan Liu, Meiling Tan, Jiangxue Cai, Chenxuan Li, Miaoxin Yang, Xiaoxiao Sun, Bin He
Summary: This study reveals that the antibiotic doxycycline effectively inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by targeting mitochondrial translation and mtDNA synthesis, offering potential for the treatment of NLRP3-related diseases.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Liu, Nana Li, Ge Kuang, Xia Gong, Ting Wang, Jun Hu, Hui Du, Minxuan Zhong, Jiashi Guo, Yao Xie, Yang Xiang, Shengwang Wu, Yiling Yuan, Xinru Yin, Jingyuan Wan, Ke Li
Summary: Protectin D1 (PTD1) improves hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in a NASH mouse model by inhibiting the activation of TLR4 downstream signaling pathway, possibly through upregulation of IRAK-M expression, suggesting a potential new treatment for NASH.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2024)
