4.7 Article

Distinct oxidative cleavage and modification of bovine [Cu- Zn]-SOD by an ascorbic acid/Cu(II) system: Identification of novel copper binding site on SOD molecule

Journal

FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 94, Issue -, Pages 161-173

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.020

Keywords

SOD; Metal catalyzed oxidation; Copper; Ascorbic acid; Carbonylation; Mass spectrometry

Funding

  1. FDA CDER Critical Path Initiative
  2. Intramural Research Program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

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We investigated the combined effect of ascorbate and copper [Asc/Cu(II)] on the integrity of bovine [Cu-Zn]-superoxide dismutase (bSOD1) as a model system to study the metal catalyzed oxidation (MCO) and fragmentation of proteins. We found Asc/Cu(II) mediates specific cleavage of bSOD1 and generates 12.5 and 3.2 kDa fragments in addition to oxidation/carbonylation of the protein. The effect of other tested transition metals, a metal chelator, and hydrogen peroxide on the cleavage and oxidation indicated that binding of copper to a previously unknown site on SOD1 is responsible for the Asc/Cu(II) specific cleavage and oxidation. We utilized tandem mass spectrometry to identify the specific cleavage sites of Asc/Cu(II)treated bSOD1. Analyses of tryptic- and AspN-peptides have demonstrated the cleavage to occur at Gly31 with peptide bond breakage with Thr30 and Ser32 through diamide and alpha-amidation pathways, respectively. The three-dimensional structure of bSOD1 reveals the imidazole ring of His19 localized within 5 angstrom from the alpha-carbon of Gly31 providing a structural basis that copper ion, most likely coordinated by His19, catalyzes the specific cleavage reaction. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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