Effect of clinical isolate or cleavage site mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on protein stability, cleavage, and cell–cell fusion

Parainfluenza virus 5 fusion protein maintains pre-fusion stability but not fusogenic activity following mutation of a transmembrane leucine/isoleucine domain

(2020) Jean Mawuena Branttie et al.   JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY

Pulmonary pathology of early phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer

(2020) Sufang Tian et al.   Journal of Thoracic Oncology

A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

(2020) Peng Zhou et al.   NATURE

Structural basis for the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2

(2020) Renhong Yan et al.   SCIENCE

Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation

(2020) Daniel Wrapp et al.   SCIENCE

Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome

(2020) Zhe Xu et al.   Lancet Respiratory Medicine

The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade

(2020) B. Coutard et al.   ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH

Spike protein recognition of mammalian ACE2 predicts the host range and an optimized ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) Junwen Luan et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2

(2020) Qihui Wang et al.   CELL

Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

(2020) Alexandra C. Walls et al.   CELL

SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   CELL

A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein

(2020) Hong Zhou et al.   CURRENT BIOLOGY

Viropathic multinuclear syncytial giant cells in bronchial fluid from a patient with COVID-19

(2020) Sylvia Stadlmann et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

A Multibasic Cleavage Site in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Is Essential for Infection of Human Lung Cells

(2020) Markus Hoffmann et al.   MOLECULAR CELL

Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor

(2020) Jun Lan et al.   NATURE

Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Jian Shang et al.   NATURE

Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2

(2020) Jian Shang et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Emergence of Drift Variants That May Affect COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Antibody Treatment

(2020) Takahiko Koyama et al.   Pathogens

Variant analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes

(2020) Takahiko Koyama et al.   BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus

(2020) Bette Korber et al.   CELL

Emergence of European and North American mutant variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 in South‐East Asia

(2020) Ovinu Kibria Islam et al.   Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

Geographic and Genomic Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 Mutations

(2020) Daniele Mercatelli et al.   Frontiers in Microbiology

Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic

(2020) Maciej F. Boni et al.   Nature Microbiology

Delving deep into the structural aspects of a furin cleavage site inserted into the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2: A structural biophysical perspective

(2020) Wei Li   BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

Structural and Functional Analysis of the D614G SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variant

(2020) Leonid Yurkovetskiy et al.   CELL

Syncytia formation by SARS‐CoV‐2 infected cells

(2020) Julian Buchrieser et al.   EMBO JOURNAL

Postmortem examination of three SARS-CoV-2-positive autopsies including histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis

(2020) George-Călin Oprinca et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE

Receptor binding and priming of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for membrane fusion

(2020) Donald J. Benton et al.   NATURE

Neuropilin-1 is a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection

(2020) James L. Daly et al.   SCIENCE

Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity

(2020) Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri et al.   SCIENCE

Evolutionary and structural analyses of SARS-CoV-2 D614G spike protein mutation now documented worldwide

(2020) Sandra Isabel et al.   Scientific Reports

Ultrastructural analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with the host cell via high resolution scanning electron microscopy

(2020) Lucio Ayres Caldas et al.   Scientific Reports

The sequence at Spike S1/S2 site enables cleavage by furin and phospho-regulation in SARS-CoV2 but not in SARS-CoV1 or MERS-CoV

(2020) Mihkel Örd et al.   Scientific Reports

Furin Inhibitors Block SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Cleavage to Suppress Virus Production and Cytopathic Effects

(2020) Ya-Wen Cheng et al.   Cell Reports

SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein D614G mutation increases virion spike density and infectivity

(2020) Lizhou Zhang et al.   Nature Communications

New Consensus pattern in Spike CoV-2: potential implications in coagulation process and cell–cell fusion

(2020) Silvia Buonvino et al.   Cell Death Discovery

Biochemical analysis of coronavirus spike glycoprotein conformational intermediates during membrane fusion

(2019) Miyuki Kawase et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Transmembrane domain dissociation is required for Hendra F protein fusogenic activity

(2019) Kerri Beth Slaughter et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

The Proteolytic Regulation of Virus Cell Entry by Furin and Other Proprotein Convertases

(2019) Gonzalo Izaguirre   Viruses-Basel

Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Bat Coronavirus Infection

(2019) Vineet D. Menachery et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Physiological and molecular triggers for SARS-CoV membrane fusion and entry into host cells

(2018) Jean Kaoru Millet et al.   VIROLOGY

Lysosomal proteases are a determinant of coronavirus tropism

(2018) Yuan Zheng et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Hendra virus fusion protein transmembrane domain contributes to pre-fusion protein stability

(2017) Stacy Webb et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins

(2016) Fang Li   Annual Review of Virology

Two Mutations Were Critical for Bat-to-Human Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

(2015) Yang Yang et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Bat-to-human: spike features determining ‘host jump’ of coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and beyond

(2015) Guangwen Lu et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY

Viral membrane fusion

(2015) Stephen C. Harrison   VIROLOGY

Host cell proteases: Critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis

(2015) Jean Kaoru Millet et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

Cleavage of a Neuroinvasive Human Respiratory Virus Spike Glycoprotein by Proprotein Convertases Modulates Neurovirulence and Virus Spread within the Central Nervous System

(2015) Alain Le Coupanec et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Analysis of Cathepsin and Furin Proteolytic Enzymes Involved in Viral Fusion Protein Activation in Cells of the Bat Reservoir Host

(2015) Farah El Najjar et al.   PLoS One

Inhibition of Proprotein Convertases Abrogates Processing of the Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein in Infected Cells but Does Not Reduce Viral Infectivity

(2014) S. Gierer et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein

(2014) Jean Kaoru Millet et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Mediated by the Transmembrane Serine Protease TMPRSS2

(2013) Kazuya Shirato et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

The Spike Protein of the Emerging Betacoronavirus EMC Uses a Novel Coronavirus Receptor for Entry, Can Be Activated by TMPRSS2, and Is Targeted by Neutralizing Antibodies

(2013) S. Gierer et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Role of the Spike Glycoprotein of Human Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Virus Entry and Syncytia Formation

(2013) Zhaohui Qian et al.   PLoS One

The biology and therapeutic targeting of the proprotein convertases

(2012) Nabil G. Seidah et al.   NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY

Ready, Set, Fuse! The Coronavirus Spike Protein and Acquisition of Fusion Competence

(2012) Taylor Heald-Sargent et al.   Viruses-Basel

Mechanisms of Coronavirus Cell Entry Mediated by the Viral Spike Protein

(2012) Sandrine Belouzard et al.   Viruses-Basel

Role of host cellular proteases in the pathogenesis of influenza and influenza-induced multiple organ failure

(2011) Hiroshi Kido et al.   BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS

Cleavage and Activation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein by Human Airway Trypsin-Like Protease

(2011) S. Bertram et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Evidence that TMPRSS2 Activates the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein for Membrane Fusion and Reduces Viral Control by the Humoral Immune Response

(2011) I. Glowacka et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Different host cell proteases activate the SARS-coronavirus spike-protein for cell–cell and virus–cell fusion

(2011) Graham Simmons et al.   VIROLOGY

Elastase-mediated Activation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein at Discrete Sites within the S2 Domain

(2010) Sandrine Belouzard et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

A Transmembrane Serine Protease Is Linked to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor and Activates Virus Entry

(2010) A. Shulla et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Efficient Activation of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein by the Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS2

(2010) S. Matsuyama et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Modifications to the Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site Control the Virulence of a Neurotropic H1N1 Influenza Virus

(2010) X. Sun et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY

Cleavage of the SARS Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein by Airway Proteases Enhances Virus Entry into Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro

(2009) Yiu-Wing Kam et al.   PLoS One

Establishment, Immortalisation and Characterisation of Pteropid Bat Cell Lines

(2009) Gary Crameri et al.   PLoS One

Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites

(2009) S. Belouzard et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Spike Protein, S, of Human Coronavirus HKU1: Role in Viral Life Cycle and Application in Antibody Detection

(2008) Che-Man Chan et al.   EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

Cathepsin L Functionally Cleaves the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Class I Fusion Protein Upstream of Rather than Adjacent to the Fusion Peptide

(2008) B. J. Bosch et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY