Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 14, Issue 16, Pages 3333-3343Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101069
Keywords
biomass; electrode materials; energy storage; Li-ion batteries; sulfur
Funding
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Graphene Flagship [881603]
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [MAT2017-87541-R]
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [PID2020-113931RB-I00]
- Junta de Andalucia [FQM-175]
- University of Ferrara
- University of Ferrara (Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences)
- Sapienza University of Rome (Department of Chemistry)
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A full lithium-ion-sulfur cell with remarkable cycle life was achieved by combining a biomass-derived sulfur-carbon cathode and a pre-lithiated silicon oxide anode. The material exhibited reversible electrochemical process, limited electrode/electrolyte interphase resistance, and good rate capability in half-cell testing. Further investigation with a Li-alloying silicon oxide anode showed increased retention over 100 and 500 galvanostatic cycles, indicating the reliability of high-energy, green, and safe electrode materials for energy storage devices with extended cycle life.
A full lithium-ion-sulfur cell with a remarkable cycle life was achieved by combining an environmentally sustainable biomass-derived sulfur-carbon cathode and a pre-lithiated silicon oxide anode. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry of the cathode evidenced the disordered nature of the carbon matrix in which sulfur was uniformly distributed with a weight content as high as 75 %, while scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the micrometric morphology of the composite. The sulfur-carbon electrode in the lithium half-cell exhibited a maximum capacity higher than 1200 mAh g(S)(-1), reversible electrochemical process, limited electrode/electrolyte interphase resistance, and a rate capability up to C/2. The material showed a capacity decay of about 40 % with respect to the steady-state value over 100 cycles, likely due to the reaction with the lithium metal of dissolved polysulfides or impurities including P detected in the carbon precursor. Therefore, the replacement of the lithium metal with a less challenging anode was suggested, and the sulfur-carbon composite was subsequently investigated in the full lithium-ion-sulfur battery employing a Li-alloying silicon oxide anode. The full-cell revealed an initial capacity as high as 1200 mAh g(S)(-1), a retention increased to more than 79 % for 100 galvanostatic cycles, and 56 % over 500 cycles. The data reported herein well indicated the reliability of energy storage devices with extended cycle life employing high-energy, green, and safe electrode materials.
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