Review
Cell Biology
Ming Zhao, Xue-Fan Jiang, Hui-Qin Zhang, Jia-Hui Sun, Hui Pei, Li-Na Ma, Yu Cao, Hao Li
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with no satisfying curative therapies currently available. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier contributes to the onset and progression of AD, yet the pathogenesis caused by BBB injury remains unclear. Glial cells play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of BBB and neuronal function.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andrew G. Murchison
Summary: This article posits that amyloid deposition and increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier are early independent events in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, contributing to a distinct microglial activation phenotype. Downstream effects such as synapse phagocytosis and persistent glutamate signally through NMDA receptors lead to neurodegeneration and tau pathology. This hypothesis aims to shed light on unexplained temporal and spatial features of AD by drawing from multiple lines of evidence.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yipeng Zhao, Siyu Tian, Jie Zhang, Xi Cheng, Wenping Huang, Guoliang Cao, Yan-Zhong Chang, Hai Wang, Guangjun Nie, Wei Qiu
Summary: Using modified liraglutide nanostructures can inhibit neuroinflammation and promote the differentiation of astrocytes into protective cell types, thereby significantly alleviating the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sehwan Kim, Chanchal Sharma, Un Ju Jung, Sang Ryong Kim
Summary: The blood-brain barrier regulates the entry of harmful substances into the brain and its impairment leads to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease. Blood-borne proteins, such as prothrombin and fibrinogen, infiltrate the brain, activate microglia, and exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses. Identifying these proteins and understanding the mechanisms of microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation can provide therapeutic strategies for AD prevention.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Huaqing Zhang, Wenxin Jiang, Yuanpei Zhao, Tingting Song, Yilong Xi, Guochen Han, Yi Jin, Mingjie Song, Kaiwen Bai, Jianping Zhou, Yang Ding
Summary: This study highlights the role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and provides a promising tactic for modulating microglial dysfunction. By using a nanoscavenger, the researchers were able to accelerate Aβ catabolism and normalize microglial dysfunction, resulting in reversal of memory deficit and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of the disease.
Article
Immunology
Mariana G. Fronza, Rodolfo Baldinotti, Jenifer Fetter, Suzan Goncalves Rosa, Manoela Sacramento, Cristina Wayne Nogueira, Diego Alves, Domenico Pratico, Lucielli Savegnago
Summary: Clinical and preclinical investigations have suggested a biological link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). A pharmacologic approach using QTC-4-MeOBnE has shown benefits in treating depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairments induced by lipopolysaccharide injections in mice. The effects are associated with restoring blood-brain barrier permeability, reducing oxidative/nitrosative biomarkers, and decreasing neuroinflammation mediated NF-KB signaling.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Atsuko Katsumoto, Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran, Shane M. Bemiller, Guixiang Xu, Richard M. Ransohoff, Bruce T. Lamb
Summary: This study found that traumatic brain injury promotes Alzheimer's disease-like pathological features and that deficiency of TREM2 accelerates inflammation and neurodegeneration, leading to brain damage and impaired neurological function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengzheng Ruan, Dongdong Zhang, Ruixue Huang, Wei Sun, Liyan Hou, Jie Zhao, Qingshan Wang
Summary: Chronic neuroinflammation damages dopaminergic neurons in a rotenone-induced mouse PD model through blood-brain barrier dysfunction mediated by microglial MMP-2/-9 activation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adolfo Lopez-Ornelas, Adriana Jimenez, Gilberto Perez-Sanchez, Citlali Ekaterina Rodriguez-Perez, Alejandro Corzo-Cruz, Ivan Velasco, Enrique Estudillo
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder with increasing prevalence. Understanding its pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective treatment. Despite recent efforts in drug development, the neuronal damage caused by Amyloid beta peptide and Tau protein abnormalities remains a challenge. Peripheral inflammation is closely associated with the onset and progression of AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Wenhao Huang, Qing Xia, Feifei Zheng, Xue Zhao, Fangliang Ge, Jiaying Xiao, Zijie Liu, Yingying Shen, Ke Ye, Dayong Wang, Yanze Li
Summary: The neurovascular unit (NVU) plays a crucial role in the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), maintaining microenvironmental homeostasis and metabolic balance in the central nervous system. Microglia, an important component of the NVU, promote neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and neurovascular uncoupling, leading to NVU impairment. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of microglia-mediated NVU dysfunction in AD and advancements in therapeutic approaches targeting microglial function and NVU restoration. Furthermore, we highlight the future research focus on the role of pericytes in microglia-mediated NVU dysfunction in AD.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Katarzyna Potyrak, Benita Wiatrak, Edward Krzyzak, L. Lukasz Szczukowski, Piotr Swiatek, Adam Szelag
Summary: Alzheimer's disease remains a serious disorder with no effective therapy. However, certain compounds show potential for beneficial effects on damaged neuronal cells and are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rosemary J. Jackson, Jonah C. Meltzer, Huong Nguyen, Caitlin Commins, Rachel E. Bennett, Eloise Hudry, Bradley T. Hyman
Summary: The study demonstrates that APOE4 leads to a leaky blood-brain barrier, and astrocyte-produced APOE4, through its interaction with blood vessels, is a crucial regulator of blood-brain barrier integrity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anett Hudak, Annamaria Letoha, Csaba Vizler, Tamas Letoha
Summary: Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is crucial for preserving patients' health, and the expression of SDC3 in experimental models suggests it could be used as a biomarker for detecting neurodegeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Liqiang Hu, Yiran Tao, Yanjiao Jiang, Feng Qin
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of memory disruption in elderly individuals, and the lack of effective therapy is due to low drug potency and challenges in drug delivery. Recent advances in nanomedicine have shown promising developments in Alzheimer's disease treatment, using various nano-carriers to develop successful strategies. This review comprehensively summarizes the efficacy of different nanomedicine in pre-clinical studies and provides insights and future research directions. It can guide the design and evaluation of nanomedicine in Alzheimer's disease treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Geetika Nehra, Bjoern Bauer, Anika M. S. Hartz
Summary: This review summarizes the extent and clinical relevance of barrier leakage in Alzheimer's disease (AD). By examining animal models, clinical and postmortem studies, signaling mechanisms, and potential therapeutic strategies, the review provides insights into the relationship between barrier leakage and neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and the development of novel therapeutic targets for AD.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Youngpyo Nam, Gyeong Joon Moon, Sang Ryong Kim
Summary: Neurotrophic factors play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, and Rheb, as a regulator of NTFs expression, is an important therapeutic target for treating these diseases. AAV transduction can effectively promote neuroprotection by upregulating NTFs in conditions like AD and PD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chanchal Sharma, Sehwan Kim, Youngpyo Nam, Un Ju Jung, Sang Ryong Kim
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment, with mitochondrial dysfunction implicated as a key factor in the pathogenesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the formation of hallmark features of AD and can lead to neuronal malfunction and degeneration. Treatment targeting mitochondrial dysfunction may hold promise as a therapeutic approach for AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu-Mi Jeon, Younghwi Kwon, Shinrye Lee, Seyeon Kim, Myungjin Jo, Seongsoo Lee, Sang Ryong Kim, Kiyoung Kim, Hyung-Jun Kim
Summary: TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) plays a role in RNA metabolic processes and its cytoplasmic aggregation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Hydroxocobalamin (Hb) treatment attenuated TDP-43-induced neurotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Similarly, dietary treatment with Hb improved lifespan and motility defects in TDP-43-expressing fruit flies. These findings suggest that Hb may be a potential therapeutic intervention for TDP-43-associated proteinopathies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chanchal Sharma, Hanwoong Woo, Sang Ryong Kim
Summary: The blood-brain barrier is essential in maintaining the brain microenvironment, and disruptions to it can be linked to cognitive impairments such as Alzheimer's disease. By studying the mechanisms of BBB breakdown, we can better understand neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, BBB disruption can serve as a biomarker for diagnosing cognitive impairments.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sang Ryong Kim, Hyo Jin Park, Un Ju Jung
Summary: This study provides evidence on the protective effects of SolA against adiposity, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese mice.
JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Chanchal Sharma, Sang Ryong Kim
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Narae Park, Chanchal Sharma, Un Ju Jung, Sehwan Kim, Youngpyo Nam, Kyung-Suk Kim, Kyoungho Suk, Ho-Won Lee, Sang Ryong Kim
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effects of transplanting hMSCs into wild-type mice with Ara-C-induced CA. The hMSC-treated mice showed improved motor and balance coordination, preserved cerebellar neuronal loss, and increased neurotrophic factors levels. hMSC implantation also suppressed proinflammatory responses. These results suggest that hMSCs have therapeutic potential for treating Ara-C-induced CA by protecting neurons and inhibiting inflammation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sehwan Kim, Chanchal Sharma, Un Ju Jung, Sang Ryong Kim
Summary: The blood-brain barrier regulates the entry of harmful substances into the brain and its impairment leads to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease. Blood-borne proteins, such as prothrombin and fibrinogen, infiltrate the brain, activate microglia, and exacerbate neuroinflammatory responses. Identifying these proteins and understanding the mechanisms of microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation can provide therapeutic strategies for AD prevention.
Article
Immunology
Sehwan Kim, Chanchal Sharma, Minsang Shin, Hyung-Jun Kim, Jaekwang Kim, Sang Ryong Kim
Summary: We investigated the role of prothrombin kringle-2 (pKr-2) in inducing microglial activation and neuroinflammatory damage in the hippocampus. Our findings showed that pKr-2 administration triggered inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) upregulation, leading to hippocampal neurodegeneration. Inhibiting TLR4 expression or blocking pKr-2 overexpression reduced neuroinflammatory damage, suggesting that controlling pKr-2-induced microglial TLR4 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
BRAIN, BEHAVIOR, & IMMUNITY - HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Hail Kim, Minji Choi, Sanghee Han, Sang-Yoon Park, Myoungseok Jeong, Sang Ryong Kim, Eun Mi Hwang, Seok-Geun Lee
Summary: This study investigated the expression patterns of Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in the normal mouse brain and found that it is widely expressed in neurons and neuronal precursor cells, but little in glial cells. AEG-1 showed differential expression levels in various brain regions and was mainly localized in the cell body of neurons rather than the nucleus. Additionally, AEG-1 was expressed in the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells in both mouse and human cerebellum, suggesting its potential role in this brain region.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chanchal Sharma, Sun Chul Kang
Summary: The study found that decursinol angelate (DA) can effectively inhibit the activity of CATB, with a lower IC50 value compared to the commercial synthetic inhibitor CA074. Computational and in vitro methods confirmed favorable interaction between DA and catalytic site residues of CATB, leading to its proteolytic activity inhibition. Additionally, in vitro quantification showed that DA rapidly inactivates CATB with no cellular toxicity towards normal colon cells.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Pan-Woo Ko, Sangmin Park, Kyunghun Kang, Yong-Hyun Lim, Sang Ryong Kim, Kyoungho Suk, Kyung Suk Kim, Ho-Won Lee
Summary: A patient with sporadic adult-onset ataxia showed significant improvement after receiving allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy, indicating potential neuroprotective effects and serving as a therapeutic option for degenerative cerebellar ataxia.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2021)