Review
Oncology
Holden T. Maecker
Summary: Understanding the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the host immune system, induction of antibody and T cell responses, importance of innate immune responses, and impact of baseline immune profiles and changes on predicting disease progression are crucial for the development of immune monitoring tools for COVID-19.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sheng-Kang Chiu, Kuo-Wang Tsai, Chia-Chao Wu, Cai-Mei Zheng, Chung-Hsiang Yang, Wan-Chung Hu, Yi-Chou Hou, Kuo-Cheng Lu, You-Chen Chao
Summary: COVID-19 is characterized by significant immune dysfunction, requiring the development of effective treatments; various types of COVID-19 vaccines are under development and optimization, increasing public immunity may enhance vaccine effectiveness; Vitamin D supplementation may help mitigate the progression of COVID-19, but its role in vaccine efficacy remains unclear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Ellen McKenna, Richard Wubben, Johana M. Isaza-Correa, Ashanty M. Melo, Aisling Ui Mhaonaigh, Niall Conlon, James S. O'Donnell, Cliona Ni Cheallaigh, Tim Hurley, Nigel J. Stevenson, Mark A. Little, Eleanor J. Molloy
Summary: This article discusses the immunological characteristics of severe COVID-19 patients, the antiviral and pathological roles of neutrophils in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the contribution of neutrophils to complications of COVID-19, and potential therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses in COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Sindhu Mohandas, Prasanna Jagannathan, Timothy J. Henrich, Zaki A. Sherif, Christian Bime, Erin Quinlan, Michael A. Portman, Marila Gennaro, Jalees Rehman, RECOVER Mechanist Pathways Task Force
Summary: With over 500 million cases of COVID-19 worldwide, there is increasing concern about the long-term effects known as long COVID. Exaggerated immune responses play a crucial role in the severity and outcomes of both the initial infection and long COVID. This review explores the mechanisms behind immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 and the limited data on the immunopathology of long COVID, highlighting the need for further research to understand its distinct and heterogeneous immunopathology.
Editorial Material
Immunology
Emanuel Sarinho, Ekaterini Goudouris, Dirceu Sole
Summary: The BCG vaccine is effective in protecting against severe tuberculosis and may offer some non-specific protection against other infectious diseases, although the duration of this protection is uncertain. Careful consideration should be given before revaccinating with BCG to avoid serious risks to patients with immunodeficiencies.
Article
Cell Biology
Kylie B. R. Belchamber, Onn S. Thein, Jon Hazeldine, Frances S. Grudzinska, Aduragbemi A. Faniyi, Michael J. Hughes, Alice E. Jasper, Kay Por Yip, Louise E. Crowley, Sebastian T. Lugg, Elizabeth Sapey, Dhruv Parekh, David R. Thickett, Aaron Scott
Summary: COVID-19 infection is associated with dysfunctional neutrophil functions, including increased migration, NETosis, and impaired phagocytosis and ROS generation, along with altered phenotype and impaired antimicrobial responses. Targeting neutrophil function may help modulate COVID-19 severity.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Camila Pedroso Silveira, Andressa da Cruz Schneid, Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro, Flavia Elisa Galdino, Mateus Borba Cardoso
Summary: The global pandemic has driven the scientific community to develop COVID-19 vaccines rapidly, but global vaccination efforts are still far from complete, necessitating continued use of precautionary measures. The transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 involve not only molecular interactions but also nanoscale effects, which are crucial for developing mitigation strategies.
NANOSCALE HORIZONS
(2021)
Review
Virology
Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Roaa Salih Mahdi, Dmitry Olegovich Bokov, Mazin A. A. Najm, Guzal N. Sobirova, Zarnigor O. Bafoyeva, Ahmed Taifi, Ola Kamal A. Alkadir, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Rasoul Mirzaei, Sajad Karampoor
Summary: The interaction between the immune system and SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis and developing therapeutic tools. Different immune components play various roles in viral infections, and characterizing the immune reactions is essential for defining the pathogenicity of COVID-19. Furthermore, investigating the roles of other immune mediators in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is necessary.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Tobias Sinnberg, Christa Lichtensteiger, Omar Hasan Ali, Oltin T. Pop, Ann-Kristin Jochum, Lorenz Risch, Silvio D. Brugger, Ana Velic, David Bomze, Philipp Kohler, Pietro Vernazza, Werner C. Albrich, Christian R. Kahlert, Marie-Therese Abdou, Nina Wyss, Kathrin Hofmeister, Heike Niessner, Carl Zinner, Mara Gilardi, Alexandar Tzankov, Martin Rocken, Alex Dulovic, Srikanth Mairpady Shambat, Natalia Ruetalo, Philipp K. Buehler, Thomas C. Scheier, Wolfram Jochum, Lukas Kern, Samuel Henz, Tino Schneider, Gabriela M. Kuster, Maurin Lampart, Martin Siegemund, Roland Bingisser, Michael Schindler, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Hubert Kalbacher, Kathy D. McCoy, Werner Spengler, Martin H. Brutsche, Boris Macek, Raphael Twerenbold, Josef M. Penninger, Matthias S. Matter, Lukas Flatz
Summary: COVID-19 can cause severe respiratory distress syndrome, and dysregulated immune responses, including autoimmunity, play a key role. This study investigated the presence of IgA autoantibodies targeting lung-specific proteins and their effects on pulmonary surfactant in severe COVID-19 cases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Gargi Thakur, Gajanan Sathe, Indra Kundu, Barnali Biswas, Poonam Gautam, Saad Alkahtani, Susan Idicula-Thomas, Ravi Sirdeshmukh, Uday Kishore, Taruna Madan
Summary: The study revealed that SP-D protein can induce apoptosis in cancer cells and interfere with the pro-survival signaling of GRP78 by interacting with it.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Karel F. A. Van Damme, Levi Hoste, Jozefien Declercq, Elisabeth De Leeuw, Bastiaan Maes, Liesbet Martens, Roos Colman, Robin Browaeys, Cedric Bosteels, Stijn Verwaerde, Nicky Vermeulen, Sahine Lameire, Nincy Debeuf, Julie Deckers, Patrick Stordeur, Pieter Depuydt, Eva Van Braeckel, Linos Vandekerckhove, Martin Guilliams, Sjoerd T. T. Schetters, Filomeen Haerynck, Simon J. Tavernier, Bart N. Lambrecht
Summary: Improvements in COVID-19 treatments require a deeper understanding of disease pathology, particularly for critically ill patients. This study shows that complement activation in COVID-19 is primarily mediated by the alternative pathway and provides a comprehensive atlas of complement alterations during respiratory deterioration. The upstream driver of complement responses is identified as IL-6 and STAT1/3 signaling, which has implications for approved COVID-19 therapies.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sebastian J. Theobald, Alexander Simonis, Theodoros Georgomanolis, Christoph Kreer, Matthias Zehner, Hannah S. Eisfeld, Marie-Christine Albert, Jason Chhen, Susanne Motameny, Florian Erger, Julia Fischer, Jakob J. Malin, Jessica Graeb, Sandra Winter, Andromachi Pouikli, Friederike David, Boris Boell, Philipp Koehler, Kanika Vanshylla, Henning Gruell, Isabelle Suarez, Michael Hallek, Gerd Faetkenheuer, Norma Jung, Oliver A. Cornely, Clara Lehmann, Peter Tessarz, Janine Altmueller, Peter Nuernberg, Hamid Kashkar, Florian Klein, Manuel Koch, Jan Rybniker
Summary: Our study reveals that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces inflammasome formation and IL-1 beta release in macrophages from COVID-19 patients, but not in healthy individuals. Furthermore, macrophages isolated from convalescent COVID-19 patients show robust S-protein-driven inflammasome activation, indicating innate immune memory after recovery.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Gurpreet Kaur, Sanpreet Singh, Sidhanta Nanda, Mohammad Adeel Zafar, Jonaid Ahmad Malik, Mohammad Umar Arshi, Taruna Lamba, Javed Naim Agrewala
Summary: The BCG vaccine, used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is known to induce non-specific heterologous immunity and may have a role in protecting against COVID-19. However, the effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19 remains uncertain.
Review
Immunology
Patricia Lamadrid, Marta Alonso-Pena, David San Segundo, Mayte Arias-Loste, Javier Crespo, Marcos Lopez-Hoyos
Summary: This study focuses on the association between COVID-19 and MAFLD, highlighting that patients with metabolic syndrome are more susceptible to severe COVID-19. The role of the immune system in both diseases is discussed, providing potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for further research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Sharvan Sehrawat, Barry T. Rouse
Summary: The dose and presentation of the infecting virus play a crucial role in determining the outcomes of COVID-19 infection, with higher doses potentially leading to more severe consequences. Further research and testing are needed to explore practical maneuvers and untested procedures that aim to increase the threshold dose required to break through resistance barriers.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2021)
