Supercritical CO2 assisted preparation of chitosan-based nano-in-microparticles with potential for efficient pulmonary drug delivery

Nano-in-microparticles used for inhalation lung cancer therapy combine the advantages of microparticles with aerodynamic diameters of 1-5 ?m for deep lung deposition and nanoparticles for long residence time in lung, high mucus penetrating and cancer cells uptake efficiency. In this work, nano-in-microparticles composed of chitosan nanoparticles and mannitol were prepared using a modified supercritical CO2 assisted atomization (SAA-HCM) technique. Influences of process parameters of CO2/liquid mass flow ratio, total mass concentration and nanoparticles/mannitol ratio on size and morphologies of nano-in-microparticles were investigated in detail. Well-defined spherical nano-in-microparticles with theoretical mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1-2 ?m were obtained under optimized conditions. Fraction of about 40 % of nanoparticles was redispersed in deionized water at nanoparticles/mannitol ratio of 10:90. Meanwhile, quick disintegration of nano-in-microparticles was observed under conditions simulating high humidity in lung. In summary, dissociation of nano-in-microparticles and redispersibility of nanoparticles were determined by the structure of nano-in-microparticles according to particles formation mechanism. This work will expand the applicability of SAA-HCM to the preparation of nanoin-microparticles from nanosuspension and provide more references for designing of particles with elaborate structures.

Automated summary

This study successfully prepared nano-in-microparticles using a modified supercritical CO2 assisted atomization technique, with detailed investigations on the process parameters and structures of the particles. Well-defined spherical nano-in-microparticles were obtained under optimized conditions, and quick disintegration of the particles was observed under high humidity conditions, indicating the potential prospects for inhalation lung cancer therapy.