Article
Neurosciences
Tineke K. Steiger, Mushfa Yousuf, Nico Bunzeck
Summary: Novelty can enhance long-term memory, but this effect may be reduced in aging brain. In this study, researchers used functional MRI to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the impact of novelty on memory in young and older adults. Age-related differences were found in neural activation patterns, suggesting that the effect of novelty on memory may decline with age.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Lucas Gazarini, Cristina A. J. Stern, Leandro J. Bertoglio
Summary: Fear conditioning and avoidance tasks reveal adaptive aversive memories, while traumatic memories are more intense, generalized, inflexible, and resistant to strategies for weakening through extinction and reconsolidation. Analyzing over 350 studies on adult rats and mice, the use of stressful conditions, aversive training, and administration of drugs to induce neurochemical or epigenetic alterations in the aftermath of trauma could provide insights into posttraumatic stress disorder's neurobiology and potential treatments.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Joseph P. Huston, Owen Y. Chao
Summary: This article discusses the memory system akin to episodic memory (EM) in non-human animals, particularly rats, and various behavioral paradigms used to study EM. Different tests are combined to evaluate memory similar to EM, including novel object preference, novel location preference, and temporal order memory. The article emphasizes the importance of assessing the ability to integrate what, where, and when information in a single experience and discusses the progress and future directions in the search for neural mechanisms of EM in rats.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Abdolvahed Narmashiri, Mojtaba Abbaszadeh, Ali Ghazizadeh
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review and meta-analysis on the effects of MPTP on memory and motor functions in Parkinson's disease. The results show that MPTP not only significantly affects motor functions, but also various mnemonic processes. However, no systematic relationship between the MPTP injection protocol parameters and the extent of induced PD symptoms was found.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Marilia Caixeta Sousa, Ivan De-la-Cruz-Chacon, Felipe Girotto Campos, Maria Aparecida Ribeiro Vieira, Patricia Luciana Carriel Correa, Marcia Ortiz Mayo Marques, Carmen Silvia Fernandes Boaro, Gisela Ferreira
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the specialized metabolism (SM) and primary metabolism (PM) responses of Annona emarginata to the application of plant growth regulators. The results showed that some plant regulators can induce changes in photosynthesis variables and affect the production of alkaloids and volatile compounds.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Casey M. Imperio, Elizabeth F. Chua
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of remotely supervised tDCS on semantic memory and metamemory tasks. The results showed no significant effects of rs-tDCS on metamemory monitoring accuracy or memory performance, but there were effects depending on the order of completing the tasks.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Changsheng Li, Sufang Liu, Yixin Mei, Qingyong Wang, Xihua Lu, Hongle Li, Feng Tao
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on long-term cognitive function in developing and mature brains. The results revealed that early exposure to sevoflurane impaired fear memory, reduced synapse density, and decreased the expressions of PSD-95 and kalirin-7 in the hippocampus of neonatal rats, while no significant effects were observed in adult rats.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Candela Zorzo, Jorge L. Arias, Marta Mendez
Summary: Studies suggest that in rodents, normal forgetting may occur during remote spatial retrieval, involving changes in morphology and functionality of neocortical areas, hippocampus, and other brain structures. These results help us better understand the timing of memory maintenance and normal forgetting, outlining the implicated brain areas.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michael Hadjiargyrou
Summary: The balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is crucial for maintaining a healthy skeleton. Osteoporosis, characterized by increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation, leads to weaker bones and a higher risk of fractures. Antiresorptive drugs are commonly used for treatment, but their long-term use may increase the risk of atypical femoral fractures.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zhenen Lin, Guanshu Yu, Shengren Xiong, Yu Lin, Zhaohui Li
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of leptin and melatonin on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rodents and their potential mechanisms. The results showed that leptin and melatonin can improve trabecular microstructure, enhance bone growth, reduce trabecular damage, and promote bone repair in rats with osteoporosis. The combined effect of the two is more significant.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David N. Ruskin, Isabella C. Sturdevant, Livia S. Wyss, Susan A. Masino
Summary: The study demonstrated that ketogenic diet significantly reduced inflammatory pain in rodent models by decreasing tactile sensitivity and spontaneous pain, with a more pronounced effect observed in rats compared to mice.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhen Dong, Shu-sheng Tang, Xiao-lan Ma, Bin Tan, Zhao-shan Tang, Chang-hong Li, Zi-hui Yang, Jian-guo Zeng
Summary: This study investigated the oral acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and chronic toxicity of MPTA in mice. The results showed that MPTA was safe at the tested doses, but attention should be paid to the potential risk to pregnant animals.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tim M. G. MacKenzie, Fayal Abderemane-Ali, Catherine E. Garrison, Daniel L. Minor, J. Du Bois
Summary: Voltage-gated sodium channels are important targets for acute poisons. This study focused on batrachotoxin and its derivatives, revealing different effects on channel activation and inactivation. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of sodium channel function.
CELL CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sonam Akther, Hajime Hirase
Summary: The traditional role of astrocytes is evolving with advances in molecular genetics and optical methods, suggesting they may also play a role in synaptic plasticity and learning processes. Studies over the past two decades have highlighted the importance of astrocytes in brain plasticity in rodents, with implications for humans. Further exploration of astrocytic activation mechanisms may provide insight into brain plasticity and memory/learning impairments.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eugenia Landolfo, Debora Cutuli, Laura Petrosini, Carlo Caltagirone
Summary: Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous lipid mediator that has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic functions. It is currently used for the treatment of neuropathic pain and shows potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhe Wei, Xin Xu, Yinquan Fang, Mostafa Khater, Sean X. Naughton, Gang Hu, Alvin Terry, Guangyu Wu
Summary: The study reveals that Rab43 plays a role in regulating the surface expression and signaling of endogenous alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in primary neurons, as well as in the transport of specific receptor subtypes to dendritic and postsynaptic locations. Additionally, Rab43's actions are cell-specific and directed by direct interaction, implying multiple delivery routes for different GPCRs in neurons.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Wenhao Xia, Aditya Reddy Kolli, Kyoko Koshibu, Florian Martin, Athanasios Kondylis, Arkadiusz Kuczaj, Wei Teck Tan, Ying Shan Yeo, Glenda Tan, Charles Teng, Kaing Woon, Thomas Schneider, Marja Talikka, Blaine W. Phillips, Patrick Vanscheeuwijck, Manuel C. Peitsch, Julia Hoeng
Summary: The study found that anatabine has anti-inflammatory effects in rodents and can achieve biological effects through different routes of administration; anatabine has a significant therapeutic effect in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS
(2021)
Correction
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sean X. Naughton, Wayne D. Beck, Zhe Wei, Guangyu Wu, Alvin V. Terry
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jie Gao, Chen Suo, Jui-Heng Tseng, Melissa A. Moss, Alvin V. Terry, James Chapman
Summary: A series of ranitidine analogs containing cyclic imide isosteres were synthesized and found to inhibit Aβ aggregation while also possessing inhibitory activities against AChE. These compounds offer insight into the key chemical features of a new type of multi-target directed ligands for the pharmaceutical treatment of AD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Oihane Jaka, Inaki Iturria, Marco van der Toorn, Jorge Hurtado de Mendoza, Diogo A. R. S. Latino, Ainhoa Alzualde, Manuel C. Peitsch, Julia Hoeng, Kyoko Koshibu
Summary: In this study, the effects of natural MAO inhibitors on anxiety behavior induced by novel environment in zebrafish were investigated. Harmane, norharmane, and TIQ were found to have anxiolytic-like effects, while TMN showed a mix of anxiolytic- and anxiogenic-like effects. The brain bioavailability of these compounds was high, suggesting that the observed effects on anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish were likely due to their direct effects in the brain.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ainhoa Alzualde, Oihane Jaka, Diogo A. R. S. Latino, Omar Alijevic, Inaki Iturria, Jorge Hurtado de Mendoza, Pavel Pospisil, Stefan Frentzel, Manuel C. Peitsch, Julia Hoeng, Kyoko Koshibu
Summary: The study found nicotine to be the most effective anxiolytic alkaloid tested, with other natural alkaloids also potentially regulating anxiety.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL MEDICINES
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Andrew B. Hawkey, Julia Hoeng, Manuel C. Peitsch, Edward D. Levin, Kyoko Koshibu
Summary: Zebrafish serve as a valuable model for neurobehavioral research and drug screening, with the novel tank diving test being a common method to assess anxiety-like behavior. Nicotine has been found to induce anxiolytic effects in zebrafish, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for anxiety disorders.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philip L. Yates, Ankita Patil, Xiaohuan Sun, Alessia Niceforo, Ramnik Gill, Patrick Callahan, Wayne Beck, Emanuela Piermarini, Alvin Terry, Kimberly A. Sullivan, Peter W. Baas, Liang Qiang
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a disorder suffered by approximately 200,000 veterans of the first Gulf War, caused by exposure to low-level organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents in combination with battlefield stress. Research has shown that exposure to a toxicant regimen relevant to the Gulf War can lead to elevated levels of tau proteins, altered mitochondrial dynamics/transport, and decreased neuronal activity in forebrain glutamatergic neurons derived from GWI patients. This cellular response may provide a mechanism for the memory loss suffered by veterans with GWI.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Omar Alijevic, Oihane Jaka, Ainhoa Alzualde, Diana Maradze, Wenhao Xia, Stefan Frentzel, Andrew N. Gifford, Manuel C. Peitsch, Julia Hoeng, Kyoko Koshibu
Summary: This study examined the neuropharmacological effects of natural alkaloids, including nicotine, cotinine, and anatabine. Nicotine showed anxiolytic-like behavioral effects in mice and zebrafish, while cotinine and anatabine had no detectable effects. Nicotine stimulated the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, while cotinine and anatabine mainly stimulated dopamine release. These findings suggest that natural nicotine alkaloids can induce an anxiolytic-like behavior in nonclinical animal models, which may depend on the activation of various nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and regulation of neurotransmitter systems.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alvin V. Terry Jr, Wayne D. Beck, Ping-Chang Lin, Patrick M. Callahan, R. Daniel Rudic, Mark W. Hamrick
Summary: In this study, a new method using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) was developed to measure axonal transport rates in real time in mice. The study evaluated the effects of age and a microtubule-stabilizing agent called Epothilone D on axonal transport rates. The results showed that aging led to decreased axonal transport rates, and treatment with Epothilone D increased axonal transport rates in aged mice. This study provides further evidence for the potential of microtubule-based therapeutic strategies in age-related neurological disorders.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manuel Oliveira, Kyoko Koshibu, Andreas Rytz, Francesca Giuffrida, Sebastien Sultan, Amaury Patin, Mathieu Gaudin, Aurore Tomezyk, Pascal Steiner, Nora Schneider
Summary: The composition of lipids in the brain plays a crucial role in its development, and dietary lipids are essential for brain lipidome. In this study, it was found that polar lipids in the diet contribute to brain development and change over time. Furthermore, the levels of certain lipids in different brain structures remain constant across age groups, reflecting the general brain growth.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xiaogang Chu, Kumar Subramani, Bobby Thomas, Alvin V. Terry, Sadanand Fulzele, Raghavan Pillai Raju
Summary: Studies have shown that factors in the blood of young organisms can rejuvenate the old ones. In this study, it was discovered that treating aged mice with plasma-derived factors from young mice can prolong their lives and reduce oxidative stress. The treatment also modulates the Nrf2/Bach1 axis in the antioxidant response pathway, promoting injury resolution.
Article
Neurosciences
Sean X. Naughton, Wayne D. Beck, Zhe Wei, Guangyu Wu, Peter W. Baas, Alvin V. Terry
Summary: Organophosphates and carbamates are commonly used pesticides that are most frequently associated with adverse long-term neurological effects. However, not all carbamates impair axonal transport, suggesting that long-term neurological deficits associated with some carbamates may not be due to acute impairments of axonal transport.
NEUROSCIENCE INSIGHTS
(2021)