Article
Psychology, Clinical
Gloria Hoi-Yee Li, Ching-Lung Cheung, Albert Kar-Kin Chung, Bernard Man-Yung Cheung, Ian Chi-Kei Wong, Marcella Lei Yee Fok, Philip Chun-Ming Au, Pak-Chung Sham
Summary: This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between genetic predisposition to depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The results show a genetic correlation between depression and myocardial infarction (MI) and atrial fibrillation (AF), and causality between genetically doubling the odds of depression and increased risk of CAD and MI. Adjustment for blood lipid levels and smoking status attenuated the causal relationship between depression and CAD/MI.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuxuan Dai, Yu Chen, Rui Gu, Chao Zhang, Rui Jiang
Summary: This study found a causal relationship between the concentration of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and chronic pain through genetic association studies. Higher concentrations of Omega-3 fatty acids (FA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the blood were associated with a reduced risk of abdominal and pelvic pain, while a lower omega-6:3 ratio was associated with an increased risk of abdominal and pelvic pain. Additionally, higher concentrations of Omega-3 FAs in the blood were also associated with a reduced risk of lower back pain and/or sciatica.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jie-Hai Chen, Li-Ying Zeng, Yun-Feng Zhao, Hao-Xuan Tang, Hang Lei, Yu-Fei Wan, Yong-Qiang Deng, Ke-Xuan Liu
Summary: By performing Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly accessible genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary-level data, this study found suggestive evidence of causal associations between gut microbiota and sepsis risk. Specific gut microbiota were found to be negatively or positively correlated with the risk of sepsis. Multiple statistical methods were used to validate the robustness of the findings.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hongtao Liu, Fengkun Zhou
Summary: This study suggests a potential causal association between milk chocolate intake and calf pain, indicating that milk chocolate intake may have a protective effect on calf pain.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhaofa Yin, Bohan Liu, Shijian Feng, Yushi He, Cai Tang, Pengan Chen, Xinyi Wang, Kunjie Wang
Summary: This study confirms the association between specific gut microbial taxa and urological cancers. It provides insights into the mechanism of how the gut microbiota affects urological cancers and offers potential targets for screening and treatment. The results contribute to clinical research by providing new ideas and perspectives in this area.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhizhong Zhang, Mengmeng Wang, Dipender Gill, Xinfeng Liu
Summary: This study investigated the association of genetically predicted smoking and alcohol consumption on poststroke outcomes. The results suggest a causal association between smoking and worse functional outcome after ischemic stroke, while alcohol consumption was not associated with functional outcome.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ziwei Mei, Fuhao Li, Ruizhen Chen, Zilong Xiao, Dongsheng Cai, Lie Jin, Xu Qian, Yucheng Wang, Jun Chen
Summary: Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a causal relationship between thyroid cancer and IgA nephropathy. Multiple methods consistently supported this conclusion, but the MR-Egger method showed the opposite result, requiring further research for confirmation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Liu Lin, Pan Luo, Mingyi Yang, Jiachen Wang, Weikun Hou, Peng Xu
Summary: Through a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, we found that osteoporosis can reduce the incidence of osteoarthritis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Lucy Riglin, Beate Leppert, Christina Dardani, Ajay K. Thapar, Frances Rice, Michael C. O'Donovan, George Davey Smith, Evie Stergiakouli, Kate Tilling, Anita Thapar
Summary: ADHD in childhood is associated with increased risk of recurrent depression in young adulthood, and there is a causal effect of ADHD genetic liability on subsequent major depression, although the influence on broadly defined depression is weaker.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Thomas H. Julian, Johnathan Cooper-Knock, Stuart MacGregor, Hui Guo, Tariq Aslam, Eleanor Sanderson, Graeme C. M. Black, Panagiotis Sergouniotis, Lois E. H. Smith
Summary: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness, and this study aims to identify causal factors and potential therapeutic targets for AMD through a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation (MR) study. The results of this study support several putative causal factors for AMD and provide avenues for future translational research.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yuri Milaneschi, Matthias Arnold, Gabi Kastenmuller, Siamak Mahmoudian Dehkordi, Ranga R. Krishnan, Boadie W. Dunlop, A. John Rush, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
Summary: This study found that altered metabolism of acylcarnitines, especially medium-chain acylcarnitines, may be causally linked to increased risk of depression. The findings highlight the potential role of acylcarnitine metabolism in depression pathogenesis and suggest it as a promising target for novel therapeutic approaches.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Le Chang, Guangyan Zhou, Jianguo Xia
Summary: Metabolomics-based genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) play a crucial role in understanding the genetic regulations of metabolites in complex phenotypes. We introduce mGWAS-Explorer 2.0 to analyze the causal relationships between over 4000 metabolites and various phenotypes, using semantic triples and molecular quantitative trait loci (QTL) data. This tool allows reproducible analysis and has successfully detected potential causal relationships in two case studies.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiawen Xu, Jun Ma, Jialei Chen, Shaoyun Zhang, Che Zheng, Haibo Si, Yuangang Wu, Yuan Liu, Mingyang Li, Limin Wu, Bin Shen
Summary: This study found no genetic causal association between iron status and osteoporosis using Mendelian randomization analysis, with consistent results across different models and no potential causal relationship identified.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huajie Yang, Peng Shi, Mingzheng Li, Lingxu Kong, Shuailing Liu, Liujiangshan Jiang, Jing Yang, Bin Xu, Tianyao Yang, Shuhua Xi, Wei Liu
Summary: This two-sample Mendelian randomization study found that increased exposure to nitrogen dioxide had the potential to impact the human gut microbiota.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jiahao Zhu, Dan Zhou, Yaoyao Nie, Jing Wang, Ye Yang, Dingwan Chen, Min Yu, Yingjun Li
Summary: This study used genome-wide association study summary data to examine the bidirectional causal relationship between frailty and depression. The findings provide evidence that higher genetic liability to frailty is associated with an increased risk of depression, and improving balance, muscle strength, and physical activity may be beneficial in both conditions.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jonathan K. L. Mak, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Ge Bai, Linda B. Hassing, Nancy L. Pedersen, Sara Hagg, Juulia Jylhava, Chandra A. Reynolds
Summary: Using data from Swedish twin cohort studies, this research investigates the longitudinal trajectories of frailty in late life and the contributions of genes and environment. The study finds that the heterogeneity of frailty in late life is mainly attributable to environmental influences, highlighting the importance of targeting environmental risk factors to mitigate frailty in older adults.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Stephen Burgess, Amy M. Mason, Andrew J. Grant, Eric A. W. Slob, Apostolos Gkatzionis, Verena Zuber, Ashish Patel, Haodong Tian, Cunhao Liu, William G. Haynes, G. Kees Hovingh, Lotte Bjerre Knudsen, John C. Whittaker, Dipender Gill
Summary: Evidence from randomized trials is reliable but expensive and slow, while evidence from observational studies is less reliable due to potential bias. Mendelian randomization is a quasi-experimental method that utilizes naturally occurring genetic variations as instrumental variables to investigate the effects of drug targets. This approach can provide rapid and diverse opportunities for studying drug mechanisms, biomarkers, and population subgroups.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Hematology
John DePaolo, Michael G. Levin, Catherine Tcheandjieu, James R. Priest, Dipender Gill, Stephen Burgess, Scott M. Damrauer, Julio A. Chirinos
Summary: Observational studies have shown that high blood pressure is a significant risk factor for thoracic aortic dilation, and reducing blood pressure is recommended for preventing the progression of aortic aneurysms. However, the causal relationship between blood pressure and aortic size has not been conclusively established.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jonathan K. L. Mak, Laura Kananen, Chenxi Qin, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Bowen Tang, Jake Lin, Yunzhang Wang, Tuija Jaaskelainen, Seppo Koskinen, Yi Lu, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Sara Hagg, Juulia Jylhava
Summary: In this study, the researchers identified 59 metabolic biomarkers associated with frailty, and 34 of these associations were independently validated in other studies. They also found that glycoprotein acetyls, an inflammatory marker, was significantly associated with frailty, suggesting the important role of chronic inflammation in frailty development.
Article
Oncology
Jonathan K. L. Mak, Christopher E. McMurran, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Per Hall, Kamila Czene, Juulia Jylhaevae, Sara Haegg
Summary: By studying 308,156 UK Biobank participants, researchers found a link between biological age and cancer incidence. Using 18 age-related clinical biomarkers, three biological age measures were calculated and found to be associated with the incidence of any cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jie Chen, Shuai Yuan, Tian Fu, Xixian Ruan, Jie Qiao, Xiaoyan Wang, Xue Li, Dipender Gill, Stephen Burgess, Edward L. Giovannucci, Susanna C. Larsson
Summary: We conducted an MR study to examine the associations between type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits with gastrointestinal diseases (GDs). It was found that genetic liability to type 2 diabetes was associated with an increased risk of 12 GDs.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Chenxi Qin, Lina-Marcela Diaz-Gallo, Bowen Tang, Yunzhang Wang, Thuy-Dung Nguyen, Arvid Harder, Yi Lu, Leonid Padyukov, Johan Askling, Sara Hagg
Summary: Genetic variations in the target genes of antidiabetic drugs, particularly sulfonylureas, are inversely associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as revealed by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The underlying mechanisms behind this association need further investigation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yu Hao, Jinyu Xiao, Yu Liang, Xueyao Wu, Haoyu Zhang, Chenghan Xiao, Li Zhang, Stephen Burgess, Nan Wang, Xunying Zhao, Peter Kraft, Jiayuan Li, Xia Jiang
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Derek Klarin, Poornima Devineni, Anoop K. Sendamarai, Anthony R. Angueira, Sarah E. Graham, Ying H. Shen, Michael G. Levin, James P. Pirruccello, Ida Surakka, Purushotham R. Karnam, Tanmoy Roychowdhury, Yanming Li, Minxian Wang, Krishna G. Aragam, Kaavya Paruchuri, Verena Zuber, Gabrielle E. Shakt, Noah L. Tsao, Renae L. Judy, Ha My T. Vy, Shefali S. Verma, Daniel J. Rader, Ron Do, Joseph E. Bavaria, Girish N. Nadkarni, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Stephen Burgess, Dong-chuan Guo, Patrick T. Ellinor, Scott A. LeMaire, Dianna M. Milewicz, Cristen J. Willer, Pradeep Natarajan, Philip S. Tsao, Saiju Pyarajan, Scott M. Damrauer
Summary: We conducted a GWAS of TAAD and identified 21 risk loci, providing evidence that TAAD is different from other vascular diseases. Our findings suggest that TAAD is not solely inherited through large effect size protein-altering variants and has a genetic architecture similar to other complex traits.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maddalena Ardissino, Eric A. W. Slob, Paul Carter, Tormod Rogne, Joanna Girling, Stephen Burgess, Fu Siong Ng
Summary: This study used Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relevance of reproductive factors on cardiovascular disease in women. The results showed that earlier genetically predicted age at first birth, higher genetically predicted number of live births, and earlier genetically predicted age at menarche were associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. These findings support the role of reproductive factors in the development of cardiovascular disease in women and identify potential modifiable mediators for clinical intervention.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jonathan K. L. Mak, Ida K. Karlsson, Bowen Tang, Yunzhang Wang, Nancy L. Pedersen, Sara Hagg, Juulia Jylhava, Chandra A. Reynolds
Summary: DNA methylation-derived epigenetic clocks and frailty are measures of biological age and there is a certain association between them. However, the association is mainly at the level of age 50 and there is no significant dynamic longitudinal association. The pace of aging clock plays a role in predicting frailty.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Haodong Tian, Amy M. Mason, Cunhao Liu, Stephen Burgess
Summary: Non-linear Mendelian randomization is an extension of standard Mendelian randomization that explores the causal relationship between an exposure and outcome using an instrumental variable. The current stratification method, referred to as the residual method, relies on strong parametric assumptions and can yield misleading results. We propose a new stratification method, called the doubly-ranked method, that relaxes these assumptions and provides unbiased estimates even in non-linear or heterogeneous scenarios.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Andrea N. Georgiou, Loukas Zagkos, Georgios Markozannes, Christos V. Chalitsios, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Wei Xu, Lijuan Wang, Ines Mesa-Eguiagaray, Xuan Zhou, Eleni M. Loizidou, Nikolaos Kretsavos, Evropi Theodoratou, Dipender Gill, Stephen Burgess, Evangelos Evangelou, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Ioanna Tzoulaki
Summary: This systematic review evaluated the evidence for causality between a broad range of exposures and coronary artery disease and stroke using Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. The findings showed that only a limited number of associations were supported by robust evidence, highlighting the need for further research on sensitivity MR analyses and mediation effects.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lena Tschiderer, Sanne A. E. Peters, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Anniek C. van Westing, Tammy Y. N. Tong, Peter Willeit, Lisa Seekircher, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Jose Maria Huerta, Marta Crous-Bou, Martin Soderholm, Matthias B. Schulze, Cecilia Johansson, Sara Sjalander, Alicia K. Heath, Alessandra Macciotta, Christina C. Dahm, Daniel B. Ibsen, Valeria Pala, Lene Mellemkjaer, Stephen Burgess, Angela Wood, Rudolf Kaaks, Verena Katzke, Pilar Amiano, Miguel Rodriguez-Barranco, Gunnar Engstrom, Elisabete Weiderpass, Anne Tjonneland, Jytte Halkjaer, Salvatore Panico, John Danesh, Adam Butterworth, N. Charlotte Onland-Moret
Summary: Early menopause is associated with a higher risk of stroke, but the relationships with stroke subtypes are inconsistent. However, genetically proxied age at menopause is not significantly associated with stroke risk, suggesting no causal relationship.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Marianne S. Thorkildsen, Lise T. Gustad, Randi M. Mohus, Stephen Burgess, Tom I. L. Nilsen, Jan K. Damas, Tormod Rogne
Summary: Insomnia is associated with altered inflammatory response and increased risk of infections and sepsis. A 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach indicates that genetically predicted insomnia is associated with sepsis risk.