Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Francesco Di Russo, Marika Berchicci, Valentina Bianco, Elena Mussini, Rinaldo Livio Perri, Sabrina Pitzalis, Federico Quinzi, Sara Tranquilli, Donatella Spinelli
Summary: The study confirms the anticipatory nature of the vN component in relation to preparatory visuospatial attention, showing that attention effects start before stimulus presentation. In the top-down attentional control process, the orientation of attention emerges before the selection of hands.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Charlotte Trevillion, Lars-Erik Malmberg, Patrick Esser
Summary: Experimental studies have shown that both acute and regular physical activity have small to moderate effects on executive functions, which are strongly associated with academic performance. This study aimed to explore the naturally occurring associations between working memory, self-reported sustained attention, and physical activity in primary school-aged children. The results indicated that working memory was stable over time and had trait-like characteristics. Trait sustained attention predicted higher trait working memory, and older students outperformed younger students.
PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Francesco Di Russo, Marika Berchicci, Valentina Bianco, Rinaldo L. Perri, Sabrina Pitzalis, Elena Mussini
Summary: This study focused on preparatory brain activity of participants performing sustained and transient attention tasks. Results showed that prefrontal negativity (pN) was specific to the sustained task, while visual negativity (vN) appeared in both tasks, smaller in the transient task, with a hemispheric lateralization contralateral to the attended hemifield. This suggests that vN serves as a modality-specific index of attentional preparation, and cognitive endogenous control is present in sustained tasks only.
Review
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Shih-Chun Kao, Feng-Tzu Chen, David Moreau, Eric S. Drollette, Steve Amireault, Chien-Heng Chu, Yu-Kai Chang
Summary: Although the acute effect of exercise on behavioral cognitive performance is well-documented, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation on neuroelectric brain activity that determines healthy cognitive functioning. This systematic review included 39 studies and found that exercise has small effects on increasing attentional resources and processing speed for categorizing a stimulus. These effects can be moderated by factors such as age, type, intensity, and duration of exercise.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eunsang Hwang, Jarrad M. Scarlett, Arian F. Baquero, Camdin M. Bennett, Yanbin Dong, Dominic Chau, Jenny M. Brown, Aaron J. Mercer, Thomas H. Meek, Kevin L. Grove, Bao Anh N. Phan, Gregory J. Morton, Kevin W. Williams, Michael W. Schwartz
Summary: This study found that FGF1 can inhibit the activity of central neurons, thereby reducing blood glucose levels. This inhibitory effect is long-lasting and can last for weeks. Future studies are needed to explore the role of this inhibition in the treatment of diabetes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoyu Tang, Xueli Wang, Xing Peng, Qi Li, Chi Zhang, Aijun Wang, Ming Zhang
Summary: Inhibition of return (IOR) refers to the slower response to targets on the same side as the cue compared to targets on the opposite side. Studies have found that visual IOR is larger than audiovisual IOR, with multisensory integration potentially offsetting the reduced perceptual processing caused by audiovisual IOR. Early and late differences in neural processing between visual IOR and audiovisual IOR suggest potential different inhibitory orientation mechanisms for the two types of targets.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
John E. Kiat, Taylor R. Hayes, John M. Henderson, Steven J. Luck
Summary: Research has found that meaning maps can predict eye movement patterns more effectively than physical saliency in natural scene viewing. This suggests that the brain rapidly extracts the spatial distribution of semantically informative scene regions. This study used representational similarity analysis to demonstrate the link between physical saliency, semantic informativeness, and neural responses.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kamil K. Imbir, Joanna Duda-Golawska, Maciej Pastwa, Adam Sobieszek, Adrianna Wielgopolan, Marta Jankowska, Aleksandra Modzelewska, Jaroslaw Zygierewicz
Summary: The interference control measured in the Emotional Stroop Task provides insights into the mechanisms of emotion-cognition interactions. This study focuses on the role of emotional stimulus complexity and factors that affect cognitive control effectiveness. The results show that subjective significance of stimuli plays an improving role in cognitive control.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Rui Shi, Mingming Qi, Heming Gao
Summary: The study investigated the neural activity of color-based center-surround inhibition in working memory. Results showed the existence of color-based center-surround inhibition during encoding and retrieval processes, indicating a greater interference between similar items.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Jingyan Jing, Zhuyun Zhang, Mingming Qi, Heming Gao
Summary: This study investigated whether the N2 or P3 component in the count/no-count task reflects response inhibition. Results showed a stronger N2 in the no-count condition, indicating stronger response conflict or inhibition. Enhanced P3 components were observed in the count and Add 1 conditions, suggesting greater attentional resources consumption during memory updating.
PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH-PSYCHOLOGISCHE FORSCHUNG
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Qingfei Chen, Feng Xiao, Yan Liu, Mengqing Li, Xiuling Liang
Summary: This study investigated the time course of temporal proximity using event-related potentials (ERPs) and an associative judgment task. The results showed shorter response time and higher accuracy for image pairs with high temporal proximity. ERP results revealed a larger N2 for unrelated pairs and a larger P3 and positive slow wave for pairs with high temporal proximity. These findings indicate that different temporal proximities affect cognitive processing differently.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dominika M. Pindus, Caitlyn G. Edwards, Anne M. Walk, Ginger Reeser, Nicholas A. Burd, Hannah D. Holscher, Naiman A. Khan
Summary: The study found a specific relationship between daily sedentary time and poorer inhibitory control, with prolonged sedentary time being associated with greater interference. Additionally, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was related to a smaller Global Switch Cost. The research suggests that future interventions should focus on restructuring sedentary time in addition to increasing physical activity levels for adults with overweight and obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Holly Rayson, Zoe J. Ryan, Helen F. Dodd
Summary: There is limited research on whether attention biases to emotion moderate associations between Behavioural Inhibition (BI) and anxiety in preschool-aged children. This study aimed to fill this research gap by using behavioral and electroencephalographic measures to assess anxiety in preschool-aged children. The results showed that attention to emotional stimuli moderated the relationship between BI and anxiety, with different patterns for different stages of attention allocation.
DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Theophile Demazure, Alexander Karran, Pierre-Majorique Leger, Elise Labonte-LeMoyne, Sylvain Senecal, Marc Fredette, Gilbert Babin
Summary: Automation is transforming enterprise processes, shifting operational jobs to monitoring tasks. The research introduces a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) prototype to address sustained attention decrements in monitoring tasks. The study demonstrates that the BCI positively regulates sustained attention, leading to higher focus levels and reduced on-task errors.
BUSINESS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Pathology
Rubens P. Homme, Harpal S. Sandhu, Akash K. George, Suresh C. Tyagi, Mahavir Singh
Summary: Long-term inhibition of NF-KB can mitigate retinal vasculopathy in a type 1 diabetic mouse model, protecting retinal structure and function by reducing inflammatory mediators, maintaining key junction molecules, and improving vision-guided behavior.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Janet L. Hauck, Isabella T. Felzer-Kim, Kathryn L. Gwizdala
ADAPTED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUARTERLY
(2020)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Anthony G. Delli Paoli, Alan L. Smith, Matthew B. Pontifex, Jason S. Moser
Summary: Self-regulation skills are still developing in adolescence, so social exclusion can be a significant challenge to the well-being of young people. Aerobic fitness may help girls regulate the demands of social exclusion better, as shown by smaller decreases in pleasant affect and larger increases in working memory performance in more aerobically fit girls. This research expands understanding of how aerobic fitness can benefit the well-being of young people.
PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Matthew B. Pontifex, Andrew C. Parks, Anthony G. Delli Paoli, Hans S. Schroder, Jason S. Moser
Summary: The study shows that both high-anxious and low-anxious individuals exhibited improved cognitive performance following 20 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, with faster and more accurate responses. Additionally, exercise induced enhancements in attentional resource allocation and action monitoring were observed in both groups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Madison C. Chandler, Amanda L. McGowan, Jan W. Brascamp, Matthew B. Pontifex
Summary: Aerobic fitness is consistently associated with superior cognitive control performance, potentially through the activation of the locus-coeruleus. However, in college-aged adults, phasic activity of the locus-coeruleus does not mediate the relationship between aerobic fitness and cognitive task performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amanda L. McGowan, Abigail C. Bretzin, Morgan Anderson, Matthew B. Pontifex, Tracey Covassin
Summary: This study determined the sensitivity and specificity of a computerized cognitive flexibility task combined with clinical symptom factor scores for detecting concussion acutely. The results showed that this combination approach had high sensitivity and specificity, and using a stepwise method improved detection when clinical symptoms alone were not indicative of concussion. Incorporating this cognitive flexibility task may enhance clinical decision-making in a timely manner.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Lauren E. Bullard, Colt A. Coffman, Jacob J. M. Kay, Jeffrey P. Holloway, Robert D. Moore, Matthew B. Pontifex
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the changes in postconcussion symptomatology in individuals exhibiting ADHD-related behaviors and examine the factors that drive such relationships. The findings showed that inattentive symptomatology was related to greater severity of concussion symptoms and overall symptoms endorsed, but not to the diagnosis of ADHD. The relationship between ADHD symptomatology and concussion symptomatology was not due to overlapping constructs being assessed. Furthermore, executive dysfunction was not responsible for the greater concussion-related symptomatology associated with ADHD-related symptomatology.
JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Madison C. Chandler, Oksana K. Ellison, Amanda L. McGowan, Kimberly M. Fenn, Matthew B. Pontifex
Summary: Excessive screen time in undergraduate students is associated with poorer mental health and higher perceived stress. Physical activity and sleep may moderate the relationship between screen time and stress, mitigating its negative effects.
JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Amanda L. McGowan, Hope K. Gerde, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Matthew B. Pontifex
Summary: This study examined the relationship between meeting the World Health Organization's 24-hour movement behavior recommendations and young children's self-regulation and quantity estimation skills. The findings showed that meeting more recommendations was associated with better quantity estimation and self-regulation. The study suggests that promoting an active lifestyle during early childhood is important for cognitive health and early educational outcomes.
EARLY EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Matthew B. Pontifex, Colt A. Coffman
Summary: Although dry and hybrid-style electrode technology has been validated, it is not widely used. The g.tec Unicorn Hybrid Black system attempts to address limitations in EEG systems and provides flexibility for various applications.
Article
Pediatrics
Alyx Taylor, Chuidan Kong, Zhihao Zhang, Fabian Herold, Sebastian Ludyga, Sean Healy, Markus Gerber, Boris Cheval, Matthew Pontifex, Arthur F. Kramer, Sitong Chen, Yanjie Zhang, Notger G. Mueller, Mark S. Tremblay, Liye Zou
Summary: This study found that adhering to evidence-based 24-hour movement behavior guidelines is associated with reduced cognitive and social difficulties in children and adolescents with ADHD. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors in this population.
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Madison C. Chandler, Hope K. Gerde, Ryan P. Bowles, Kyla Z. McRoy, Matthew B. Pontifex, Gary E. Bingham
Summary: The study found that self-regulation moderates the relation between fine motor skills and early writing development, depending on the difficulty of the writing task. Self-regulation is important for children with different levels of fine motor skills when completing writing tasks of varying complexity, suggesting that these skills may compensate for deficits in one another.
EARLY CHILDHOOD RESEARCH QUARTERLY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Amanda L. McGowan, Madison C. Chandler, Matthew B. Pontifex
Summary: The study found that individuals with higher aerobic fitness have greater cognitive resources when performing arithmetic cognition, allowing them to execute exact and approximate arithmetic faster. These differences in cognitive resources may not only affect educational achievement, but also impact motivation for engaging in health behaviors.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCE AND EDUCATION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Amanda L. McGowan, Hope K. Gerde, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Matthew B. Pontifex
Summary: The study found that young children can engage in physical activity while receiving academic instruction without affecting learning and retention. Physically active lessons led to a significant increase in step counts and reduction in off-task behavior, demonstrating the benefits of incorporating movement into early childhood education.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCE AND EDUCATION
(2021)