Deep eutectic solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction of phytochemical compounds from black jamun pulp

Microwave-assisted extraction of black jamun fruit pulp was conducted under different processing conditions and the phytochemical compounds of the extract were accessed. The extraction method was modeled by an artificial neural network (ANN) by varying microwave power, extraction time, liquid-solid ratio, and water percentage in deep eutectic solvent (DES) in the range of 200-400 W, 240-300 s, 20-50 ml g(-1), and 10-40%, respectively. The ANN result showed that microwave power had the highest effect on total phenolic content (TPC) followed by microwave heating duration, water contents in DES, and the solid-to-liquid ratio. The water content in DES significantly affected the yield of TPC and TAC and had a positive effect on both the responses. The optimum values obtained from the integrated ANN and genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) approach for TPC and total anthocyanin content (TAC) were 44.483 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g(-1) and 9.682 mg C3G g(-1), respectively. The optimum values were attained at a microwave power of 400 W, the water content in DES of 40%, the liquid-solid ratio of 48 ml g(-1), and extraction time of 240 s. Integrated ANN-GA modeling of extraction is vital for selecting the correct extraction method and the industrial scale-up of the technique. Practical Applications The research uses a hybrid artificial neural network and genetic algorithm approach to obtain the optimum condition for the extraction of black jamun pulp. The application of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in bioactive compound extraction is an innovative approach for reducing pollution, lowering costs, and enhancing extraction efficiency. The water content of the DES had a positive impact on total phenolic content and anthocyanin content yield. Therefore, the suggested optimization of the extraction process by applying DES would provide increased extract yield within a shorter extraction time with lesser solvents consumption. The anthocyanin compounds extracted can be used in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.

Automated summary

The study used a hybrid artificial neural network and genetic algorithm approach to determine the optimum conditions for extracting black jamun pulp. The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in the extraction of bioactive compounds is an innovative and environmentally friendly approach. The water content in DES positively impacts the yield of total phenolic content and anthocyanin content, suggesting that optimizing the extraction process with DES could result in increased yield and reduced solvent consumption.