Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shun-Fu Chang, Hsiao-En Tsai, Jong-Tar Kuo, Yu-Rong Ruan, Chiu-Yen Chen, Shin-Yi Wang, Po-Yu Liu, Ding-Yu Lee
Summary: This study elucidates the relationship between blood reflux and epigenetic factors HDACs and DNMTs, as well as their roles in chronic venous disease (CVD). The results show that blood reflux leads to increased expression of HDACs and DNMTs, inhibiting metabolic regulation and promoting venous endothelial cell dysfunction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Yin Shi, Han-Ming Shen, Vidya Gopalakrishnan, Nancy Gordon
Summary: Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that protects cells from harm and allows survival under stress conditions. The regulation of autophagy is complex, involving various signaling pathways including AMPK and mTOR. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms can lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monika Pieniawska, Katarzyna Izykowska
Summary: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that alter chromatin structure, affecting gene expression. They play important roles in T-cell development and function. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of HDACs in early T-cell development and mature lymphocyte function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dan Zhang, Jifa Zhang, Yuxi Wang, Guan Wang, Pan Tang, Yun Liu, Yiwen Zhang, Liang Ouyang
Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease caused by a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Recent studies have revealed the epigenetic mechanisms involved in PD, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA (miRNA) regulation. Epigenetic regulators could be potential therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disorders. This review summarizes the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in PD and discusses the use of inhibitors and activators of these regulators, as well as the neuroprotective effects of small molecule epigenetic modulators. Additionally, the contribution of miRNAs to the underlying mechanisms of PD and miRNA-based therapies are also discussed.
MEDICINAL RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Zahra Sahafnejad, Shahin Ramazi, Abdollah Allahverdi
Summary: Epigenetics is a significant field in biology that investigates changes in gene expression patterns not attributed to DNA sequence changes. Epigenetic marks, such as histone modifications, non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation, play crucial roles in gene regulation. Aberrant epigenetic marks have been found to be associated with various diseases.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xingrui He, Zi Hui, Li Xu, Renren Bai, Yuan Gao, Zongcheng Wang, Tian Xie, Xiang-Yang Ye
Summary: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important enzymes involved in the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues, and have shown potential therapeutic applications in cancer and various diseases. There are currently numerous HDAC inhibitors under clinical investigation, aiming to provide up-to-date information for drug discovery programs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Agata Strejczek, Dawid Woszczyk, Helena Urbaniak, Martyna Rozanska, Michal Robak, Zofia Matuszewska, Anna-Maria Barciszewska
Summary: Medulloblastoma is a common and malignant brain tumor in children, with current therapies causing significant side effects. Recent advances in understanding the epigenetic mechanisms involved in its development could potentially lead to less toxic and more effective treatments. Epigenetics may play a key role in treating medulloblastoma while maintaining quality of life and improving overall survival rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Bryan McClarty, Guadalupe Rodriguez, Hongxin Dong
Summary: The study showed that the HDAC inhibitor CI-994 at different doses could reduce motor and memory side effects induced by haloperidol in aged mice. A dose of 20 mg/kg was effective in improving motor coordination and mitigating memory impairment in aged mice. Biochemical analyses indicated an increase in histone acetylation and expression of the dopamine 2 receptor gene in aged mice after administration of CI-994 at 20 mg/kg.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Mode Al Ojaimi, Bashar J. Banimortada, Amna Othman, Korbinian M. Riedhammer, Mohammed Almannai, Ayman W. El-Hattab
Summary: Epigenetic modifications of DNA and histone tails are crucial for regulating gene expression, especially during neurodevelopment. Histone methylation, an important epigenetic regulator, is involved in several neurodevelopmental syndromes.
Review
Oncology
Yu Chen, Qingfan Yang, Jinrun Xu, Liyao Tang, Yan Zhang, Fukuan Du, Yueshui Zhao, Xu Wu, Mingxing Li, Jing Shen, Ruilin Ding, Hongying Cao, Wanping Li, Xiaobing Li, Meijuan Chen, Zhigui Wu, Chi Hin Cho, Yu Du, Qinglian Wen, Zhangang Xiao
Summary: PROTAC is a powerful strategy for targeted protein degradation, utilizing the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system to induce protein degradation. It has advantages such as broad targeting profile, good cell permeability, tissue specificity, high selectivity, oral bioavailability, and controllability. Multiple PROTACs targeting gastrointestinal cancers have been successfully developed and validated in clinical trials.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Chunyan Hua, Jiaqing Chen, Shuting Li, Jianan Zhou, Jiahong Fu, Weijian Sun, Wenqian Wang
Summary: The review discusses the application of KDM6 demethylases in cancer therapy, covering their structural features, regulatory mechanisms, and functions. KDM6 plays complex roles in human cancers, acting as either a tumor suppressor or an oncoprotein. Potential therapy approaches based on the characteristics and mechanisms of KDM6 enzymes are proposed.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Lishu He, Gwen Lomberk
Summary: Disrupted DNA damage signaling poses a significant threat to cell integrity and is closely associated with cancer development. Recent advances in chromatin biology, particularly in histone post-translational modifications, have shown great promise for cancer therapeutics. Key histone methylation pathways play a crucial role in DNA damage repair and tumorigenesis, making them potential targets for cancer treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Bingyi Zhou, Deliang Liu, Yuyong Tan
Summary: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with digestive system cancers being a primary contributor. Acetylation and deacetylation play crucial roles in cancer development, with HDAC6 being a widely studied enzyme that is upregulated in various tumors and associated with clinicopathological characteristics. There is ongoing research on HDAC6 inhibitors and their potential in inhibiting tumor growth.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Victor M. Del Castillo Falconi, Karla Torres-Arciga, Genaro Matus-Ortega, Jose Diaz-Chavez, Luis A. Herrera
Summary: DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic mark used by living beings. DNMTs family, including DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3, plays important roles in DNA methylation process. DNMTs are conserved in various organisms and their duplication or deletion can affect their structure and cellular function. The regulatory mechanisms of DNMTs expression are associated with diverse cell phenotypes and transcription deregulation in diseases. This work focuses on the biology, functions, and inhibitory mechanisms of DNMTs, and discusses different approaches and their importance in biological, clinical, and industrial research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nasrullah, Abrar Hussain, Sagheer Ahmed, Mahmood Rasool, Abdul Jabbar Shah
Summary: DNA methylation is a process of adding methyl groups to the DNA molecule, which can alter the function of DNA. The importance and role of DNA methylation vary across different organisms, with mammals showing a strong relationship between DNA methylation and diseases such as cancer and placental development.
Article
Oncology
Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Begum Dariya, Prameswari Kasa, Sujatha Peela, Sujatha Peela Bassel F. El-Rayes
Summary: HCC is the most common primary malignancy of the liver, with a high fatality rate. Genetic and epigenetic aberrations are commonly observed in HCC, including chromatin remodeling, histone alterations, DNA methylation, and ncRNA expression. In-depth understanding of the epigenetics of HCC is critical for developing rational clinical strategies, improving overall survival, and predicting therapeutic outcomes.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Christine K. Fitzsimmons, Amanda J. Stephens, Jessica A. Kennard, Madhavi Manyam, Julie W. Pepe, Sarfraz Ahmad, Nathalie D. McKenzie, James E. Kendrick, Robert W. Holloway
Summary: This study evaluated patterns of recurrence and histopathologic risk factors in patients who underwent robotic radical hysterectomy. The findings showed that all recurrences were associated with lesions >= 2 cm, and no recurrences were identified with negative conization margins. Carcinomatosis was observed in early-stage cervical cancers treated with RRH and was associated with reduced OS.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Christine K. Fitzsimmons, Amanda J. Stephens, Jessica A. Kennard, Madhavi Manyam, Julie W. Pepe, Sarfraz Ahmad, Nathalie D. McKenzie, James E. Kendrick, Robert W. Holloway
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Slavcho T. Tomov, Grigor A. Gorchev, Desislava K. Kiprova, Aleksandar D. Lyubenov, Nadezhda H. Hinkova, Vesela D. Tomova, Zornitsa Gorcheva, Sarfraz Ahmad
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of different surgical approaches (abdominal hysterectomy, laparoscopic hysterectomy, robotic hysterectomy) for patients with endometrial cancer in premier centers in Bulgaria. The results showed that minimally invasive surgery resulted in better peri-operative, oncologic, and survival outcomes. Robotic hysterectomy was not only safe in terms of post-operative results, but also for mortality and oncologic rates.
JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
RamaRao Malla, Kiran Puvalachetty, Rahul K. Vempati, Rakshmitha Marni, Neha Merchant, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
Summary: The interplay between cancer stem cells, exosomes, and circulatory tumor cells in breast cancer has been discussed. They communicate with stromal and immune cells to promote metastasis and induce epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in metastasis.
CLINICAL BREAST CANCER
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sai Samyuktha Bandaru, Rajendra Boyilla, Neha Merchant, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Bassel F. El-Rayes
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally and has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. The interaction between the immune system and cancer cells is crucial in the progression of CRC. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key regulatory role in CRC progression by modulating the immune response and suppressing immunity against tumor-specific antigens. However, Tregs can also contribute to tumor progression by accumulating in the tumor microenvironment and inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses. This paper reviews the role of Tregs in CRC progression, their interaction with other immune cells within the CRC microenvironment, and current clinical trials.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Nyshadham S. N. Chaitanya, Prasad Tammineni, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Aramati B. M. Reddy
Summary: The cytosolic adaptor protein ECSIT is involved in the toll-like receptor pathway and regulates various biological processes. It interacts with multiple signaling intermediates and its molecular functions in pathophysiology remain unclear.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ganji Seeta Rama Raju, Eluri Pavitra, Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad, Sai Samyuktha Bandaru, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Batoul Farran, Yun Suk Huh, Young-Kyu Han
Summary: The tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial in cancer development and drug resistance. Nano-based approaches offer advantages for targeting and reprogramming abnormal TME components, improving clinical outcomes in cancer treatment.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jay Natu, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly malignancy with high chemoresistance. Gemcitabine, one of the primary treatments for PDAC, has limited benefits due to interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Preclinical models have shown that certain schedules of gemcitabine administration can modulate the TME without promoting resistance. Metronomic therapy is a promising strategy to overcome barriers in PDAC treatments.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dhana Sekhar Reddy Bandi, Sujith Sarvesh, Batoul Farran, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Bassel F. El-Rayes
Summary: Pancreatic cancer, specifically pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is challenging due to its complex and highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Immunometabolism plays a critical role in shaping the TME and influencing PDAC progression. Genetic alterations, lysosomal dysfunction, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and altered metabolic pathways modulate immunometabolism in PDAC, impacting immune cell functions and evading anti-tumor immunity. Advances in immunotherapy offer promising avenues for overcoming the immunosuppressive TME and improving patient outcomes.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Robert W. Holloway, Premal Thaker, Alberto A. Mendivil, Sarfraz Ahmad, Ahmed N. Al-Niaimi, James Barter, Tiffany Beck, Setsuko K. Chambers, Robert L. Coleman, Sarah M. Crafton, Erin Crane, Eskander Ramez, Sharad Ghamande, Whitney Graybill, Thomas Herzog, Megan Dr Indermaur, Veena S. John, Lisa Landrum, Peter C. Lim, Joseph A. Lucci, Michael McHale, Bradley J. Monk, Kathleen Nadine Moore, Robert Morris, David M. O'Malley, Thomas J. Reid, Debra Richardson, Peter G. Rose, Jennifer M. Scalici, Dan-Arin Silasi, Krishnansu Tewari, Edward W. Wang
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of intra-peritoneal Olvi-Vec followed by platinum-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab in patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer. The hypothesis is that this sequential combination therapy can prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and bring other clinical benefits compared to treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Begum Dariya, Bala Prabhakar Girish, Neha Merchant, Mundla Srilatha, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
Summary: Resveratrol, a natural phytochemical, shows potential in inhibiting colorectal cancer progression and reducing multidrug resistance. It targets multiple cancer-promoting pathways and transcription factors, inhibiting CRC development and reducing the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lyudmila U. Sarder, Sarfraz Ahmad
Summary: Biosimilars are a new class of medications that are highly similar to biologics in terms of safety and efficacy, but not the same as generics or reference drugs. The use of biosimilars in oncology is slowly increasing, providing a more affordable treatment option for cancer patients. Trastuzumab biosimilars have shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, but healthcare professionals still have some concerns about their use. This article analyzes the literature on trastuzumab biosimilars and their advantages for breast cancer treatment.
RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Theresa M. Kuhn, Saeeda Dhanani, Sarfraz Ahmad
Summary: Endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecologic malignancy, and recent research has categorized it into four groups, providing a more objective and reproducible classification with significant implications for prognosis and treatment. Disease stage is the most significant prognostic marker, and various factors contribute to the prognosis. Treatment is tailored based on stage and the risk of recurrence.
Article
Surgery
Grigor A. Gorchev, Slavcho T. Tomov, Desislava K. Kiprova, Aleksandar D. Lyubenov, Nadezhda Hinkova, Vesela D. Tomova, Sarfraz Ahmad
Summary: The study compared abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) and robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) for cervical cancer (CC) treatment outcomes in Bulgaria. RRH had shorter hospital stay, higher postoperative hemoglobin, and fewer complications compared to ARH. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between the two surgical approaches.
JOURNAL OF ROBOTIC SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Karlie R. Sharma, Christine M. Colvis, Griffih P. Rodgers, Douglas M. Sheeley
Summary: There are many genes within the druggable genome that have not been studied, and the US National Institutes of Health's program provides resources to explore these genes, with the potential for rapid impact on human health.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2024)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohammad Sameer Khan, B. H. Jaswanth Gowda, Waleed H. Almalki, Tanuja Singh, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
Summary: Mitochondria-specific functional liposomes hold great potential for cancer therapy. This review discusses the association between mitochondria and tumor formation, as well as the advantages of liposomes in delivering drugs to mitochondria.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2024)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Choong Yong Ung, Cristina Correia, Hu Li, Christopher M. Adams, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Shizhen Zhu
Summary: With increasing human life expectancy, the global medical burden of chronic diseases is growing. Chronic diseases often involve malfunctioning of multiple organs, and understanding the interorgan crosstalk is crucial to understanding the etiology of chronic diseases. Researchers have proposed the locked-state model (LoSM) and cutting-edge systems biology and artificial intelligence strategies to decipher chronic multiorgan locked states. The findings have important clinical implications for improving treatments for chronic diseases.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2024)
