Review
Thermodynamics
Munonyedi Egbo
Summary: Vapor chambers are an important type of two-phase cooling system, with their thermal performance mainly dependent on the heat transfer and capillary characteristics of the wicking structure. This study classifies and compares vapor chambers based on different types of evaporation wicks, highlighting their respective pros and cons. Future research directions include manufacturing and characterizing vapor chambers for concentrated heat flux dissipation applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Liwen Ou, Xingchi Jiang, Shiwei Zhang, Yong Tang, Guisheng Zhong, Jie Li
Summary: This study provides a new sintered aluminum powder wick for an aluminum vapor chamber. The influence of structural parameters on boiling heat transfer performance was investigated using acetone as the working medium. Thinner and porous wicks showed better critical heat flux, while porosity and particle diameter primarily affected the heat transfer coefficient. Compared to a polished aluminum plate, the critical heat flux increased by 1.7 times and the heat transfer coefficient increased by about 4.6 times under the same heat flux.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jui-Cheng Yu, Heng-Chieh Chien, Chao-Yang Chiang, En-Chia Liu, Yu-Hsiang Chang, Hung-Hsien Huang, Tang-Yuan Chen, Chin-Li Kao, Chien-Neng Liao
Summary: This study examines the capillary performance of a porous Cu wick structure fabricated using a new electrodeposition process. The morphology of the dendritic Cu deposits can be adjusted to effectively enhance the capillary wick performance. The thermally treated Cu wick shows excellent capillary performance and structural stability, which is important for high-density and large-area heat dissipation applications.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shwin-Chung Wong, Mao-Shen Deng
Summary: Two types of novel triple composite mesh-groove-powder wicks were proposed and tested in a flat-plate heat pipe. The results showed that the powders in the mesh-groove evaporator increased flow resistance and caused partial dry-out in some grooves at high heat loads, but the powder-only evaporator improved the heat load.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xin Cheng, Guang Yang, Jingyi Wu
Summary: This review comprehensively discusses the inherent mechanisms, optimization strategies, and fabrication technologies of evaporator wicks in vapor chambers, highlighting the trend of improving thermal performance and suggesting future research directions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Caiman Yan, Hongming Li, Yong Tang, Xinrui Ding, Xuepeng Yuan, Yifu Liang, Shiwei Zhang
Summary: In this study, a novel ultra-thin vapor chamber (UTVC) with a thickness of only 0.5mm was prepared using composite capillary wicks. Compared to traditional 2D copper mesh wicks, the composite wick showed better heat transfer performance and significantly reduced maximum temperature. This improved UTVC provides a guarantee for heat dissipation in future high-power portable electronic devices.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
S. Movaghgharnezhad, J. Darabi
Summary: The paper provides an overview of the development of Micro-/Nanostructured wicks for passive cooling systems, highlighting their high capillary pressure, large permeability, and larger areas for evaporation which lead to significantly higher heat removal capability and dryout heat flux. Various types and geometries of wick structures and their performance are discussed, along with limitations and recommendations for future investigations.
NANOSCALE AND MICROSCALE THERMOPHYSICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Soosik Bang, Jeonghwan Kim, Seunggeol Ryu, Seokkan Ki, Yun Jung Heo, Choongyeop Lee, Youngsuk Nam
Summary: We developed asymmetric capillary wicks using inclined photolithography, and studied the effects of inclination angle and wicking direction on capillary and heat transfer performances. The capillary performance was improved by up to 39% with forward flow and decreased by 21.3% with reverse flow. The heat transfer performance test showed that the wick-CHF of the asymmetric forward flow case was increased by 43.3% while maintaining the heat transfer coefficient. This work demonstrates the potential of asymmetric evaporator wicks for enhancing critical heat flux without sacrificing heat transfer coefficient, which can contribute to the development of high-performance thermal management solutions.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shwin-Chung Wong, Mao-Shen Deng, Min-Chieh Liu
Summary: This study investigates the capillary properties of a flat-plate heat pipe with a sintered composite copper mesh-groove wick and proposes a new formula for calculating its permeability. The experimental results show that the composite mesh-groove wick has a higher maximum heat load compared to another commonly used wick.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Guohui Zhou, Jingzhi Zhou, Xiulan Huai
Summary: The rise of advanced technologies has made thermal management a crucial factor in determining the performance and lifespan of electronic devices. Vapor chambers, as passive heat transfer devices, have attracted attention due to their high thermal conductivity and passive operation. In this study, a novel vapor chamber with a leaf-vein-inspired wick structure was proposed. Experimental results showed that the vapor chamber could effectively handle heat loads ranging from 20 W to 500 W with minimal performance degradation, making it a promising solution for cooling high-power and miniaturized electronics.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Syed Sohail Akhtar
Summary: A computational framework using effective-medium theory and mean-field homogenization is applied to design high-performance heat spreaders for electronic devices. The thermal interface between matrix and particles is found to be crucial for achieving the required thermal conductivity. Diamond particles show promising results, but their wettability with copper needs improvement, while ceramic particles are preferred candidates. Experimental data validates the computational design methodology.
ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL-JESTECH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Feng Zhou, Guohui Zhou, Jingzhi Zhou, Xiao Jia, Xiulan Huai
Summary: Enhancing cooling module performance is essential for addressing heat dissipation issues in high-power-density electronic devices and improving energy efficiency in cooling systems. This study fabricated three 2-mm-thick vapor-liquid channel separation vapor chambers with different wick structures. A novel radial-gradient sintered copper powder wick was developed to improve vapor-liquid conversion efficiency, while the other two had homogeneous porosity wick structures with varying pore sizes. Experimental results showed that thermal performance of the vapor chamber can be enhanced by implementing the radial-gradient porosity wick, with a reduction in thermal resistance of 55.8% compared to a copper plate. The proposed vapor chambers offer an efficient and reliable thermal management solution for various applications.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Suttida Maneemuang, Niti Kammuang-Lue, Pradit Terdtoon, Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai
Summary: The study investigated the effect of pipe flattening on pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of heat pipes. It was found that flattening the heat pipe resulted in increased pressure drop and reduced vapor core space, hindering heat transfer. Flattening the heat pipe caused the vapor core area to approach zero, leading to a high value of thermal resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Guangwen Huang, Wangyu Liu, Yuanqiang Luo, Yong Li, Hanyin Chen
Summary: The novel ultra-thin vapor chamber (UTVC) has effectively improved the heat dissipation of thin electronic products by increasing the heat load capacity and performing well in different positions, with an effective thermal conductivity of about 18,000 W/m.K in the gravity position.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Thermodynamics
Michael J. Gibbons, Marco Marengo, Tim Persoons
Summary: The emergence of foldable and wearable devices like Samsung Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X has led to a demand for increased battery capacity and processor performance, as well as the need for flexible thermal management solutions. This research provides a comprehensive review of rigid and flexible ultra-thin heat pipe technologies, exploring various types of heat pipes, their thermal performance, novel manufacturing processes, and potential future research directions in this field.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hai Zhao, Puzhen Gao, Xiaochang Li, Ruifeng Tian, Hongyang Wei, Sichao Tan
Summary: This study numerically investigates the interaction between flow-induced vibration and forced convection heat transfer in a tube bundle. The results show that the impact of flow-induced vibration on heat transfer varies in different flow velocity regions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rohit Chintala, Jon Winkler, Sugirdhalakshmi Ramaraj, Xin Jin
Summary: The current state of fault detection and diagnosis for residential air-conditioning systems is expensive and not suitable for widespread implementation. This paper proposes a cost-effective solution by introducing an automated fault detection algorithm as a screening step before more expensive tests can be conducted. The algorithm uses home thermostats and local weather information to identify thermodynamic parameters and detect high-impact air-conditioning faults.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Azimi, N. Basiri, M. Eslami
Summary: This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm for improving the water-film cooling system of photovoltaic panels, resulting in a significant increase in net energy generation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Duc-Thuan Phung, Chin-Hsiang Cheng
Summary: In this study, a novel CFDMD model is used to analyze and investigate the behavior of thermal-lag engines (TLE). The study shows that the CFDMD model effectively captures the thermodynamic behavior of the working gas and the dynamic behavior of the engine mechanism. Additionally, the study explores the temporal evolution of engine speed and the influence of various parameters on shaft power and brake thermal efficiency. The research also reveals the existence of a thermal-lag phenomenon in TLE.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haiying Yang, Yinjie Shen, Lin Li, Yichen Pan, Ping Yang
Summary: The purpose of this article is to find a measure to improve the interfacial thermal transfer of graphene/silicon heterojunction. Through molecular dynamics simulation, it is found that surface modification can significantly reduce the thermal resistance, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the graphene/silicon interface.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qiong Wu, Yancheng Wang, Haonan Zhou, Xingye Qiu, Deqing Mei
Summary: This article introduces a visible methanol steam reforming microreactor, which uses an optical crystal as an observation window and measures the reaction temperature in real-time using infrared thermography. The results show that under lower oxygen to carbon ratio conditions, the microreactor has a higher heating rate and a stable gradient in temperature distribution.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Thermodynamics
Giulia Manco, Umberto Tesio, Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying energy systems for the combined management of power vectors. Most of the published works focus on finding the optimal design and operations of Multi Energy Systems (MES). However, for newcomers to this field, understanding how to achieve the desired optimization details while controlling computational expenses can be challenging and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to analyzing the existing literature on MES, with the aim of guiding practical development of MES optimization. Through the discussion of six case studies, the authors provide a mathematical formulation as a reference for building the model and emphasize the impact of different aspects on the problem nature and solver selection. In addition, the paper also discusses the different approaches used in the literature for incorporating thermal networks and storage in the optimization of multi-energy systems.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xuepeng Yuan, Caiman Yan, Yunxian Huang, Yong Tang, Shiwei Zhang, Gong Chen
Summary: In this study, a multi-scale microgroove wick (MSMGW) was developed by laser irradiation, which demonstrated superior capillary performance. The surface morphology and performance of the wick were affected by laser scan pitch, laser power, repetition frequency, and scanning speed. The MSMGW showed optimal capillary performance in alumina material and DI water as the working fluid.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maofei Mei, Feng Hu, Chong Han
Summary: This paper proposes an effective local search method based on detection of droplet boundaries for understanding the dynamic process of droplet growth during dropwise condensation. The method is validated by comparing with experimental data. The present simulation provides an effective approach to more accurately predict the nucleation site density in future studies.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rahul Kumar Sharma, Ashish Kumar, Dibakar Rakshit
Summary: The study explores the use of phase change materials (PCM) as a retrofit with Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning systems (HVAC) to reduce energy consumption and improve air quality. By incorporating PCM with specific thickness and fin configurations, significant energy savings can be achieved in comparison to standard HVAC systems utilizing R134a. This research provides policymakers with energy-efficient and sustainable solutions for HVAC systems to combat climate change.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenhua Ren, Xiangjin Meng, Xingang Qi, Hui Jin, Yunan Chen, Bin Chen, Liejin Guo
Summary: This paper investigates the heat transfer mechanism and factors influencing thermal radiation in the process of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal, and proposes a comprehensive numerical model to simulate the process. Experimental validation results show that thermal radiation accounts for a significant proportion of the total heat exchange in the reactor and a large amount of radiant energy exists in the important spectral range of supercritical water. Enhancing radiative heat transfer can effectively increase the temperature of the reaction medium and the gasification rate.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mauro Abela, Mauro Mameli, Sauro Filippeschi, Brent S. Taft
Summary: Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHP) are passive two-phase heat transfer devices with a simple structure and high heat transfer capabilities. The actual unpredictability of their dynamic behavior during startup and thermal crisis hinders their large-scale application. An experimental apparatus is designed to investigate these phenomena systematically. The results show that increasing the number of evaporator sections and condenser temperature improves the performance of PHP. The condenser temperature also affects the initial liquid phase distribution and startup time.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ke Gan, Ruilian Li, Yi Zheng, Hui Xu, Ying Gao, Jiajie Qian, Ziming Wei, Bin Kong, Hong Zhang
Summary: A 3-dimensional enhanced heat pipe radiator has been developed to improve heat dissipation and temperature uniformity in cooling high-power electronic components. Experimental results show that the radiator has superior heat transfer performance compared to a conventional aluminum fin radiator under different heating powers and wind speed conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinyi Zhang, Shuzhong Wang, Daihui Jiang, Zhiqiang Wu
Summary: This study focuses on recovering waste heat from blast furnace slag using dry centrifugal pelletizing technology. A comprehensive two-dimensional model was developed to analyze heat transfer dynamics and investigate factors influencing heat exchange efficiency. The findings have important implications for optimizing waste heat recovery and ensuring safe operations.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xincheng Wu, An Zou, Qiang Zhang, Zhaoguang Wang
Summary: The boosting heat generation rate of high-performance processors is challenging traditional cooling techniques. This study proposes a combined design of active jet intermittency and passive surface modification to enhance heat transfer.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)