Review
Clinical Neurology
Gerard J. Gianoli
Summary: Dizziness is a common symptom after head trauma. Clinicians need to consider both central and peripheral components when diagnosing post-concussive dizziness. Peripheral vestibular dysfunction has a greater potential for correction in treatment, but many patients do not receive proper vestibular evaluation until long after the onset of symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
V Ouellet, V Boucher, F. Beauchamp, X. Neveu, P. Archambault, S. Berthelot, J. M. Chauny, E. De Guise, M. Emond, J. Frenette, E. Lang, J. Lee, Mercier, L. Moore, M. C. Ouellet, J. Perry, N. Le Sage
Summary: The study found that patients with concomitant injuries are more likely to experience post-concussion symptoms and have a higher risk of not returning to their normal activities compared to patients without concomitant injuries.
Article
Rehabilitation
Toril Skandsen, Jonas Stenberg, Turid Follestad, Migle Karaliute, Simen B. Saksvik, Cathrine E. Einarsen, Hanna Lillehaug, Asta K. Haberg, Anne Vik, Alexander Olsen, Grant L. Iverson
Summary: Personal factors play an important role in predicting postconcussion symptoms in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). Factors such as work status, preinjury health problems, and gender were found to be predictors of postconcussion symptoms. Intracranial abnormalities on CT scans were also identified as a risk factor for postconcussion symptoms.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ben Jones, James Tooby, Dan Weaving, Kevin Till, Cameron Owen, Mark Begonia, Keith Stokes, Steve Rowson, Gemma Phillips, Sharief Hendricks, Eanna Falvey, Marwan Al-Dawoud, Gregory Tierney
Summary: This study assesses the validity and feasibility of current instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) and associated systems. The results show differences between different iMG systems, providing useful information for sporting organizations to choose the most appropriate system to monitor head acceleration events in athletes, supporting player welfare initiatives related to concussion and head acceleration exposure.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Todd W. Lyons, Rebekah Mannix, Ken Tang, Keith Owen Yeates, Gurinder Sangha, Emma C. M. Burns, Darcy Beer, Alexander S. Dubrovsky, Isabelle Gagnon, Jocelyn Gravel, Stephen B. Freedman, William Craig, Kathy Boutis, Martin H. Osmond, Gerard Gioia, Roger Zemek
Summary: This study aimed to assess the occurrence and clustering of post-concussive symptoms in children and identify distinct patient phenotypes based on symptom type and severity. The results showed that post-concussive symptoms occur in distinct clusters and five patient groups were identified based on symptom type and severity.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Carol Cancelliere, Leslie Verville, Jacob L. Stubbs, Hainan Yu, Cesar A. Hincapie, J. David Cassidy, Jessica J. Wong, Heather M. Shearer, Gaelan Connell, Danielle Southerst, Scott Howitt, Brett Guist, Noah D. Silverberg
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that nearly one in three adults with mild traumatic brain injury experience mild severity post-concussion symptoms 3-6 months later. However, controlling for attrition bias, the true prevalence may be one in six. This highlights the need for studies with representative samples and high retention rates.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Carol Cancelliere, Leslie Verville, Jacob L. Stubbs, Hainan Yu, Cesar A. Hincapie, J. David Cassidy, Jessica J. Wong, Heather M. Shearer, Gaelan Connell, Danielle Southerst, Scott Howitt, Brett Guist, Noah D. Silverberg
Summary: Studies on the long-term symptoms and disability after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have produced mixed results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of self-reported post-concussion symptoms (PCS) and disability following mTBI. The findings suggest that approximately one in three adults with mTBI experience at least mild severity PCS 3-6 months after the injury, but controlling for attrition bias, the true prevalence may be one in six. Well-designed studies with representative samples and high retention rates are needed to further investigate this issue.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Jonathan E. Elliott, Nadir M. Balba, Alisha A. McBride, Megan L. Callahan, Kendall T. Street, Matthew P. Butler, Mary M. Heinricher, Miranda M. Lim
Summary: This study examined the effectiveness of different methods for evaluating history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), finding that the Head Trauma Events Characteristics (HTEC) method had the highest sensitivity. It also noted that the results and conclusions may significantly differ depending on the diagnostic method used.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ioannis Mavroudis, Alin Ciobica, Alina Costina Luca, Ioana-Miruna Balmus
Summary: Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common and debilitating consequence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) that can occur over one year after the head impact event. Understanding the pathophysiology and risk factors of PTH is crucial for early identification and management. Risk factors for PTH include history of migraines or headaches, female gender, younger age, greater severity of the head injury, and co-occurring psychological symptoms. PTH can present in various clinical profiles and treatment options include pharmacological interventions and non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy and physical therapy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neuroimaging
Michael Takagi, Gareth Ball, Franz E. Babl, Nicholas Anderson, Jian Chen, Cathriona Clarke, Gavin A. Davis, Stephen J. C. Hearps, Renee Pascouau, Nicholas Cheng, Vanessa C. Rausa, Marc Seal, Jesse S. Shapiro, Vicki Anderson
Summary: A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate white matter microstructure after concussion using internationally recognized criteria for concussion and a consistent imaging timepoint. The findings suggest that current diffusion techniques are insufficient to detect the white matter microstructure changes associated with delayed recovery from concussion.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Keith Owen Yeates, Anu M. Raisanen, Zahra Premji, Chantel T. Debert, Pierre Fremont, Sidney Hinds, Jonathan D. Smirl, Karen Barlow, Gavin A. Davis, Ruben J. Echemendia, Nina Feddermann-Demont, Colm Fuller, Isabelle Gagnon, Christopher C. Giza, Grant L. Iverson, Michael Makdissi, Kathryn J. Schneider
Summary: This systematic literature review aimed to determine the accurate tests and measures for diagnosing persisting post-concussive symptoms (PPCS) in children, adolescents, and adults following sport-related concussion (SRC). The results showed that the diagnosis of PPCS still relies on symptom report, preferably using standardized symptom rating scales. No specific tool or measure has been found to have satisfactory accuracy for clinical diagnosis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Justin E. Karr, Michael W. Williams, Grant L. Iverson, Sheng-Jean Huang, Chi-Cheng Yang
Summary: This study found that there was no significant difference in outcomes within 21 days of MTBI between patients with pre-injury headache and those with post-traumatic headache only, but they had worse physical and cognitive symptoms compared to patients with no headache. Future research should investigate whether differences in outcomes emerge later from the injury.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Kristen Lambrinakos-Raymond, Alexander Sasha Dubrovsky, Isabelle Gagnon, Roger Zemek, Brett Burstein
Summary: Treatment for refractory PCH in the pediatric ED is highly variable, with patients with severe PCH most likely to receive intravenous therapies, often using metoclopramide. There is a lack of evidence supporting these choices and further research is urgently needed to establish the comparative effectiveness of pharmacotherapeutic treatments for children with refractory PCH.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Timo Hanninen, Jari Parkkari, David R. Howell, Vili Palola, Arttu Seppanen, Markku Tuominen, Grant L. Iverson, Teemu M. Luoto
Summary: This study aimed to examine the short-term test-retest reliability of the SCAT5. The results showed high reliability in symptoms but lower reliability in SAC and mBESS tests. Athletes may exhibit significant performance fluctuations in the short term, even without injury. Recommendations for interpreting changes in SCAT5 scores were provided.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Ioannis Mavroudis, Simela Chatzikonstantinou, Foivos Petridis, Octavian Dragos Palade, Alin Ciobica, Ioana-Miruna Balmus
Summary: Persistent post-concussion syndrome (PPCS) is a complex and debilitating condition that can develop after head concussions or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It is characterized by a wide range of symptoms that can persist for months or even years. The underlying mechanisms of PPCS are poorly understood, and there are limited resources for predicting PPCS development and no established treatment. Therefore, a functional overlay model is proposed to understand and treat PPCS more effectively.
Article
Ethnic Studies
Cristian Alvarez, Eduardo L. Cadore, Anelise Reis Gaya, Julio Brugnara Mello, Cezane Priscila Reuter, Pedro Delgado-Floody, Jeison A. Ramos Sepulveda, Hugo Alejandro Carrillo, Dirina Gonzalez Devia, Alex Veliz Burgos, Jaime Vasquez-Gomez, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Alicia Maria Alonso-Martinez, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between insufficient physical activity, blood pressure, and physical fitness in Latin-American schoolchildren of different ethnicities. The study finds that under conditions of insufficient physical activity, Mapuche schoolchildren have the highest blood pressure, while Embera, Tikuna, and European schoolchildren have the lowest levels of physical fitness.
ETHNICITY & HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Yasmin Ezzatvar, Nidia Huerta-Uribe, Alicia M. Alonso-Martinez, Maria J. Chueca-Guindulain, Sara Berrade-Zubiri, Mikel Izquierdo, Robinson Ramirez-Velez
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to examine the characteristics of the interventions. The study found that exercise interventions longer than 24 weeks, with at least 60 minutes of high-intensity exercise per session, may serve as a supportive therapy for metabolic control in youth with T1DM.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Nidia Huerta-Uribe, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Mikel Izquierdo, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis to examine the association between glycated hemoglobin and physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical fitness in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The findings suggest that low levels of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as extensive sedentary behavior, may contribute to poor glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes.
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Jose Francisco Lopez-Gil, Yasmin Ezzatvar, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during adolescence and glucose outcomes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adulthood. The results showed that adolescents who met physical activity and screen time guidelines had a lower risk of T2DM in adulthood, and those who met all three guidelines had the lowest risk.
JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Arantxa Gonzalez, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Inigo Latasa Amezqueta, Mikel Izquierdo, Javier Diez
Summary: Exercise intolerance remains a major unmet medical need in patients with heart failure, and skeletal myopathy is considered as the major limiting factor. Recent studies have suggested that circulating myokines synthesized and secreted by skeletal muscle may provide new insights into the pathophysiology and classification of HF-related skeletal myopathy. These myokines may also serve as biomarkers to personalize physical training for patients with HF and exercise intolerance. Furthermore, the production and secretion of myokines in patients with HF may interact with systemic alterations and affect cardiac structure and function, which can influence adverse cardiac remodeling and clinical outcomes in HF patients.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Mikel Izquierdo, Jose Francisco Lopez-Gil, David Rincon-Pabon, Edwar Nicolas Martinez-Jamioy, Rosemberg Rivera-Ruiz, Sebastian Castellanos-Montana, Miguel Alejandro Atencio-Osorio, Hugo Alejandro Carrillo-Arango, Alicia M. M. Alonso-Martinez, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine whether Colombian preschool-aged children meet all three 24-hour movement guidelines and to explore the associations between socio-ecological correlates and meeting these guidelines. A cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the National Survey of Nutritional Situation (ENSIN-2015) in Colombia, 2015-2016. The sample consisted of 3002 low-income preschoolers (3-4 years old, 50.7% boys). Data on physical activity, screen time, and sleep time were collected using a questionnaire reported by parents. The prevalence of preschoolers meeting all three 24-hour movement guidelines was 4.8%, and the prevalence of not meeting any of the guidelines was 16.6%. Boys and children without a television in their bedroom were more likely to meet all three movement guidelines. Strategies to promote adherence to these guidelines in low-income preschoolers should consider the importance of sex and home environment changes.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2023)
Review
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Javier Diez, Arantxa Gonzalez, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: This study investigates the effects of exercise training on exerkines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and determines the optimal exercise prescription. The results show that exercise training can induce changes in exerkine levels, with positive effects on glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, waist circumference, and body mass. Therefore, exercise training is an important therapeutic approach for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ryan G. L. Koh, Tracy M. Paul, Karlo Nesovic, Daniel West, Dinesh Kumbhare, Richard D. Wilson
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and minimal detectable difference (MDD) of pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in pain-free participants. Two examiners measured PPTs over two consecutive days using a standardized method and hand-held algometer. The results showed high inter- and intra-rater reliability, with an MDD of 1.24 kg/cm(2) on day 1 and 0.88 kg/cm(2) on day 2.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PAIN
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Mikel Izquierdo, Maria Fiatarone Singh
Summary: Exercise and physical activity have significant benefits for older adults with various physical and neuropsychological diseases and disabilities, including those without pharmacological treatments or with risky treatments. However, exercise is underutilized and not fully integrated into geriatric medicine practice. Frailty should not be seen as a barrier to exercise, but rather a reason to prescribe it. Exercise prescription needs to be emphasized in the training of healthcare professionals and seen as a mandatory component in geriatric medicine.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alicia M. Alonso-Martinez, Gaizka Legarra-Gorgonon, Yesenia Garcia-Alonso, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Loreto Alonso-Martinez, Blanca Erice-Echegaray, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the impact of a 12-week gamified family-based health and exercise intervention on physical fitness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral health, and adherence to 24-h movement guidelines in children aged 4 to 5 years old. The study will assess changes in sedentary levels, physical fitness, basic motor competencies, mental and behavioral disorders, adherence to the exercise program, and compliance with physical activity recommendations. The exercise group will undergo a 12-week exercise intervention, while the routine care group will receive routine care for 12 weeks followed by a control period.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francisco Guede-Rojas, Paulina Ibacache-Saavedra, Maria Ines Leal, Marcelo Tuesta, Cristobal Duran-Marin, Fernanda Carrasco-Marin, Igor Cigarroa, Cristian Alvarez, Mikel Izquierdo, Pedro Delgado-Floody
Summary: This study aimed to understand the cardiometabolic factors in hip and knee osteoarthritis (OAD) and their association with different body composition phenotypes characterized by muscle mass and adiposity. The study found that OAD is associated with hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk in older adults. The low muscle mass/high adiposity phenotype is particularly related to cardiometabolic factors.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Maria Iriarte-Fernandez, Guzman Santafe, Armando Malanda, John R. Beard, Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Mikel Izquierdo
Summary: The concept of intrinsic capacity (IC) is proposed by the World Health Organization as central for healthy ageing. This study examines the association between IC and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality in middle- and older-aged adults. The results indicate that IC deficit score is a powerful predictor of CVD incidence and premature death.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Gaizka Legarra-Gorgonon, Yesenia Garcia-Alonso, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Blanca Erice-Echegaray, Mikel Izquierdo, Alicia M. Alonso-Martinez
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between basic motor competencies (BMC) and physical fitness in Spanish preschool children. The findings suggest that higher BMC is associated with better physical fitness, highlighting the importance of basic motor competence in promoting physical activity in preschool-aged children.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Antonio Garcia-Hermoso, Yasmin Ezzatvar, Alicia M. Alonso-Martinez, Robinson Ramirez-Velez, Mikel Izquierdo, Jose Francisco Lopez-Gil
Summary: This study analyzed data from a nationally representative US cohort and found that adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during adolescence is associated with lower risk of abdominal obesity in adulthood. Adolescents who met screen time recommendation alone or combined with physical activity, as well as those who met all three recommendations, had lower waist circumference in adulthood. In addition, adhering to the 24-h movement guidelines during adolescence was also associated with lower risk of abdominal obesity in adulthood.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ryan G. L. Koh, Md Asif Khan, Sajjad Rashidiani, Samah Hassan, Victoria Tucci, Theodore Liu, Karlo Nesovic, Dinesh Kumbhare, Thomas E. Doyle
Summary: This study presents a new screening tool called STAR-ML for assessing the reporting quality of machine learning (ML) studies. A pilot scoping review in the field of chronic pain was conducted to investigate the tool's effectiveness. The tool provides researchers with a reliable and systematic way to evaluate ML study reporting quality and make informed decisions in literature reviews.
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)