Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anurag Mehta, Vardhmaan Jain, Anum Saeed, Joseph J. Saseen, Martha Gulati, Christie M. Ballantyne, Salim S. Virani
Summary: Multiple large-scale investigations have shown clear race/ethnic differences in plasma Lp(a) concentration, with blacks having the highest levels. Genetics plays an important role in these differences. Elevated Lp(a) levels are generally associated with cardiovascular risk in all race/ethnic groups, but finding an appropriate threshold for risk prediction and guidance for preventive therapy is challenging due to the variations in Lp(a) levels and distribution.
Article
Rheumatology
Sabina Oreska, Hana Storkanova, Aneta Pekacova, Jaroslav Kudlicka, Vladimir Tuka, Ondrej Mikes, Zdislava Krupickova, Martin Satny, Eva Chytilova, Jan Kvasnicka, Maja Spiritovic, Barbora Hermankova, Petr Cesak, Marian Rybar, Karel Pavelka, Ladislav Senolt, Herman Mann, Jiri Vencovsky, Michal Vrablik, Michal Tomcik
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) compared with healthy controls (HC) and assess its association with disease-specific features. The study found a significantly higher prevalence of traditional CV risk factors, carotid artery disease (CARD), abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in IIM patients compared with HC. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) was inaccurate in predicting CV risk in IIM.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mauro Vaccarezza, Francesco Maria Galassi
Summary: Despite advancements in standard care, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the main culprit behind heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular diseases, imposing significant burdens on life expectancy, quality of life, morbidity, and costs. Elevated cholesterol levels and inflammation have been recognized as cardiovascular risk factors, and recent research highlights the role of inflammation in determining cardiovascular risk independent of cholesterol levels and treatments.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Christopher L. Schaich, Joseph Yeboah, Mark A. Espeland, Laura D. Baker, Jingzhong Ding, Kathleen M. Hayden, Bonnie C. Sachs, Suzanne Craft, Stephen R. Rapp, Jose A. Luchsinger, Annette L. Fitzpatrick, Susan R. Heckbert, Wendy S. Post, Gregory L. Burke, Norrina B. Allen, Timothy M. Hughes
Summary: Background vascular risk scores are associated with cognitive performance and decline, with differences in associations observed among different risk scores and racial/ethnic groups.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Daisy Vedder, Martijn Gerritsen, Michael T. Nurmohamed, Ronald F. van Vollenhoven, Christian Lood
Summary: The study revealed elevated levels of neutrophil activation markers, MPO and calprotectin, in gout patients compared to healthy controls. These markers were associated with various risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Furthermore, the presence of a neutrophil activation signature was strongly linked to an increased 10-year risk of cardiovascular mortality in these patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rohit Mital, Joseph Bayne, Fatima Rodriguez, Bruce Ovbiagele, Deepak L. Bhatt, Michelle A. Albert
Summary: Despite significant advances in the fields of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, there are notable racial and ethnic disparities. In addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, disparities in care provision, social determinants of health, and racial discrimination within and outside of the health care system also contribute to these differences. Improved culturally congruent communication about risk factors and symptoms is needed to achieve better and more equitable outcomes in CAD and stroke.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Frederick K. Ho, Stuart R. Gray, Paul Welsh, Jason M. R. Gill, Naveed Sattar, Jill P. Pell, Carlos Celis-Morales
Summary: This study explores the differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated factors among South Asian, Black, and White individuals. The results suggest that adiposity is an important risk factor for CVD regardless of ethnicity. Targeting interventions based on different risk profiles may be the most effective approach to address ethnic inequalities in CVD incidence.
Article
Hematology
Vlad C. Vasile, Jeffrey W. Meeusen, Jose R. Medina Inojosa, Leslie J. Donato, Christopher G. Scott, Meredith S. Hyun, Manlio Vinciguerra, Richard R. Rodeheffer, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Allan S. Jaffe
Summary: The study found that ceramide score is closely associated with cardiovascular disease and MACE risk, with those in the highest score group having nearly 1.5 times the risk of MACE compared to the lowest score group. This risk is independent of conventional risk factors and shows a dose-response relationship.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Anouar Hafiane, Stella S. Daskalopoulou
Summary: Chronic subclinical inflammation plays a key role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. While lipid-lowering medications have been established as effective in prevention and treatment, the modulation of inflammation remains controversial. This review discusses novel therapeutic agents targeting inflammatory pathways and their potential to change preventive cardiology practices.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ahmet Belce, Beyza Nur Ozkan, Fatma Sena Dumlu, Behice Hande Sisman, Eray Metin Guler
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, characterized by lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. This study found that oxidative stress and inflammation markers were higher in atherosclerosis patients, while antioxidant markers were lower. After treatment, these markers improved.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Daniel H. Katz, Usman A. Tahir, Alexander G. Bick, Akhil Pampana, Debby Ngo, Mark D. Benson, Zhi Yu, Jeremy M. Robbins, Zsu-Zsu Chen, Daniel E. Cruz, Shuliang Deng, Laurie Farrell, Sumita Sinha, Alec A. Schmaier, Dongxiao Shen, Yan Gao, Michael E. Hall, Adolfo Correa, Russell P. Tracy, Peter Durda, Kent D. Taylor, Yongmei Liu, W. Craig Johnson, Xiuqing Guo, Jie Yao, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Ani W. Manichaikul, Deepti Jain, Claude Bouchard, Mark A. Sarzynski, Stephen S. Rich, Jerome I. Rotter, Thomas J. Wang, James G. Wilson, Pradeep Natarajan, Robert E. Gerszten
Summary: This study used whole genome sequencing to analyze the plasma proteome in individuals with greater African ancestry, identifying novel genetic determinants of cardiovascular diseases and uncovering new biological mechanisms specific to African ancestry.
Article
Rheumatology
Gabriela Pocovi-Gerardino, Maria Correa-Rodriguez, Jose-Luis Callejas-Rubio, Raquel Rios-Fernandez, Maria Martin-Amada, Maria-Gracia Cruz-Caparros, Blanca Rueda-Medina, Norberto Ortego-Centeno
Summary: The study showed that greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with better anthropometric profiles, fewer cardiovascular disease risk factors, and lower disease activity and damage accrual scores in SLE patients. A higher Mediterranean diet score was linked to reduced odds of active SLE or the presence of damage. The results suggest a beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet on disease activity and cardiovascular risk in SLE patients.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Engelbert A. Nonterah, Nigel J. Crowther, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Abraham R. Oduro, Maryam Kavousi, Godfred Agongo, Todd J. Anderson, Gershim Asiki, Palwende R. Boua, Solomon S. R. Choma, David J. Couper, Gunnar Engstrom, Jacqueline de Graaf, Jussi Kauhanen, Eva M. Lonn, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Lisa K. Micklesfield, Shuhei Okazaki, Joseph F. Polak, Tatjana Rundek, Jukka T. Salonen, Stephen M. Tollman, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Diederick E. Grobbee, Michele Ramsay, Michiel L. Bots
Summary: The association between established cardiovascular risk factors and carotid-intima media thickness (CIMT) differs across racial or ethnic groups, which may be due to lifestyle risk factors and genetics. These differences have implications for developing race-ethnicity-specific primary prevention strategies and understanding the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Further investigations are needed to explore the burden of subclinical atherosclerosis in African American individuals.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lucia Scisciola, Vittoria Cataldo, Fatemeh Taktaz, Rosaria Anna Fontanella, Ada Pesapane, Puja Ghosh, Martina Franzese, Armando Puocci, Antonella De Angelis, Liberata Sportiello, Raffaele Marfella, Michelangela Barbieri
Summary: Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that leads to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for atherosclerosis. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors have been found to have anti-inflammatory effects and can potentially slow down the progression of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Felicia C. Chow, Nidhi S. Mundada, Shady Abohashem, Renaud La Joie, Leonardo Iaccarino, Victor M. Arechiga, Shreya Swaminathan, Gil D. Rabinovici, Elissa S. Epel, Ahmed Tawakol, Priscilla Y. Hsue
Summary: In this study, the relationships between stress, systemic and arterial inflammation, and metabolic activity in stress-related brain regions were examined in people living with HIV infection. The results showed that psychological stress was significantly correlated with systemic and carotid arterial inflammation, providing preliminary evidence for the connection between stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis in PLWH.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sam J. Neally, Kosuke Tamura, Steven D. Langerman, Sophie E. Claudel, Nicole Farmer, Nithya P. Vijayakumar, Kaveri Curlin, Marcus R. Andrews, Joniqua N. Ceasar, Yvonne Baumer, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
Summary: Living in neighborhoods with higher levels of socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with higher depression severity among U.S. adults. However, this association becomes non-significant after adjusting for individual-level socioeconomic status.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cristhian A. Gutierrez-Huerta, Briana S. Turner, Sophie E. Claudel, Nicole Farmer, Rafique Islam, Valerie M. Mitchell, Billy S. Collins, Yvonne Baumer, Alan T. Remaley, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
Summary: This study found differences in the immune cell profile between African Americans (AAs) and Caucasians, and demonstrated that lipid content was associated with differences in monocyte subsets among AAs. LDL treatment induced phenotypic changes in monocytes and altered the expression of specific chemokine receptors. Understanding these molecular mechanisms could have therapeutic benefits for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in high-risk populations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Melanie J. Davies, Vanita R. Aroda, Billy S. Collins, Robert A. Gabbay, Jennifer Green, Nisa M. Maruthur, Sylvia E. Rosas, Stefano Del Prato, Chantal Mathieu, Geltrude Mingrone, Peter Rossing, Tsvetalina Tankova, Apostolos Tsapas, John B. Buse
Summary: The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes have updated the consensus statements on the management of hyperglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes. The new recommendations highlight the importance of social determinants of health, weight management, and provide practical tips for implementation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Melanie J. Davies, Vanita R. Aroda, Billy S. Collins, Robert A. Gabbay, Jennifer Green, Nisa M. Maruthur, Sylvia E. Rosas, Stefano Del Prato, Chantal Mathieu, Geltrude Mingrone, Peter Rossing, Tsvetalina Tankova, Apostolos Tsapas, John B. Buse
Summary: The American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes have updated the consensus statements on the management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes in adults. The new recommendations focus on social determinants of health, physical activity behaviors, and weight management.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Sophie E. Claudel, Sushrut S. Waikar, Ashish Verma
Summary: This study presents a case of refractory hyponatremia that was difficult to diagnose and required a prolonged hospitalization. The diagnosis of primary polydipsia was ultimately suspected based on improbable 24-hour urine studies and confirmed by disconnecting the bathroom faucet to eliminate free water access. The diagnosis and management of primary polydipsia are further discussed.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nithya P. Vijayakumar, Sam J. Neally, Kameswari A. Potharaju, Kaveri Curlin, James F. Troendle, Billy S. Collins, Valerie M. Mitchell, Kosuke Tamura, Colby Ayers, Mario A. Pita, Hannatu A. Tarfa, Keitra Thompson, Foster Osei Baah, Andrew S. Baez, Lola R. Ortiz-Whittingham, Jennifer Wills Gallagher, Regina McCoy, Michael Heist, Cristhian A. Gutierrez-Huerta, Briana S. Turner, Yvonne Baumer, Nicole Farmer, Gwenyth R. Wallen, Tonya Dodge, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR QUALITY AND OUTCOMES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nuha A. ElSayed, Grazia Aleppo, Vanita R. Aroda, Raveendhara R. Bannuru, Florence M. Brown, Dennis Bruemmer, Billy S. Collins, Kenneth Cusi, Marisa E. Hilliard, Diana Isaacs, Eric L. Johnson, Scott Kahan, Kamlesh Khunti, Jose Leon, Sarah K. Lyons, Mary Lou Perry, Priya Prahalad, Richard E. Pratley, Jane Jeffrie Seley, Robert C. Stanton, Robert A. Gabbay
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Sophie E. Claudel, Christopher Valente, Hope Serafin, Mohamed Hassan Kamel, Sandeep Ghai
Summary: Improving communication between hospitals and outpatient dialysis facilities can reduce 30-day hospital readmissions for patients on dialysis at an urban, safety net hospital.
HEMODIALYSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Sophie E. Claudel, Malini Gandhi, Ankit B. Patel, Ashish Verma
Summary: Accurate evaluation of GFR is crucial in Oncology due to its impact on drug eligibility and dosing. However, there are no clear guidelines on the optimal method for determining kidney function in cancer patients. The commonly used GFR estimating equations may be less applicable in Oncology due to physiological changes in cancer patients. Despite limitations, the CKD-EPICr formula is recommended in clinical Oncology, along with other considerations such as the CamGFRv2 equation and cystatin c-based equations.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sophie E. Claudel, Jeeva Jaganathan, Ankit Patel, Elliot B. Tapper, Ashish Verma
Summary: There is currently a lack of clear guidance for fluid management in patients with cirrhosis, resulting in relatively stagnant clinical progress. Although several trials have attempted to establish the best resuscitative fluid, the lack of improvement in clinical outcomes leaves clinicians without clear guidance. Further research is needed to develop and validate volume assessment tools in the specific context of cirrhosis, while randomized controlled trials of protocolized resuscitation may improve care for these patients.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Alyssa Shishkov, Marcus R. Andrews, Sophie R. Alphonso, Yangyang Deng, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Jonathan H. Cantor, Kosuke Tamura
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
Sophie E. Claudel, Sushrut S. Waikar, Insa M. Schmidt, Ashish Verma
Article
Immunology
Yvonne Baumer, Mario A. Pita, Briana S. Turner, Andrew S. Baez, Lola R. Ortiz-Whittingham, Cristhian A. Gutierrez-Huerta, Sam J. Neally, Nicole Farmer, Valerie M. Mitchell, Billy S. Collins, Tiffany M. Powell-Wiley
Summary: Social determinants of health (SDoH) such as socioeconomic factors affect health through various biological mechanisms. This study investigates the impact of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (NSD) and individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) on monocytes, a type of white blood cell that plays a role in atherosclerosis. The findings suggest that NSD and serum catecholamine levels are associated with the expression of a receptor that facilitates the recruitment of monocytes to arterial plaques.
BRAIN, BEHAVIOR, & IMMUNITY - HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Sophie E. Claudel, Insa M. Schmidt, Ashish Verma