Journal
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01834-7
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Funding
- Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme [625997]
- Academy of Finland [328895]
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [CGL2010-21226/BOS, CGL2013-48277-P]
- AEI/FEDER, UE [CGL2016-76322]
- Promotion of Educational Policies, University and Research Department of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano - South Tyrol
- Academy of Finland (through FinBIF)
- Finnish Cultural Foundation
- Kone Foundation
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Ontario Genomics
- Genome Canada
- Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation
- Generalitat de Catalunya [2017-SGR-991]
- [PID2019-107078GB-I00]
- [AEI/10.13039/501100011033]
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Access to comprehensive DNA barcode libraries at continental scale is crucial for the study of global biodiversity. The assembly of a high-resolution reference library for European butterflies provides valuable insights into haplotype diversity and the need for further taxonomic research. This dataset opens up new opportunities for conservation, evolutionary studies, and understanding biogeographic patterns in European butterflies.
The study of global biodiversity will greatly benefit from access to comprehensive DNA barcode libraries at continental scale, but such datasets are still very rare. Here, we assemble the first high-resolution reference library for European butterflies that provides 97% taxon coverage (459 species) and 22,306 COI sequences. We estimate that we captured 62% of the total haplotype diversity and show that most species possess a few very common haplotypes and many rare ones. Specimens in the dataset have an average 95.3% probability of being correctly identified. Mitochondrial diversity displayed elevated haplotype richness in southern European refugia, establishing the generality of this key biogeographic pattern for an entire taxonomic group. Fifteen percent of the species are involved in barcode sharing, but two thirds of these cases may reflect the need for further taxonomic research. This dataset provides a unique resource for conservation and for studying evolutionary processes, cryptic species, phylogeography, and ecology.
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