Article
Plant Sciences
Xiaobing Zhao, Jinjin Song, Qiuxia Zeng, Yaying Ma, Hanmei Fang, Liyuan Yang, Ban Deng, Juan Liu, Jingping Fang, Liping Zuo, Jingjing Yue
Summary: In vitro organogenesis is a multistep process controlled by the balance between auxin and cytokinin. An efficient and reproducible protocol for papaya callus formation and shoot regeneration was established, with differential gene expression analysis revealing key regulators of phytohormone modulation and transduction processes, including transcription factors. Key TFs, CpLBD19 and CpESR1, were identified as potential regulators of callus induction and shoot formation in papaya, suggesting a regulatory network similar to that in Arabidopsis.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Horticulture
Mohammad Nasim Nasrat, Siti Zaharah Sakimin, Mansor Hakiman
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different light conditions and plant growth regulators on the phytochemical and antioxidant activities of in vitro-induced callus of Bougainvillea. The results showed that the callus culture produced comparable plant secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities to the mother plants. The study also found that the phenolic content and antioxidant activities varied depending on the extraction solvent and light conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Kevin Bellande, Duy-Chi Trinh, Anne-Alicia Gonzalez, Emeric Dubois, Anne-Sophie Petitot, Mikael Lucas, Antony Champion, Pascal Gantet, Laurent Laplaze, Soazig Guyomarc'h
Summary: Lateral root organogenesis is crucial for the development of a plant's root system. The early phase of cell proliferation in lateral root formation leads to the establishment of a root meristem-like structure. PUCHI gene plays a role in repressing the ectopic establishment of meristematic cells during early stages of lateral root development. These findings provide insights into the gene network that regulates timing and patterning in lateral root formation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hong-Rui Li, Yu-Kui Li, Jian Xiao, Cui Yang, Meng-Yuan Jiang, Kai Tian, Wei Wang, Yan-Hong Li, Xiang-Zhong Huang
Summary: A pilot study on the ethanol extracts of Agrimonia pilosa revealed anti-α-glucosidase and anti-inflammatory activities, with a new phenylethyl isocoumarin glycoside (1) and eight known compounds (2-9) being isolated. Compound 1 showed modest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while most compounds exhibited weak anti-inflammatory effects, except for compounds 3 and 6 which were inactive.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Kyounghee Lee, Jong Hee Kim, Ok-Sun Park, Yu Jin Jung, Pil Joon Seo
Summary: The overexpression of WOX5 promotes cytokinin signaling and shoot regeneration, enhancing the plant's capacity for tissue culture regeneration.
PLANT CELL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
Edvan Alves Chagas, Jonathan H. Crane, Pollyana Cardoso Chagas, Wagner Vendrame, Barbara Nogueira Souza Costa, Aurelio Rubens Neto, Maria Conceicao Rocha Araujo, Caroline de Araujo Machado, Elias Ariel Moura
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of different plant growth regulators at various concentrations for the induction of somatic embryogenesis from cac,ari nodal segments and leaf disk explants. The results will help advancing protocols for regeneration of somatic embryos and elucidating the physiological, molecular, and genetic mechanisms involved in the process of somatic embryogenesis for M. dubia.
Article
Plant Sciences
Miroslava Rakocevic, Aline de Holanda Nunes Maia, Marcus Vinicius de Liz, Rafaela Imoski, Cristiane Vieira Helm, Euclides Lara Cardozo Junior, Ivar Wendling
Summary: The metabolic composition of yerba mate leaves is influenced by various factors such as genetics, sex, plant and leaf age, light intensity, harvest time, climate, and fertilization. The study found that the metabolite segregation differed between winter and summer growth pauses. Although females generally had lower metabolite concentrations, there were cases of superior female metabolite accumulation. The stability of leaf protein and methylxanthines was observed over four years, while the decrease in phenolic content was associated with tree aging but not with sexual dimorphism.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaobai Li, Yan Hong, Aaron Jackson, Fangqi Guo
Summary: The study identified potential pathways associated with blueberry anthocyanin biosynthesis by deep sequencing sRNA, revealing the involvement of key genes and plant hormones in the regulation process.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Emma K. Turley, J. Peter Etchells
Summary: The development of secondary vascular tissue enhances the transport capacity and mechanical strength of plant bodies, contributing significantly to the world's biomass in the form of wood. The cambium, as the vascular meristem, is a unique stem cell population arising post-germination and exhibiting bifacial differentiation of xylem and phloem. Recent research in Arabidopsis thaliana has shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating cambium initiation, patterning, and maintenance.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Moutasem Omary, Naama Gil-Yarom, Chen Yahav, Evyatar Steiner, Anat Hendelman, Idan Efroni
Summary: Plants continuously form new organs in response to environmental cues. We studied the development of shoot-borne roots in tomato and found that these roots originate from phloem-associated cells through a unique transition state. This state requires the activity of a transcription factor called SBRL. Evolutionary analysis revealed the conservation of SBRL's function and regulation in angiosperms and its ancient duplication, with paralogs controlling wound-induced and lateral root initiation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Tsama Subrahmanyeswari, Sandeep Kumar Verma, Saikat Gantait
Summary: A novel and accelerated protocol for in vitro mass propagation of Dendrobium Yuki White was optimized, achieving rapid shoot-root initiation and multiplication. The study also explored the association between auxin-cytokinin and multiple growth attributes, and proposed a simple acclimatization procedure to enhance survival rate.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izabela Grzegorczyk-Karolak, Katarzyna Hnatuszko-Konka, Marta Krzeminska, Monika A. Olszewska, Aleksandra Owczarek
Summary: The study focuses on exploring the organogenic competence of various growth regulators to develop an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of Salvia bulleyana via leaf explants, aiming to maintain high production of active constituents and assess the possibilities of producing therapeutic compounds. Both direct and indirect organogenesis were observed, with the highest regeneration frequency achieved on leaves cultured in specific growth medium. The genetic stability of the obtained organogenic shoot lines was confirmed through ISSR marker-based profiling, indicating potential for stable cultures rich in bioactive metabolites.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liu Hong, Jennifer C. Fletcher
Summary: The development of animals and plants relies on pluripotent stem cells, and in plants, the stem cell reservoir is located in the shoot and root tips in structures called meristems. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) continuously produces new leaf, stem, and flower organs. SAM acts as the engine of plant development, balancing self-renewal and differentiation, and providing a constant source of new cells for organ formation while maintaining a stem cell reservoir. Various regulatory pathways, including transcription factors and hormone signaling, orchestrate SAM function and integrate stem cell activity and organ initiation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Farzaneh Darigh, Alireza Iranbakhsh, Zahra Oraghi Ardebili, Mostafa Ebadi, Halimeh Hassanpour
Summary: In vitro plant culture using simulated microgravity has been found to increase the production and concentration of cannabinoids in Cannabis indica callus cells, which has significant implications for meeting industrial demand for medicinal cannabis.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Khuliso Mathatha, Imah Mwaba, Lutendo Michael Mathomu, Ashwell Rungano Ndhlala, Ntakadzeni Edwin Madala
Summary: This study identified three HQT genes and one HCT gene involved in the synthesis of CGA in B. pilosa L. plants through gene sequencing technology and chemical analysis. These genes were found to be related to genes from other CGA-producing plants and have the potential to be applied in other plants to enhance their nutritional value.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Benjamin J. J. McCormick, Stephanie A. Richard, Laura E. Murray-Kolb, Gagandeep Kang, Aldo A. M. Lima, Estomih Mduma, Margaret N. Kosek, Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade, Eric R. Houpt, Pascal Bessong, Sanjaya Shrestha, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Tahmeed Ahmed, Laura E. Caulfield
Summary: This study found that exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life was associated with a lower likelihood of detecting certain enteric pathogens and delayed the first detection of some bacterial and viral pathogens in stool samples.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Efficient N. Ncube, Kgama Mathiba, Lucia H. Steenkamp, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: In this study, the filamentous yeast Hyphozyma roseoniger was used for biocatalytic conversion of sclareol to ambradiol, a key intermediate in the perfume industry. Metabolite profiling revealed the biochemical steps involved in this conversion process, showing a decrease in sclareol concentration and an increase in ambradiol concentration over time. Although unidentified peaks were observed in gas chromatography profiles, no new intermediates were discovered in the sclareol to ambradiol conversion pathway.
BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Herbert Musarurwa, Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa
Summary: Polysaccharide/MOF composite membranes have gained attention for their high chemical and thermal stabilities in decontaminating polluted environments. Chitosan/MOF composite membranes are extensively used in separation science. Mixed matrix membranes of MOFs with cellulose and cyclodextrin have also shown effectiveness in separating various materials, but face challenges.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Humbelani H. Nekhavhambe, Rabelani Mudzielwana, Mugera W. Gitari, Wasiu B. Ayinde, Oisaemi U. Izevbekhai
Summary: This study found that macadamia nut shells have a good efficiency in the bio-sorption of fluoride and show potential for antimicrobial activity. The adsorption of fluoride by MNS was found to be a spontaneous and endothermic process.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Antonela Matana, Ivana Franic, Endica Radic Hozo, Ante Burger, Petra Boljat
Summary: The aim of this study was to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in children and youth in the Mediterranean region of Croatia and examine the differences in adherence among different educational stages. The results showed low adherence to the MD in the study population, particularly among college students. Children who consumed more snacks on days-off, had lower physical activity, and did not have breakfast with family were more likely to have poor adherence to the MD.
Article
Plant Sciences
Dylan R. Zeiss, Paul A. Steenkamp, Lizelle A. Piater, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: The study discovered that Ralstonia solanacearum-derived cold shock protein csp22 can elicit an immune response in tomato plants and investigated its effects on the plant's metabolome. The results show that csp22 pre-treatment can enhance tomato's resistance against R. solanacearum infection, contributing to the understanding of plant immune system operation at an integrative level.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Afsatou Ndama Traore, Mpumelelo Casper Rikhotso, Ntshuxeko Thelma Banda, Maphepele Sara Mashilo, Jean Pierre Kabue Ngandu, Vuyo Mavumengwana, Andre G. Loxton, Craig Kinnear, Natasha Potgieter, Scott Heysell, Rob Warren
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of adding bedaquiline to the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) infections in Africa. The results showed limited improvement in DR-TB treatment outcomes with the use of bedaquiline. The study highlights the need for better monitoring, reporting, and collaborative research in Africa to understand the usage and clinical impact of bedaquiline.
Article
Mathematics
Malik Zaka Ullah, Vali Torkashvand, Stanford Shateyi, Mir Asma
Summary: In this paper, we derive a family of iterative schemes with fourth order and maintain their optimality using a weight function. By introducing self-accelerating parameters and memory technique, we transform the methods into ones with the highest possible convergence rate of 8. Solving several nonlinear test equations demonstrates that the proposed variants have a computational efficiency index of two (maximum amount possible) in practice.
Article
Horticulture
Maanea L. Ramphinwa, Ntakadzeni E. Madala, Godwin R. A. Mchau, Anza T. Ramabulana, Fhatuwani N. Mudau
Summary: The study used UHPLC-QTOF-MS technology to identify hydroxyl-cinnamic acids affected by UV light exposure in bush tea. The results showed that these compounds undergo photo-isomerization, forming photo-isomers and forming a tight molecular family.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claude Y. Hamany Y. Djande, Paul A. A. Steenkamp, Lizelle A. A. Piater, Fidele Tugizimana, Ian A. A. Dubery
Summary: Designing innovative biological crop protection strategies using eco-friendly alternatives to conventional biocidal agrochemicals is important. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic reprogramming in barley plants after treatment with three proposed dichlorinated inducers of acquired resistance. The results showed changes in the levels of both primary and secondary metabolites, including the activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Furthermore, the study highlighted the role of dichlorinated small molecules as inducers of plant immunity. This report provides valuable insights for metabolomics-guided plant improvement programs.
Review
Plant Sciences
Chanel J. Pretorius, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: Avenanthramides are phytoalexins produced in oat plants in response to pathogen attack. These compounds have multifunctional properties as plant defense substances, antimicrobial agents, and antioxidants, and also exhibit medicinal and pharmaceutical uses important for human health.
Article
Plant Sciences
Nikita da Camara, Ian A. Dubery, Lizelle A. Piater
Summary: Proteins play a crucial role in regulating innate immune response in plants under biotic or abiotic stresses. Isonitrosoacetophenone (INAP), an unusual stress metabolite, can induce plant defense responses. Transcriptomic and metabolomic studies of INAP-treated plant systems have provided insight into its defense-inducing and priming capabilities. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to examine time-dependent responses to INAP in Nicotiana tabacum cell suspensions. Proteome analysis revealed changes in defense-related proteins, as well as proteins involved in biosynthesis, transport, DNA transcription, metabolism, energy, translation, signaling, and response regulation. These findings highlight the importance of proteomic changes in priming induced by INAP treatment.
Article
Plant Sciences
Babra Moyo, Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa, Ian Dubery, Ntakadzeni Edwin Madala
Summary: In this study, the chemical interactions between V. combreticola and two of its host plants were investigated using UHPLC-q-TOF-MS profiling and molecular networking. The phytochemistry of V. combreticola was found to be independent and distinct from that of the host plants, and a unique chemistry of phenolic acid esterification to quinic acid was observed.
JOURNAL OF PLANT INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claude Y. Hamany Djande, Fidele Tugizimana, Paul A. Steenkamp, Lizelle A. Piater, Ian A. Dubery
Summary: （English Summary:）
This study investigates the biochemical processes involved in the response of barley plants pre-treated with 3,5-dichloroanthranilic acid (3,5-DCAA) to Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt). The results show that 3,5-DCAA delays the onset and reduces the severity of symptoms caused by Ptt. Metabolomic analyses reveal potential markers of the primed and naive plant responses to Ptt, including organic acids, amino acids, and hydroxycinnamic acids.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anza-Tshilidzi Ramabulana, Daniel Petras, Ntakadzeni E. Madala, Fidele Tugizimana
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between the quality of tandem spectral data and the topology of molecular networking (MN), and investigated the limitations associated with data-dependent acquisition (DDA) parameters. The results demonstrated that lower intensity thresholds and collision energies resulted in more comprehensive molecular networks. In contrast, higher intensity thresholds and collision energies led to fewer MS2 spectra acquisition, limiting the application of MN in metabolite annotation and chemical classification.
