Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
John A. Nairn
Summary: This study derives analytical predictions for notched cross-laminated timber plate delamination using fracture mechanics, considering CLT heterogeneity and residual stress effects. Results show that environmental changes promoting swelling or shrinkage have different impacts on plate integrity.
WOOD MATERIAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Ayesha Siddika, Md. Abdullah Al Mamun, Farhad Aslani, Yan Zhuge, Rayed Alyousef, Ailar Hajimohammadi
Summary: Composite construction elements are gaining extensive attention due to their high performance and reliability. Timber-concrete composite is one of the well-known engineered products of global interest. The cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a plate-like quasi-rigid composite that is usually composed of an uneven number of layers of solid timber board. The CLT-concrete composite has developed and showed approximately 3-5 times higher strength capacity than the conventional timber or concrete structures.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Philip Line, Scott Nyseth, Ned Waltz
Summary: The study conducted tests on diaphragm connection configurations to quantify their lateral load-deformation performance and their impact on the behavior of full-scale diaphragms. The tests showed that the connections met design requirements and indicated an opportunity for more efficient designs.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sumanta Das, Miroslav Gasparik, Anil Kumar Sethy, Tomas Kytka, Gourav Kamboj, Fatemeh Rezaei
Summary: This study evaluates the use of lower grade fast-growing poplar lumber in manufacturing Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) panels, both as a stand-alone material and as a core layer in mixed-species CLT panels. The results show that the 1C-PUR adhesive performs well in delamination tests for both single species and mixed-species CLT panels. However, the ME adhesive only meets the delamination test requirements in single species CLT panels. The shear strength of mixed species CLT is significantly higher than that of single species CLTs, and both 1C-PUR and ME bonded CLT samples of poplar and mixed species exhibit higher shear strength properties than spruce wood CLT.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jean-Christophe Mindeguia, Siyimane Mohaine, Luke Bisby, Fabienne Robert, Robert McNamee, Alastair Bartlett
Summary: The paper presents results from a collaborative project aimed at analyzing the behavior of combustible and non-combustible loaded structures under standard and 'natural' fires. The focus is on the thermo-mechanical behavior of cross-laminated timber (CLT) slabs, providing new experimental data and detailed analysis of their behavior during and after fire exposure.
FIRE AND MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Amanda Ceinoti de Almeida, Jorge Daniel de Melo Moura
Summary: Sustainability issues drive the civil construction industry to explore environmentally friendly technologies as alternatives to traditional construction. This study focuses on analyzing the performance of glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP)-doweled connections between cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels. The results show that flat-butt connections exhibit higher stiffness, while half-lap connections are stronger in terms of strength.
Article
Forestry
Kohei Komatsu, Makoto Nakatani, Toru Nakahara, Kenji Komatsu, Yasunobu Noda
Summary: This study fabricated finger-jointed CLT test specimens using different experimental parameters and subjected them to destructive tests to evaluate the mechanical performance. The majority of tested groups met the requirements for characteristic strength values, while all groups satisfied the proposed design stiffness values.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Felix Wiesner, Rory Hadden, Susan Deeny, Luke Bisby
Summary: This paper presents experimental findings on the thermo-mechanical response of cross-laminated timber (CLT) walls to fire. The results suggest that global instability is likely to be the dominant failure mode for CLT walls in fire. The use of a polyurethane adhesive and fewer plies in the walls lead to earlier structural failure, and the walls collapse during artificially induced cooling phases.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Kristin Brandt, Greg Latta, Dane Camenzind, Dan Dolan, Don Bender, Alex Wilson, Michael Wolcott
Summary: The use of cross-laminated lumber (CLT) in building construction is gaining interest in the US and Canada. A study has provided a method to quantify the CLT market and lumber supply situation, predicting continued growth in demand despite the potential market size being less than existing CLT production.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Andreas Saeter Boe, Kathinka Leikanger Friquin, Daniel Brandon, Anne Steen -Hansen, Ivar S. Ertesvag
Summary: This study focuses on the impact of exposed cross-laminated timber (CLT) on fire safety. The results show that exposed CLT can lead to rapid fire spread and higher heat release rates and temperatures. The findings of this study are crucial for further improving the fire resistance of CLT.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Marina Totsuka, Kenji Aoki, Masahiro Inayama
Summary: This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the behavior of concentrated compressive load on the narrow face of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels, taking into account various factors and using exponential function curve equations to predict yield stress and Young's modulus. The methodology was verified experimentally and showed similar results to previous studies, considering the effects of out-of-plane deformations in the outermost laminae.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Daniel P. Hindman, Benjamin Richardson, Achmaa Vaanjilnorov
Summary: This paper presents an alternative method for evaluating the dowel bearing strength of CLT according to US design code. The proposed method is compared with European and Canadian codes and demonstrates similar results, slightly conservative compared to experimental values.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Le Van Tu, Abdallah Ghazlan, Nguyen Tuan, Ngo Tuan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of bioinspired conch-like structure on the performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) under blast loading, and finds that the conch-like structure can enhance the performance of CLT by reducing damage mechanisms.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wenchen Dong, Colin M. Rose, Julia A. Stegemann
Summary: The demolition of buildings generates a large amount of secondary timber, which can be utilized as a feedstock for cross-laminated timber (CLT) production, meeting the increasing demand for wood products in the future. Through experiments and predictions, it is demonstrated that secondary timber can be used effectively in the production of CLT/CLST.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Minh Van Thai, Philippe Galimard, Sidi Mohammed Elachachi, Sylvain Menard
Summary: This study presents a multi-objective optimization of CCC floors with notched connectors using a genetic algorithm. The optimization aims to minimize total thickness, total weight, and total material cost while considering structural, vibration comfort, and fire conditions constraints. The study provides insights into the optimal solutions for multiple floor spans and cost ratio timber/concrete.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Samuel L. Zelinka, Grant T. Kirker, Amy B. Bishell, Samuel V. Glass
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Steven Kordziel, Samuel V. Glass, Charles R. Boardman, Robert A. Munson, Samuel L. Zelinka, Shiling Pei, Paulo Cesar Tabares-Velasco
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Review
Forestry
Samuel L. Zelinka, Samuel V. Glass, Emil Engelund Thybring
WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph E. Jakes, Samuel L. Zelinka, Christopher G. Hunt, Peter Ciesielski, Charles R. Frihart, Daniel Yelle, Leandro Passarini, Sophie-Charlotte Gleber, David Vine, Stefan Vogt
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Article
Forestry
Samuel L. Zelinka, Carl J. Houtman, Kolby Hirth, Steven Lacher, Linda Lorenz, Emil Engelund Thybring, Christopher G. Hunt
Article
Forestry
Laura E. Hasburgh, Samuel L. Zelinka, Amy B. Bishell, Grant T. Kirker
Summary: This research examined the effect of shou sugi ban on wood flammability and decay resistance, testing several commercially available variants. The results showed that the shou sugi ban process did not significantly improve the siding's flammability or durability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel L. Zelinka, Grant T. Kirker, George E. Sterbinsky, Keith J. Bourne
Summary: This study used XANES to investigate the changes in copper oxidation states in wood treated with different wood preservatives and found that in nearly all cases the copper oxidation state was Cu++. The results confirmed previous beliefs about copper oxidation states in wood and provided further insights into the corrosion mechanism of metals embedded in treated wood.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Shiling Pei, Jake Stogdill, Samuel Glass, Samuel Zelinka, Steven Kordziel, Paulo Cesar Tabares-Velasco
Summary: The study reveals that mass timber buildings can naturally recover and reach stable moisture levels between 10% and 15% when properly enclosed and preventing further moisture intrusion. This stable moisture content range is acceptable for building functionality and performance.
JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Elizabeth Poblete, Tahar Messadi, Cameron Murray, Samuel Zelinka
Summary: Understanding the behavior of moisture in cross-laminated timber (CLT) is crucial for its widespread use in construction in the United States. This research collected data on the long-term moisture variation in CLT panels at the University of Arkansas student residential building, revealing challenges faced during construction and highlighting the need for waterproofing measures.
JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Forestry
Samuel L. Zelinka, Michael Altgen, Lukas Emmerich, Nathanael Guigo, Tobias Keplinger, Maija Kymalainen, Emil E. Thybring, Lisbeth G. Thygesen
Summary: Wood modifications have gained popularity as a means to improve wood performance, durability, and functionality. This review summarizes recent advances and future perspectives on various wood modification methods, both commercialized and at laboratory scale.
Review
Forestry
Emil Engelund Thybring, Maria Fredriksson, Samuel L. Zelinka, Samuel V. Glass
Summary: This review summarizes the fundamentals of water in wood, highlighting the importance of current knowledge and identifying knowledge gaps. It covers topics such as the location of water in wood, phase changes and equilibrium states of water, and thermodynamics of sorption.
Article
Forestry
Laura E. Hasburgh, Samuel L. Zelinka
Summary: Acetylation is a commercial wood modification method used to enhance wood durability. This study compared acetylated and untreated wood using a cone calorimeter and FTIR to examine acetic acid vapors in the combustion gases. Peak heat release and time to ignition showed no differences between acetylated and untreated boards. However, there were differences in the chemical composition of the combustion products, with acetylated samples showing increased acetic acid content corresponding to peak heat release.
Article
Forestry
Maria Fredriksson, Emil Engelund Thybring, Samuel L. Zelinka
Summary: This study compared the effects of two different moisture conditioning methods on the electrical conductance of wood, finding that the data better fit a percolation model when the wood was conditioned to constant relative humidity levels.
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Samuel V. Glass, Samuel L. Zelinka, Emil Engelund Thybring
Summary: Exponential decay analysis is employed in this study to analyze sorption kinetics of various cellulose materials, providing a flexible and data-driven approach that yields robust results in relation to measurement uncertainties. This method can reliably describe the dominant time scales of sorption kinetics and offer a new way to evaluate the suitability of theoretical models for describing sorption kinetics.