Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoshuang Shen, Dengkang Guo, Pan Jiang, Sheng Yang, Gaiyun Li, Fuxiang Chu
Summary: Furfurylation has a significant influence on wood hygroscopicity, but its specific mechanism is not fully understood. The study showed that furfurylated samples had slightly different equilibrium moisture content at different relative humidity levels, and fiber saturation point increased with higher weight gain percentages while the accessible hydroxyl groups decreased.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Antoni Sanchez-Ferrer, Max Engelhardt, Klaus Richter
Summary: Gravimetric vapor sorption experiments were conducted on beech wood samples to determine the directional permeability, diffusion, and sorption coefficients in different wood directions. The diffusion coefficient was evaluated from dynamic vapor sorption experiments using a double stretched exponential model, ranging from 0.10 x 10(-10) to 1.52 x 10(-10) m(2)/s depending on wood direction and relative humidity. Moisture sorption isotherms were constructed and fitted to models to calculate the sorption coefficient, which ranged from 2.4 to 3.0 mol/(m(3) Pa). The permeability coefficient was calculated from dynamic vapor transport experiments and varied from 0.56 x 10(-10) to 4.38 x 10(-10) mol/(m s Pa) based on flow direction and RH conditions. This experimental approach is suitable for studying wood-moisture interactions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Emil E. Thybring, Charles R. Boardman, Samuel L. Zelinka, Samuel Glass
Summary: Sorption isotherm models are commonly used to understand water interactions with cellulosic materials, but they do not accurately predict physical properties in wood.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jianhua Li, Bobo Li, Zheng Gao
Summary: This paper utilized fractal dimension analysis to describe pore structure and proposed a shale water vapor multi-layer adsorption model considering pore structure control. The study found that temperature had an inhibitory effect on shale adsorption characteristics.
NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Michael Altgen, Michael Froeba, Julius Gurr, Andreas Krause, Martin Ohlmeyer, Uta Sazama, Wim Willems, Martin Nopens
Summary: Water removal from cellulosic samples is challenging due to strong interaction with water. Different drying conditions were applied to wood and cellulose, and residual moisture contents were measured. Vacuum-drying at 103°C for at least 360 min decreased moisture content to ≤ 0.04%. However, drying under dry air or nitrogen flow at atmospheric pressure left some samples with >1% moisture content. The residual moisture content obtained under dry gas flow was temperature dependent, and cooling resulted in moisture re-uptake.
Article
Forestry
Liuyang Han, Xiangna Han, Guoqing Liang, Xingling Tian, Fang Ma, Suqin Sun, Yafang Yin, Guanglan Xi, Hong Guo
Summary: Waterlogged archaeological wood may degrade due to long-term immersion in microbial activity environments. A study on waterlogged fir wood from the Shengbeiyu shipwreck using SDVS and 2D COS-IR spectroscopy revealed inhomogeneous degradation and higher sorption hysteresis in decay regions compared to sound regions. This study demonstrates the efficacy of SDVS and 2D COS-IR spectroscopy in evaluating the degradation state of waterlogged wood and the existence of differences in hygroscopicity and chemistry among visually similar samples from the same shipwreck.
Article
Forestry
Suyun Hou, Jinyue Wang, Fangyu Yin, Chusheng Qi, Jun Mu
Summary: This study investigates the influence of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin on the adsorption isotherm and hysteresis of wood. It is found that lignin exhibits the highest hysteresis and the interaction between wood chemical components plays a significant role in wood hysteresis.
WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Etienne Vignon, Lea Raillard, Christophe Genthon, Massimo Del Guasta, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Jean-Baptiste Madeleine, Alexis Berne
Summary: This study examines the formation and development of shallow fog clouds at temperatures lower than 235 K in the Antarctic Plateau. The observations suggest that the nucleation process at play is the homogeneous freezing of solution aerosol droplets. The development of fog is tightly coupled with the dynamics of the boundary layer.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Awais, Michael Altgen, Tiina Belt, Venla Teraevaeinen, Mikko Maekelae, Daniela Altgen, Martin Nopens, Lauri Rautkari
Summary: The moisture uptake of wood is influenced by accessible hydroxyl groups and cell wall space. Wood treated with acetic anhydride or formaldehyde showed different effects on moisture uptake. The correlation between accessible hydroxyl concentration and weight percentage gain and water uptake is poor in formaldehyde-modified wood. Additionally, the reduction in swelling in formaldehyde-treated wood is affected by an unidentified mechanism.
Article
Spectroscopy
Jun-Li Xu, Aoife A. Gowen
Summary: This study investigates the molecular interactions between water vapor and polymers using time series Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It concludes that polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) sorbed a large quantity of water vapor molecules, resulting in swelling and dissolving of polymer crystallites. Difference spectra analysis indicates a strengthened hydrogen-bonding network in the PTFE matrix upon water vapor sorption.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Carlos D. Diaz-Marin, Lenan Zhang, Zhengmao Lu, Mohammed Alshrah, Jeffrey C. Grossman, Evelyn N. Wang
Summary: A generic framework of sorption kinetics for hygroscopic hydrogels has been developed, with liquid transport due to chemical potential gradient playing a key role in fast kinetics. The high water uptake is attributed to the hydrogel's expansion during liquid transport. Key design parameters governing the kinetics include initial porosity, hydrogel thickness, and shear modulus.
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Christian Pichler, Stefan Oberparleiter, Roman Lackner
Summary: In this paper, dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) experiments were conducted on thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) samples. The experiments revealed that the sorption isotherm of TPU has almost no temperature dependency. The diffusion coefficients obtained from the experiments show dependency on temperature and relative humidity range.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jiayi Wang, Marcus H. N. Yio, Tingtao Zhou, Hong S. Wong, Colin T. Davie, Enrico Masoero
Summary: The constitutive models of concrete often assume that water desorption is near-equilibrium and affected by moderate temperature through microstructural changes. However, literature data and experiments on cement paste suggest that adsorption, not desorption, is near-equilibrium and temperature has limited effect. Desorption is out-of-equilibrium due to ink-bottle effect and interlayer water. A conceptual model of temperature-dependent hysteresis is proposed to explain the results.
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Katarzyna Kurkowiak, Lukas Emmerich, Holger Militz
Summary: The study investigated the effect of SorCA treatment on the sorption properties of wood and found that while it increased the dimensions of the wood, it did not decrease swelling compared to untreated specimens. This was attributed to the excessive expansion of the cell wall matrix caused by degradation of cell wall constituents by the impregnation solution. However, a reduction in moisture content compared to untreated wood was observed, suggesting that the SorCA structure is altered and affects the sorption behavior of the wood through covalent bonding and potentially cross linking with wood polymer constituents.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kang Hoon Lee, Imtiaz Afzal Khan, Yong-Soo Lee, Jong Oh Kim
Summary: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of thermal and chemical aging processes on different types of plastic pipes. The diffusion properties, structural changes, and decomposition characteristics of the materials were analyzed under different aging conditions. The results showed that the materials exhibited Fickian characteristics and had different water sorption rates. The aging process led to decreased activation energies, increased carbonyl group concentrations, and changes in material morphology. LDPE and Hi-PVC were more severely affected in the thermal aging process.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ramunas Digaitis, Emil Engelund Thybring, Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
Summary: This study investigates the role of mechanical agitation during enzymatic saccharification in promoting fiber attrition. The research reveals various factors affecting fiber attrition, such as reactor design, operational parameters, and the use of different mixing schedules. Findings emphasize the importance of reactor design, operation, and hydrolysis conditions in achieving fast liquefaction without compromising saccharification yields.
BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samuel L. Zelinka, Grant T. Kirker, George E. Sterbinsky, Keith J. Bourne
Summary: This study used XANES to investigate the changes in copper oxidation states in wood treated with different wood preservatives and found that in nearly all cases the copper oxidation state was Cu++. The results confirmed previous beliefs about copper oxidation states in wood and provided further insights into the corrosion mechanism of metals embedded in treated wood.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Robert Lepage, Samuel Glass, Paul de la Bastide, Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya
Summary: This paper presents a research initiative that shifts the focus from predicting mould growth levels to probabilistic predictions, and introduces a serviceability limit state mould growth model for wood. The model's outputs were verified through an experimental roof study.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Elizabeth Poblete, Tahar Messadi, Cameron Murray, Samuel Zelinka
Summary: Understanding the behavior of moisture in cross-laminated timber (CLT) is crucial for its widespread use in construction in the United States. This research collected data on the long-term moisture variation in CLT panels at the University of Arkansas student residential building, revealing challenges faced during construction and highlighting the need for waterproofing measures.
JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Forestry
Samuel L. Zelinka, Michael Altgen, Lukas Emmerich, Nathanael Guigo, Tobias Keplinger, Maija Kymalainen, Emil E. Thybring, Lisbeth G. Thygesen
Summary: Wood modifications have gained popularity as a means to improve wood performance, durability, and functionality. This review summarizes recent advances and future perspectives on various wood modification methods, both commercialized and at laboratory scale.
Article
Plant Sciences
Liselotte De Ligne, Joris Van Acker, Jan M. Baetens, Salah Omar, Bernard De Baets, Lisbeth G. Thygesen, Jan Van den Bulcke, Emil E. Thybring
Summary: Moisture performance is crucial for the resistance of wood-based building materials against fungal decay. This study examines the impact of additives, manufacturing process, and material structure on water absorption and desorption behavior using three techniques. Results show that hydrophobic properties achieved through thermal treatment or additives significantly affect water absorption and desorption rates. Additionally, pore distributions and manufacturing process play a crucial role in the amount and rate of absorption and desorption. Understanding the influence of different material characteristics can help tailor moisture performance and increase the service life of wood-based materials.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Andrea Ponzecchi, Emil E. Thybring, Ramunas Digaitis, Maria Fredriksson, Sara Piqueras Solsona, Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen
Summary: Water molecules interact with wood structure and affect wood performance. Understanding wood-water interactions is crucial for improving wood durability. Raman spectroscopy was used to map molecular groups in wood cell walls under controlled moisture conditions. The results showed that acetylated wood has lower moisture uptake and moisture mainly localizes in regions with lower acetylation degree.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Maria Fredriksson, Markus Rueggeberg, Thomas Nord-Larsen, Greeley Beck, Emil Engelund Thybring
Summary: The moisture content of wood cell walls is determined by both environmental conditions and material characteristics of the wood. This study used data exploration to identify the important wood characteristics determining the cell wall moisture content. Chemical composition was found to be the most important predictor of the cell wall moisture content, while in the low moisture range, cellulose crystallinity and hydroxyl accessibility were important predictors, and at high moisture contents, microfibril orientation in the cell walls was important. Overall, no single wood characteristic had a major effect on the cell wall moisture content.
Review
Forestry
Emil Engelund Thybring, Maria Fredriksson, Samuel L. Zelinka, Samuel V. Glass
Summary: This review summarizes the fundamentals of water in wood, highlighting the importance of current knowledge and identifying knowledge gaps. It covers topics such as the location of water in wood, phase changes and equilibrium states of water, and thermodynamics of sorption.
Article
Forestry
Laura E. Hasburgh, Samuel L. Zelinka
Summary: Acetylation is a commercial wood modification method used to enhance wood durability. This study compared acetylated and untreated wood using a cone calorimeter and FTIR to examine acetic acid vapors in the combustion gases. Peak heat release and time to ignition showed no differences between acetylated and untreated boards. However, there were differences in the chemical composition of the combustion products, with acetylated samples showing increased acetic acid content corresponding to peak heat release.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Charles R. Boardman, Samuel V. Glass, Robert Lepage
Summary: A new mold growth model was developed for moisture risk assessment of wood-based building assemblies. The model combines existing features in a new way to improve predictive power and is based on a dose-response relationship. It accurately captures the stochastic nature of mold growth and shows better predictive capability compared to previous models. This model, known as DR SIM, provides a useful tool for detailed moisture risk assessment in construction using hygrothermal simulation or field data inputs.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Samuel V. Glass, Samuel L. Zelinka, Emil Engelund Thybring
Summary: Exponential decay analysis is employed in this study to analyze sorption kinetics of various cellulose materials, providing a flexible and data-driven approach that yields robust results in relation to measurement uncertainties. This method can reliably describe the dominant time scales of sorption kinetics and offer a new way to evaluate the suitability of theoretical models for describing sorption kinetics.
