Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION
Volume 72, Issue 6, Pages 861-869Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1880552
Keywords
NOVA; ultra-processed food; dietary questionnaire; food-frequency questionnaire; validity; reliability
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The study tested the reliability and validity of a 94-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (NFFQ) in estimating the intake and weight ratio of NOVA food groups in Italian adults. Results showed good test-retest reliability and moderate to good validity, indicating the potential usefulness of the NFFQ for future research in this field.
NOVA is a classification that divides foods into four groups according to processing. Since no questionnaires have been validated to assess the consumption of foods with different levels of processing in the general adult population, we tested the reliability and validity of a 94-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (NFFQ) designed to estimate the intake (g/day) and the weight ratio (%) of the NOVA food groups in Italian adults. Time reliability and validity were tested by administrating the NFFQ to 110 subjects on two different occasions and comparing it with a weighed dietary record (WDR). Strong correlations between NFFQs (r > 0.7, p < 0.001) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.851-0.940 indicated good test-retest reliability. Moderate correlations between the NFFQ and the WDR (0.6< 0.7), ICC of 0.536-0.741, and consistent agreement for intake percentages as revealed by Bland-Altman plots indicated moderate to good validity. The NFFQ could be useful for future investigations in this research field.
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