Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Haochen Shi, Huiqing Wen, Guipeng Chen, Qinglei Bu, Guanying Chu, Yinxiao Zhu
Summary: The dc power transmission system has attracted more research interests in recent years. A fault-tolerant dual active bridge converter is proposed to maintain uninterrupted operation after multiple unexpected faults, significantly enhancing system reliability. The proposed strategy requires four extra voltage sensors, improving reliability at a low additional cost. The prototype design verifies the advantages of the proposed converter.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yuzhuo Li, Hao Tian, Yunwei Ryan Li
Summary: This article investigates the open-circuit fault-tolerant (OCFT) operations of active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) converters with multiple fault switches, and proposes a systematic PWM design process. Different matrices are proposed for ANPC converters to capture the complicated topology information and achieve an exhaustive analysis of the topological redundancy. The proposed approach guarantees the fault-tolerant capability of the ANPC converter and easily handles multiswitch open-circuit faults by implementing suitable carrier-based PWM schemes.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sara Sattarzadeh, Shanthan K. Padisala, Ying Shi, Partha Pratim Mishra, Kandler Smith, Satadru Dey
Summary: The key technology barriers to the growth of EVs are long charging time, shorter battery life, and battery safety issues. To overcome these barriers, a closed-loop feedback-based approach is proposed, which adapts the fast charging protocol to battery health in real-time and has active diagnostic capabilities. Simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Hussein Hamadi, Benjamin Lussier, Isabelle Fantoni, Clovis Francis
Summary: This article presents the design and implementation of a fault tolerant architecture for sensor fusion on a quadrotor UAV. The architecture tolerates hardware and software faults by using Kalman filters for data fusion, and incorporates analytical redundancy and a weighted average voter to improve output accuracy and error detection.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Tat-Thang Le, Minh-Khai Nguyen, Truong-Duy Duong, Caisheng Wang, Sewan Choi
Summary: A new fault-tolerant method for current-fed dual active bridge (CF-DAB) converters with blocking capacitors is proposed in this article to improve the reliability of multiphase bidirectional dc-dc converters. The proposed method is shown to be a practical, simple, low loss, and effective solution.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zeliang Zhang, Yihua Hu, Guangzhao Luo, Chao Gong, Xin Liu, Shouluo Chen
Summary: In this article, an embedded fault-tolerant control method is proposed to improve the postfault drivability of PMSM drive under open-switch faults. The method includes mathematical analysis of postfault voltage vectors, current prediction model, and a transition-enabling mechanism to ensure accurate transition of postfault current control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulations and experiments.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Michael Schmid, Emanuel Gebauer, Christian Endisch
Summary: This article discusses the differences and advantages between conventional automotive battery systems and reconfigurable battery systems, focusing on fault isolation methods and algorithms in RBS. By experiment and structural analysis, a sensor set with optimal fault isolation properties was found, and a novel algorithm for efficiently calculating minimal structurally overdetermined subsystems for fault diagnosis was proposed.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhong-Hua Pang, Cheng-Gang Xia, Wei-Feng Zhai, Guo-Ping Liu, Qing-Long Han
Summary: This brief presents an active fault-tolerant predictive control method for output tracking of networked control systems subject to random communication constraints and actuator/sensor faults. The method estimates the system state and faults using an observer and compensates for faults and communication constraints in the backward and forward channels. A closed-loop stability condition is derived, ensuring zero steady-state tracking error, and the separation principle for designing the observer-based controller is maintained. Simulation results on a mass-spring-damper system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Abdalla Hussein Mohamed, Hendrik Vansompel, Peter Sergeant
Summary: This article discusses the conventional and modular driving methods of switched reluctance motors and their differences in drive performance and fault tolerance. A converter topology that can be reconfigured to operate in both traditional and modular driving ways is proposed, along with a fault-tolerance strategy. The performance of the converter is evaluated through simulations and experimental measurements.
IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shuai Xu, Zhenyao Sun, Chunxing Yao, Kang Liu, Guangtong Ma
Summary: The T-type active neutral-point-clamped (T-ANPC) converter is a promising hybrid multilevel topology with low conduction losses and flexibility in control, but reliability is crucial due to the large number of power switches. This study develops a carrier-based fault-tolerant control strategy for the T-ANPC converter in the case of typical open-switch faults, demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness through experimental evaluation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Weiye Yang, Jianjun Ma, Miao Zhu, Cungang Hu
Summary: In this article, a diagnosis and tolerant method for open-circuit fault (OCF) in triple active-bridge (TAB) DC-DC converter is proposed. The method involves analyzing the fault mode, proposing a fault diagnosis method, constructing a symmetrical topology, and suggesting fault-tolerant operation strategies. The power transmission capability and reliability of the TAB converter under OCF are improved.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chaochao Song, Ariya Sangwongwanich, Yongheng Yang, Frede Blaabjerg
Summary: This article proposes a method to identify the faulty switch based on the dynamic characteristics when the open-circuit fault (OCF) occurs in a two-to-three (2/3)-level dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter. A fault-tolerant control scheme based on a complementary-switch-blocking method is also proposed to alleviate the negative effects of OCF. Experimental tests are carried out to verify the theoretical analysis.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Muhammad Noman Hasan, Muhammad Haris, Shiyin Qin
Summary: This paper proposes an active fault-tolerant control scheme for the attitude control of a flexible spacecraft. The scheme effectively addresses multiple actuator faults, uncertainties, disturbances, and fault estimation errors to achieve reliable attitude tracking control and vibration suppression.
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Automation & Control Systems
Nourallah Ghaeminezhad, Zhisheng Wang, Quan Ouyang
Summary: This paper conducts a review of the most up-to-date fault-tolerant control methods applied to lithium-ion battery systems, including active, passive, and integrated methods. It first presents a detailed description of fault types in lithium-ion batteries and proposes a classification of fault detection and diagnostic methods. Finally, the paper comprehensively discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the reviewed algorithms.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Guohua Li, Liangjun Wang, Feng Li
Summary: A hysteresis space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) reconfigurable fault-tolerant method for single-phase voltage source multi-level inverter with current tracking is proposed. The method analyzes the influence of single switch open circuit fault and double switches open circuit fault, and obtains the equivalent replacement of the voltage vector based on the topology reconstruction. It can accurately track the reference current.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Schmid, Jan Kleiner, Christian Endisch
Summary: This study develops a novel data-driven approach to detect internal short circuits (ISCs) in batteries by analyzing the cell voltage differences. By combining multiple kernel functions, fast detection and robust behavior are achieved for various types of ISCs.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Julia Stoettner, Christian Hanzl, Christian Endisch
Summary: This paper investigates the optimization of conventional power electronics in electric vehicles using multilevel inverters (MLIs). The focus is on cascaded MLIs and the crucial design parameter of individual MLI modules. The study compares symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded MLIs and concludes that symmetrical MLIs generally have higher redundancy of voltage levels, while asymmetrical MLIs can achieve an increase in the number of different levels. By using a special design rule, asymmetrical MLIs can achieve the same output voltage resolution as symmetrical MLIs while keeping the number of modules low. However, the asymmetrical nature of the modules may negatively impact the power balance of the inverter. The paper also discusses the total harmonic distortion and finds that configurations with a high number of voltage levels and symmetrical output voltage patterns achieve the lowest distortion.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Christoph Terbrack, Julia Stoettner, Christian Endisch
Summary: This article proposes a promising power electronics design in the field of battery electric vehicles. The design is a symmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter with a minimal number of semiconductor switches compared to its range of functions. It is capable of reconfiguring the interconnection of battery cells to minimize the internal resistance of the system. Through a detailed review and comparison with related topologies, the design's advantages in terms of functionality and performance are demonstrated.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jan Kleiner, Florian Lambauer, Randeep Singh, Lidiya Komsiyska, Michael Hinterberger, Christian Endisch
Summary: This study introduces a new hybrid cooling method using liquid bottom cooling and cell integrated heat pipes, challenging conventional thermal management approaches. The research utilizes a thermal cell emulator for experimental investigation and validates its similarity to real cells. The results show that integrated heat pipes can reduce core temperature and maintain consistent temperature during fast charging.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Julia Stoettner, Christian Hanzl, Christian Endisch
Summary: Recently, the focus of research in the field of multilevel inverters (MLIs) has been on achieving the highest functionality with the lowest number of switches in order to improve efficiency and minimize losses. However, these MLI topologies can have side effects, such as parasitic commutation paths, during the switching process. This publication experimentally investigates a MOSFET-based MLI topology and identifies four different parasitic commutation paths that result in a significant parasitic drain current.
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Xenia Strasser, Guy Williams Ngaleu, Christian Hanzl, Mohamed Azzam, Christian Endisch, Meinert Lewerenz
Summary: This paper investigates the influence of switching during the charge and discharge process on a highly energy-optimized LG 18650 cell, and finds a positive effect of switching during charge. Additionally, it is found that the aging of the cell during switching is determined by the average current applied rather than the maximum current.
Article
Electrochemistry
Pablo Morales Torricos, Christian Endisch, Meinert Lewerenz
Summary: Accelerated cyclic aging tests play a crucial role in quickly characterizing lithium-ion cells, but they can lead to apparent capacity fade due to stress factors and the absence of rest periods. This fade can be recovered during a resting phase and is caused by inhomogeneous lithium distribution in the anode. The study evaluated cylindrical 18,650 cells with Li(NixCoyAlz)O-2-graphite/silicon chemistry and found that cells cycled under high-pressure gradients experienced a greater capacity loss of up to 12% after 200 FCE, while those cycled under low-pressure gradients only had a 1% loss. The recovery of capacity loss was up to 80% in some cases.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Christoph Terbrack, Sascha Speer, Christian Endisch
Summary: Cascaded multilevel inverters are an exciting option for battery electric powertrains due to their high efficiency and advanced battery management capability. The Parallel Enhanced Commutation Integrated Nested Multilevel Inverter is a promising and highly efficient choice. With its capability to reconfigure individual battery cells and generate phase voltages, the inverter provides emerging degrees of freedom in battery management and inverter operation. This publication presents a Switching Function that simplifies research on higher-level control algorithms and battery management capabilities, ensuring safe operation and enabling faster research on this new topology.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lorenz Lechermann, Jan Kleiner, Lidiya Komsiyska, Michael Hinterberger, Christian Endisch
Summary: Reconfigurable battery systems can change cell topology and enable novel applications. However, monitoring individual cell states becomes more complicated due to increased temperature and SOC variances. This study compares different modeling approaches, including reduced-order lumped models and artificial neural network models, to represent reconfigurable battery systems in an automotive application. While separate observation of individual cells is no longer sufficient, simple models and adequate coupling approaches can provide good results. The data-driven surrogate approaches achieve low errors (0.1 K) with reduced computational effort compared to physics-based models.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Industrial
Martin Nachtsheim, Luetfue Korkmaz, Martin Schmoelz, Christian Endisch
Summary: This paper addresses the challenging task of online identification of parameter changes in an induction machine in a highly dynamic automotive operation environment. It proposes a solution based on local observability analysis along with a harmonized automotive test procedure. The theoretical conditioning of the identification problem is determined using an observability index. The analysis is performed using an identification model based on the induction machine Gamma-inverse equivalent circuit and the results are compared to a more complex identification model based on the induction machine T equivalent circuit.
2022 IEEE 31ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS (ISIE)
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Michael Theiler, Dominik Schneider, Christian Endisch
Summary: In order to ensure the reliable and safe operation of battery systems in various applications, it is necessary to observe the system's internal states accurately. The Kalman filter is commonly used to estimate the states and model parameters of a lithium-ion cell. This study introduces a traceable procedure based on the genetic algorithm to determine the process noise offline, considering estimation error and filter consistency.
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Aerospace
Markus Kohler, David Fendt, Christian Endisch
Summary: This paper aims to model the geometric wire bending behavior using a data-driven empirical approach. By generating spline models and conducting quantitative investigations, the proposed method's accuracy and suitability have been validated.
2022 IEEE/AIAA TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION CONFERENCE AND ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT TECHNOLOGIES SYMPOSIUM (ITEC+EATS 2022)
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Guy Ngaleu, Michael Theiler, Xenia Strasser, Christian Hanzl, Lidiya Komsiyska, Christian Endisch, Meinert Lewerenz
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of switching on battery aging through testing lithium-ion batteries. The results show that under certain conditions, switching does not cause significant aging of the batteries.