Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariana G. Sartorio, Evan J. Pardue, Nichollas E. Scott, Mario F. Feldman
Summary: Extracellular vesicles are produced in all three domains of life, and their biogenesis has common ancient origins in eukaryotes and archaea. Bacterial vesicles were discovered several decades ago, but there is skepticism about their biological relevance due to the lack of established biogenesis mechanisms. However, a study on Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) showed that OMV production in bacteria is a highly regulated process, with OMVs playing key physiological roles through adaptation of their cargo for utilization of different polysaccharides.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jayaraju Dheekollu, Andreas Wiedmer, Kasirajan Ayyanathan, Julianna S. Deakyne, Troy E. Messick, Paul M. Lieberman
Summary: This study reveals that EBNA1 forms cell cycle-dependent DNA crosslinks with the EBV origin of plasmid replication and the tyrosine 518 residue is essential for this process. These crosslinks and single-strand cleavage are critical for replication termination and viral episome maintenance.
Review
Immunology
Dharmendra Kashyap, Mrutyunjaya Panda, Budhadev Baral, Nidhi Varshney, R. Sajitha, Vasundhra Bhandari, Hamendra Singh Parmar, Amit Prasad, Hem Chandra Jha
Summary: This article provides a detailed overview of the potential usage of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) as adjuvants in vaccine development. OMV-based vaccines offer numerous advantages and ongoing trials are underway for developing OMV adjuvant-based vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. It emphasizes the importance of engineering OMVs to enhance safety.
Article
Cell Biology
Tara Hicks, Shalini Trivedi, Mikayla Eppert, Richard Bowman, Hui Tian, Amna Dafalla, Caroline Crahan, Sarit Smolikove, Nicola Silva
Summary: Faithful chromosome segregation into gametes relies on Spo11-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, the authors investigate the temporal dynamics of Spo11 activity in Caenorhabditis elegans and find that DSB induction occurs from early meiotic prophase I to mid-late pachynema. Late DSBs are essential for crossover formation and are preferentially processed by EXO-1 and DNA-2.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Mitchell L. Leibowitz, Stamatis Papathanasiou, Phillip A. Doerfler, Logan J. Blaine, Lili Sun, Yu Yao, Cheng-Zhong Zhang, Mitchell J. Weiss, David Pellman
Summary: CRISPR-Cas9 editing can result in nuclear structural defects, formation of micronuclei and chromosome bridges, leading to a mutational process known as chromothripsis. Chromothripsis, extensive chromosome rearrangement restricted to one or a few chromosomes, can cause human congenital disease and cancer. The potential for extensive chromosomal rearrangements should be considered and monitored as genome editing is implemented in the clinic.
Review
Immunology
Francesca Micoli, Usman N. Nakakana, Francesco Berlanda Scorza
Summary: Shigellosis is a major public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries, causing diarrhoeal disease primarily in young children. The increasing cases of Shigella with antimicrobial resistance are concerning. Currently, there are no widely available licensed vaccines against Shigella, but several candidates are being developed. This article presents the development of a potential low-cost four-component Shigella vaccine that uses GMMA technology to deliver the O-antigen to the immune system for broad protection.
Article
Biology
Marina Schrecker, Juan C. Castaneda, Sujan Devbhandari, Charanya Kumar, Dirk Remus, Richard K. Hite
Summary: The research discovered that PCNA can adopt both open and closed conformations in the RFC:PCNA:DNA complex, allowing for direct insertion of dsDNA. Additionally, the study revealed that the RFC-catalyzed loading of PCNA onto DNA involves multiple steps, with partial melting facilitating lateral insertion into the central RFC:PCNA channel.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kaitao Zhao, Fangteng Guo, Jingjing Wang, Youquan Zhong, Junzhu Yi, Yan Teng, Zaichao Xu, Li Zhao, Aixin Li, Zichen Wang, Xinwen Chen, Xiaoming Cheng, Yuchen Xia
Summary: We investigated the process of HBV infection in murine hepatic cells and found that HBV cannot infect murine hepatic cells expressing hNTCP effectively. Moreover, we discovered that the disassembly of cytoplasmic HBV nucleocapsids is restricted in murine hepatic cells. Overcoming this limitation may help to establish an HBV infection mouse model.
Article
Biology
Evgeniya N. Andreyeva, Alexander Emelyanov, Markus Nevil, Lu Sun, Elena Vershilova, Christina A. Hill, Michael-C Keogh, Robert J. Duronio, Arthur Skoultchi, Dmitry Fyodorov
Summary: Asynchronous replication of chromosome domains during S phase is essential for genome function, but the mechanisms establishing early versus late replication domains in different cell types remain incompletely understood. A study in Drosophila found that the complex SUMM4, composed of SUUR and Mod(Mdg4)-67.2, can delay the replication of intercalary heterochromatin by attenuating the progression of replication forks, thereby implicating a chromatin barrier in replication control.
Article
Microbiology
Deani L. Cooper, Taku Harada, Samia Tamazi, Alexander E. Ferrazzoli, Susan T. Lovett, James Keck
Summary: In Escherichia coli, DNA replication is catalyzed by the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, including the non-essential accessory protein HolC, which when mutated can lead to growth impairment, genetic instability, and sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. The study identified suppressor alleles of RNA polymerase and sspA that partially suppress the loss of HolC, while mutations in transcription factors DksA and NusA exacerbate the inviability of HolC mutants. The findings suggest that transcription complexes may block replication in HolC mutants, and Rho-dependent transcriptional termination and DksA function are crucial for sustaining viability and chromosome integrity in these mutants.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baraah Al Ahmad Nachar, Filippo Rosselli
Summary: DNA replication is a crucial process that requires the coordinated action of multiple proteins to permit, initiate, and progress replication forks. However, there are obstacles that can impede replication fork progression. Cells have developed various mechanisms to protect DNA replication and ensure its completion before entering mitosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Jack Wootton, Evi Soutoglou
Summary: The review discusses how chromatin and nuclear environment play key roles in the regulation of eukaryotic genome replication, covering aspects such as higher order organization of the genome, local chromatin environment, and spatial organization of stalled replication forks for resolving replication stress.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Pamela S. VanderVere-Carozza, Navnath S. Gavande, Shadia I. Jalal, Karen E. Pollok, Elmira Ekinci, Joshua Heyza, Steve M. Patrick, Andi Masters, John J. Turchi, Katherine S. Pawelczak
Summary: RPA plays important roles in lung cancer as a negative prognostic biomarker and as a predictive marker for chemotherapy response. Second-generation RPA inhibitors show increased cellular permeability and exhibit anticancer activity. Chemical RPA inhibition enhances the activity of various cancer therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clemence Claussin, Jacob Vazquez, Iestyn Whitehouse
Summary: This study developed a method called Replicon-seq, which can accurately define the movement of individual replisomes across the genome. Using this method, the study found that sister replisomes function autonomously and progress through chromatin with remarkable consistency. Replication forks pause briefly when encountering obstacles but quickly resume synthesis, and the helicase Rrm3 plays a critical role in mitigating the effect of protein barriers and facilitating efficient termination.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xueping Gu, Qinjin Dai, Peng Du, Ning Li, Jiahui Li, Simiao Zeng, Shuyi Peng, Shengjun Tang, Lei Wang, Zhongcheng Zhou
Summary: Pol delta plays a crucial role in DNA replication and damage repair. Pold4, the smallest subunit of Pol delta, is degraded in response to DNA damage or in S-phase. The exact contribution of Pold4 in mammals is still unclear, but it seems to be dispensable for normal cell processes. Pold4 knockout mice show no pathological changes and have increased longevity. This suggests that Pold4 could be a potential target for lung cancer therapy, as its absence does not affect normal cells but does impact cancer cells.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Juergen Tomasch, Victoria Ringel, Hui Wang, Heike M. Freese, Pascal Bartling, Henner Brinkmann, John Vollmers, Michael Jarek, Irene Wagner-Doebler, Joern Petersen
Summary: The study reveals that two large natural plasmids from Dinoroseobacter shibae can be transferred into all major Rhodobacterales lineages. The transferred plasmids are stably maintained as single copy number replicons in the new host and improve the yield and stability of dinoflagellate culture during co-cultivation.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kai Vahldiek, Bernd Rueger, Frank Klawonn
Summary: Pipe bursts and leakages in district heating networks are a problem both for economic operation and supply reliability. This study focuses on efficient and accurate leakage localization using pressure wave detection. A framework is extended to handle noise and calculate leakage attribution. Optimal sensor placement and the influence of noise on pressure drop time points are investigated. Results are presented and further improvements are discussed.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY GRIDS & NETWORKS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Klara Dorman, Miriam Gerckens, Stephan Kruger, Kimberly Krueger, Zsuzsanna Mayer, Alexander Rupp, Danmei Zhang, Lena Weiss, C. Benedikt Westphalen, Michael Haas, Michael Guenther, Steffen Ormanns, Frank Klawonn, Jens Werner, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, Volker Heinemann, Stefan Boeck, Stefan Holdenrieder
Summary: Novel biomarkers have been identified in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to predict the treatment outcome and guide therapeutic strategies. IL-10 and CYFRA 21-1 levels have been found to be associated with the survival of PDAC patients. IL-10 levels may have independent prognostic value in locally advanced PDAC, whereas CYFRA 21-1 levels are prognostic after PDAC surgery.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Kai Vahldiek, Bernd Rueger, Frank Klawonn
Summary: This paper investigates the issues related to large spontaneous leakages in district heating networks and develops a model for data evaluation. The model can determine the time and duration of the pressure drop caused by the pressure wave, and categorizes events based on optimized parameters and evaluation time frame.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gloria Heesen, Dominik Schroeder, Frank Mueller, Eva Hummers, Frank Klawonn, Marie Mikuteit, Jacqueline Niewolik, Sandra Steffens, Anne Cossmann, Georg Behrens, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Stephanie Heinemann
Summary: Social participation of immunocompromised persons increased after COVID-19 vaccination, which is related to the reduced risk of infection and severe disease after vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Sandra Klawitter, Georg Hoffmann, Stefan Holdenrieder, Tim Kacprowski, Frank Klawonn
Summary: This article presents a simple algorithm for checking reference limits in laboratory information systems and provides an open-source R tool as a Shiny application. The application's functionality is illustrated using the example of reference intervals for children and adolescents, and the results and conclusions are discussed.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Werner Oldekop, Gerd Oldekop, Kai Vahldiek, Frank Klawonn, Ursula Rinas
Summary: We propose a model-based approach to determine avian population parameters from age-differentiated bird counts. This method can calculate average individual life expectancy, average age, and generation length. It can also create age-specific results using a deterministic exponential function for age-dependent mortality and age distribution calculations.
Article
Microbiology
Nemanja Kuzmanovic, George C. diCenzo, Boyke Bunk, Cathrin Sproeer, Anja Fruehling, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Joerg Overmann, Kornelia Smalla
Summary: In this study, a distinct tumorigenes clade of the genus Rhizobium, including the tumorigenic species Rhizobium tumorigenes, was analyzed. A novel species of the genus Rhizobium, named Rhizobium rhododendri sp. nov., was proposed. The characteristics and gene clusters specific to the tumorigenes clade were identified, and their roles in the ecological diversification were predicted and discussed.
Article
Microbiology
Kathrin Alpers, Elisabeth Vatareck, Lothar Groebe, Mathias Muesken, Maren Scharfe, Susanne Haeussler, Jurgen Tomasch
Summary: Pseudomonas aeruginosa undergoes a transition from fast growth with overlapping cell cycles to sustained slow growth with non-overlapping cell cycles when cultivated under standard laboratory conditions. This transition is characterized by sequential changes in transcriptional activity along the chromosome and a shift in quorum sensing activity. RNA sequencing of subpopulations identified distinct gene expression patterns for replicating and nonreplicating cells.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Inga Trulson, Juliane Stahl, Stefan Margraf, Martin Scholz, Eduard Hoecherl, Konrad Wolf, Juergen Durner, Frank Klawonn, Stefan Holdenrieder
Summary: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels in plasma and serum can be used to estimate the severity and prognosis of trauma patients. Higher levels of cfDNA are associated with more severe injuries and traumatic brain injury. cfDNA is a valuable biomarker for predicting survival in trauma patients.
Article
Microbiology
Cynthia Maria Chibani, Robert Hertel, Meina Neumann-Schaal, Henry Goehlich, Kim Wagner, Boyke Bunk, Cathrin Sproeer, Jorg Overmann, Michael Hoppert, Silke Mareike Marten, Olivia Roth, Heiko Liesegang, Carolin C. Wendling
Summary: A new Vibrio strain, K08M4(T), was isolated from the broad-nosed pipefish Syngnathus typhle in the Kiel Fjord. The strain showed distinct phenotypic features and its complete genome sequence was analyzed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Natasza Szczypien, Zoe Ruchay, Zino Ruchay, Sandra Verena Mueller, Claudia Kaiser, Frank Klawonn
Summary: This study found that the sex of the HBOs used in pain drawings did not affect pain area, and there were no statistically significant differences in pain localization or area between female and sexless outlines. Most participants found the body outlines suitable for pain drawings.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lars Schroeder, Michael R. Mallmann, Christian M. Domroese, Natalie Wefers, Ramona Dolscheid-Pommerich, Birgit Stoffel-Wagner, Inga Trulson, Kai Vahldiek, Frank Klawonn, Stefan Holdenrieder
Summary: Tumor marker determinations are valuable for guiding breast cancer patients, but different analytical platforms may affect the results, thus requiring careful interpretation of absolute values.
Correction
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Leonie Carina Ibald, Veronica Witte, Fank Klawonn, Rupert Conrad, Martin Muecke, Julia Sellin, Marcus Teschke
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY-HEIDELBERG
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Leonie Carina Ibald, Veronica Witte, Fank Klawonn, Rupert Conrad, Martin Muecke, Julia Sellin, Marcus Teschke
Summary: The purpose of this study is to establish reference values for mandible dimensions in women using MRI only and explore new parameters relevant in adult idiopathic condylar resorption (AICR). The results show that MRI-derived reference values for mandible morphology are consistent with CT-based studies. However, correlations with BMI, lifestyle, and laboratory parameters were not observed.
ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY-HEIDELBERG
(2023)