Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 14, Issue 19, Pages 4028-4040Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002666
Keywords
biocatalysis; enzyme engineering; plastics; recycling; textile
Funding
- Swedish Energy Agency/VINNOVA [2017-002010, 2019-03174]
- FORMAS young research leader fellowship [2017-01116]
- European Union [870294]
- VINNOVA within Sustainable production - XPRES - Swedish Initiative for excellence in production research
- Formas [2017-01116] Funding Source: Formas
- Swedish Research Council [2019-03174] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
- Vinnova [2019-03174] Funding Source: Vinnova
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Although the separation of individual components from polymer blends in textiles is currently unavailable at a viable scale, biotechnology may provide a solution. However, biotechnological-assisted depolymerization only works for a few synthetic polymer chains, and the use of difficult-to-recycle blended materials is rapidly growing in the textile industry.
Although recovery of fibers from used textiles with retained material quality is desired, separation of individual components from polymer blends used in today's complex textile materials is currently not available at viable scale. Biotechnology could provide a solution to this pressing problem by enabling selective depolymerization of recyclable fibers of natural and synthetic origin, to isolate constituents or even recover monomers. We compiled experimental data for biocatalytic polymer degradation with a focus on synthetic polymers with hydrolysable links and calculated conversion rates to explore this path The analysis emphasizes that we urgently need major research efforts: beyond cellulose-based fibers, biotechnological-assisted depolymerization of plastics so far only works for polyethylene terephthalate, with degradation of a few other relevant synthetic polymer chains being reported. In contrast, by analyzing market data and emerging trends for synthetic fibers in the textile industry, in combination with numbers from used garment collection and sorting plants, it was shown that the use of difficult-to-recycle blended materials is rapidly growing. If the lack of recycling technology and production trend for fiber blends remains, a volume of more than 3400 Mt of waste will have been accumulated by 2030. This work highlights the urgent need to transform the textile industry from a biocatalytic perspective.
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