Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Noel Pin-Vieito, Manuel Puga, Daniel Fernandez-de-Castro, Joaquin Cubiella
Summary: FIT is widely used as a biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis and plays a crucial role in screening and surveillance. This review summarizes the diagnostic efficacy of FIT in symptomatic patients and post-adenoma resection, as well as discusses the potential impact of FIT strategies on healthcare resources and CRC prognosis.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Theo Georgiou Delisle, Nigel D'Souza, Jessica Tan, Ahmad Najdawi, Michelle Chen, Helen Ward, Muti Abulafi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate a new 2-week wait pathway that utilizes the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) to screen patients with suspected colorectal cancer (CRC) for high and low-risk symptoms. The results showed that this approach can successfully identify patients at the highest risk of CRC in primary care.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam P. van der Meulen, Esther Toes-Zoutendijk, Manon C. W. Spaander, Evelien Dekker, Johannes M. G. Bonfrer, Anneke J. van Vuuren, Ernst J. Kuipers, Folkert J. van Kemenade, M. F. van Velthuysen, Maarten G. J. Thomeer, Harriet van Veldhuizen, Harry J. de Koning, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Monique E. van Leerdam
Summary: The participation rate in FIT screening is lower for individuals with a lower socioeconomic status (SES), but they have a higher detection rate for advanced neoplasia. Screening has the potential to reduce health inequalities in CRC mortality.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Natalie Hunt, Christopher Rao, Robert Logan, Vishnu Chandrabalan, Jane Oakey, Claire Ainsworth, Neil Smith, Saswata Banerjee, Martin Myers
Summary: Duplicate faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) can improve the negative and positive predictive value of patients at risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) by reducing the proportion of FIT-negative CRC missed by a single FIT test. This study suggests that in routine NHS practice, a duplicate FIT sample strategy along with clinical evaluation is superior to a single FIT sample alone in managing symptomatic patients in primary care.
Article
Surgery
A. D. Gerrard, Y. Maeda, J. Miller, F. Gunn, E. Theodoratou, C. Noble, L. Porteous, S. Glancy, P. MacLean, R. Pattenden, M. G. Dunlop, F. V. N. Din
Summary: Single- and double-faecal immunochemical test (FIT) strategies were tested in high-risk symptomatic patients. A double-FIT strategy reduced missed colorectal cancers by 50.0 per cent and all significant bowel pathology by 30.0 per cent, while improving prioritization to investigation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Surgery
Kai Sheng Saw, Chen Liu, William Xu, Chris Varghese, Susan Parry, Ian Bissett
Summary: This review evaluated the use of single quantitative FIT as a triaging tool for patients with symptoms of possible colorectal cancer. The study found that lower f-Hb thresholds of FIT can effectively exclude colorectal cancer in symptomatic patients.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Anton Gies, Tobias Niedermaier, Elizabeth Alwers, Thomas Hielscher, Korbinian Weigl, Thomas Heisser, Petra Schrotz-King, Michael Hoffmeister, Hermann Brenner
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of nine fecal immunochemical tests in screening colonoscopy participants, with differences in diagnostic performance observed by sex and age. Females consistently showed lower sensitivities and higher specificities than males, with higher negative predictive values. A negative FIT was found to be less reliable in ruling out AN among men and older participants than among women and younger participants.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nigel D'Souza, Theo Georgiou Delisle, Michelle Chen, Sally Benton, Muti Abulafi
Summary: The study indicated that the sensitivity of FIT is maximized at the lowest cut-off of 2 mu g/g, reaching 97.0%. A negative FIT result at this cut-off can effectively rule out CRC, while a positive FIT result is better than symptoms for selecting patients for urgent investigations.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Colin J. Crooks, Ayan Banerjea, James Jones, Caroline Chapman, Simon Oliver, Joe West, David J. Humes
Summary: A FIT cut-off of >= 10 μg Hb/g faeces is recommended in the UK for urgent investigation of colorectal cancer. The risk of CRC varies by age, haemoglobin and platelet levels at different FIT cut-offs.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Noel Pin-Vieito, Laura Garcia Nimo, Luis Bujanda, Begona Roman Alonso, Maria Angeles Gutierrez-Stampa, Vanessa Aguilar-Gama, Isabel Portillo, Joaquin Cubiella
Summary: Optimizing colonoscopy resources in primary health care is challenging. This study assessed the impact of different FIT positivity thresholds on CRC detection in primary care, suggesting that a tailored FIT threshold should be based on colonoscopy capacity and CRC prevalence in specific populations.
UNITED EUROPEAN GASTROENTEROLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Farzana Rahman, Mihir Trivedy, Christopher Rao, Funmi Akinlade, Ahmer Mansuri, Atul Aggarwal, Faidon-Marios Laskaratos, Nirooshun Rajendran, Saswata Banerjee
Summary: This study investigated the diagnostic performance of FIT in symptomatic patients, analyzing the proportion of FIT-negative colorectal cancers (CRC) missed and how to mitigate this risk. The results showed that FIT had comparable performance with the existing literature in detecting CRC, but there was a certain proportion of FIT-negative CRC. Therefore, relying solely on FIT to determine referrals to secondary care or further investigations needs caution.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manuel Zorzi, Jessica Battagello, Kevin Selby, Giulia Capodaglio, Susanna Baracco, Silvia Rizzato, Enrico Chinellato, Stefano Guzzinati, Massimo Rugge
Summary: A study conducted in the Veneto region of Italy found that the risk of colorectal cancer mortality is significantly higher among individuals who do not undergo colonoscopy after a positive FIT result, highlighting the importance of increasing compliance in this high-risk population.
Review
Oncology
Jakub Switalski, Tomasz Tatara, Katarzyna Wnuk, Wojciech Miazga, Dagmara Karauda, Adrian Matera, Magdalena Jablonska, Sylwia Jopek, Urszula Religioni, Mariusz Gujski
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a common neoplasm that greatly impacts quality of life and mortality. The FIT (faecal immunochemical test) is a promising and increasingly used screening method, and this umbrella review confirms its high usefulness in early detection of CRC.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Matthew T. Keys, Miquel Serra-Burriel, Natalia Martinez-Lizaga, Maria Pellise, Francesc Balaguer, Ariadna Sanchez, Enrique Bernal-Delgado, Antoni Castells
Summary: The study found that FIT-based organized colorectal cancer screening in Spain was associated with a reduction in population colorectal cancer mortality. No differences in outcome trends were observed between exposed and control provinces in the 7 years prior to screening implementation. Two years after implementation, exposed provinces experienced an increase in colorectal cancer incidence, followed by a decrease in mortality rates after 7 years.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Sally C. Benton, Carolyn Piggott, Zahida Zahoor, Shane O'Driscoll, Callum G. Fraser, Nigel D'Souza, Michelle Chen, Theo Georgiou Delisle, Muti Abulafi
Summary: This study assessed the comparability of faecal haemoglobin concentrations obtained with four quantitative FIT systems at different thresholds. The results showed differences between systems at lower thresholds, highlighting the need for further understanding of their clinical impact and efforts to minimize these differences.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Mayam Gomez-Cano, Georgios Lyratzopoulos, John L. Campbell, Marc N. Elliott, Gary A. Abel
Summary: By conducting factor analysis on the English Cancer Patient Experience Survey, researchers identified five latent factors underlying the survey's core questions, which relate to different aspects of cancer health care. This finding supports the development of evidence-based composite indicators for different domains of experience and offers options for survey redesign.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nicholas A. Kennedy, Malik Janjua, Neil Chanchlani, Simeng Lin, Claire Bewshea, Rachel Nice, Timothy J. McDonald, Cressida Auckland, Lorna W. Harries, Merlin Davies, Stephen Michell, Klaartje B. Kok, Christopher A. Lamb, Philip J. Smith, Ailsa L. Hart, Richard C. G. Pollok, Charlie W. Lees, Rosemary J. Boyton, Daniel M. Altmann, Shaji Sebastian, Nicholas Powell, James R. Goodhand, Tariq Ahmad
Summary: This study found that a third dose of an mRNA-based vaccine can boost antibody responses and immunity in infliximab-treated patients with IBD. However, these patients had lower antibody concentrations compared to those treated with vedolizumab and were more likely to experience breakthrough infections and reinfections.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rosa Lundbye Allesoe, Agnete Troen Lundgaard, Ricardo Hernandez Medina, Alejandro Aguayo-Orozco, Joachim Johansen, Jakob Nybo Nissen, Caroline Brorsson, Gianluca Mazzoni, Lili Niu, Jorge Hernansanz Biel, Valentas Brasas, Henry Webel, Michael Eriksen Benros, Anders Gorm Pedersen, Piotr Jaroslaw Chmura, Ulrik Plesner Jacobsen, Andrea Mari, Robert Koivula, Anubha Mahajan, Ana Vinuela, Juan Fernandez Tajes, Sapna Sharma, Mark Haid, Mun-Gwan Hong, Petra B. Musholt, Federico De Masi, Josef Vogt, Helle Krogh Pedersen, Valborg Gudmundsdottir, Angus Jones, Gwen Kennedy, Jimmy Bell, E. Louise Thomas, Gary Frost, Henrik Thomsen, Elizaveta Hansen, Tue Haldor Hansen, Henrik Vestergaard, Mirthe Muilwijk, Marieke T. Blom, Leen M. T. Hart, Francois Pattou, Violeta Raverdy, Soren Brage, Tarja Kokkola, Alison Heggie, Donna McEvoy, Miranda Mourby, Jane Kaye, Andrew Hattersley, Timothy McDonald, Martin Ridderstrale, Mark Walker, Ian Forgie, Giuseppe N. Giordano, Imre Pavo, Hartmut Ruetten, Oluf Pedersen, Torben Hansen, Emmanouil Dermitzakis, Paul W. Franks, Jochen M. Schwenk, Jerzy Adamski, Mark McCarthy, Ewan Pearson, Karina Banasik, Simon Rasmussen, Soren Brunak
Summary: The application of multiple omics technologies in biomedical cohorts can reveal patient-level disease characteristics and individualized response to treatment. We developed a deep-learning-based framework, MOVE, to integrate and analyze multi-omics data from a cohort of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. By using in silico perturbations, we identified drug-omics associations in the multi-modal datasets with higher sensitivity than univariate statistical tests.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beverley M. M. Shields, John M. M. Dennis, Catherine D. D. Angwin, Fiona Warren, William E. E. Henley, Andrew J. J. Farmer, Naveed Sattar, Rury R. R. Holman, Angus G. G. Jones, Ewan R. R. Pearson, Andrew T. T. Hattersley
Summary: Precision medicine in type 2 diabetes aims to treat patients based on their clinical characteristics. This study examines the differential drug response in relation to body mass index (BMI) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The findings suggest that in obese patients, thiazolidinediones may be more effective in lowering glucose levels compared to DPP4 inhibitors, while in patients with eGFR of 60-90 ml/min/1.73 m², DPP4 inhibitors may be more effective than SGLT2 inhibitors in lowering glucose levels.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria Hardy, Juliet Usher-Smith, Stephanie Archer, Rebecca Barnes, John Lancaster, Margaret Johnson, Matthew Thompson, Jon Emery, Hardeep Singh, Fiona M. Walter
Summary: This study explores how abdominal symptoms are communicated in primary care and identifies factors that influence the accuracy and completeness of their documentation. The results show that the information documented by doctors often does not match what patients describe, potentially leading to missed opportunities for timely investigation. Therefore, it is crucial to understand patients' descriptions of symptoms.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zhigang Liu, Kaixing Le, Xin Zhou, James L. Alexander, Simeng Lin, Claire Bewshea, Neil Chanchlani, Rachel Nice, Timothy J. McDonald, Christopher A. Lamb, Shaji Sebastian, Klaartje Kok, Charlie W. Lees, Ailsa L. Hart, Richard C. Pollok, Rosemary J. Boyton, Daniel M. Altmann, Katrina M. Pollock, James R. Goodhand, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Tariq Ahmad, Nick Powell, C. L. A. R. I. T. Y. study investigators CLARITY Study Investigators
Summary: This study aimed to determine the impact of the anti-TNF drug infliximab and the anti-integrin drug vedolizumab on vaccine-induced neutralising antibodies against the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that patients treated with infliximab had significantly lower antibody levels after three doses of vaccine compared to those treated with vedolizumab, and they also had a higher risk of breakthrough infection.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jean Claude Katte, Timothy J. McDonald, Eugene Sobngwi, Angus G. Jones
Summary: The phenotype of type 1 diabetes in Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, is poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested differences in phenotype from the classical form of the disease described in western literature. Accurate diagnosis is challenging due to atypical diabetes forms and limited resources. The age of onset seems to be later in sub-Saharan Africa.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Ben Shaw, Fiona M. Walter, William Hamilton, Tanimola Martins
Summary: The high mortality rate of prostate cancer in Black males can be reduced by addressing delays in the pathway to diagnosis before initial medical help seeking. A greater understanding of symptom appraisal and help seeking is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve early presentation among Black males.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicholas J. Thomas, Anita V. Hill, Colin M. Dayan, Richard A. Oram, Timothy J. McDonald, Beverley M. Shields, Angus G. Jones, StartRight Study Grp
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether presentation, progression, and genetic susceptibility of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) are affected by diagnosis age. The results showed that age of diagnosis was not associated with C-peptide loss, baseline C-peptide, and T1D genetic susceptibility. Despite similar presentation, older adults were less likely to be diagnosed with T1D, treated with insulin, or admitted to hospital.
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rosa Lundbye Allesoe, Agnete Troen Lundgaard, Ricardo Hernandez Medina, Alejandro Aguayo-Orozco, Joachim Johansen, Jakob Nybo Nissen, Caroline Brorsson, Gianluca Mazzoni, Lili Niu, Jorge Hernansanz Biel, Cristina Leal Rodriguez, Valentas Brasas, Henry Webel, Michael Eriksen Benros, Anders Gorm Pedersen, Piotr Jaroslaw Chmura, Ulrik Plesner Jacobsen, Andrea Mari, Robert Koivula, Anubha Mahajan, Ana Vinuela, Juan Fernandez Tajes, Sapna Sharma, Mark Haid, Mun-Gwan B. Hong, Petra Musholt, Federico De Masi, Josef Vogt, Helle Krogh Pedersen, Valborg Gudmundsdottir, Angus Jones, Gwen Kennedy, Jimmy Bell, E. Louise Thomas, Gary Frost, Henrik Thomsen, Elizaveta Hansen, Tue Haldor Hansen, Henrik Vestergaard, Mirthe T. Muilwijk, Marieke M. Blom, Leen 't Hart, Francois Pattou, Violeta Raverdy, Soren Brage, Tarja Kokkola, Alison Heggie, Donna McEvoy, Miranda Mourby, Jane Kaye, Andrew Hattersley, Timothy McDonald, Martin Ridderstrale, Mark Walker, Ian N. Forgie, Giuseppe Giordano, Imre Pavo, Hartmut Ruetten, Oluf Pedersen, Torben Hansen, Emmanouil W. Dermitzakis, Paul M. Franks, Jochen Schwenk, Jerzy I. Adamski, Mark McCarthy, Ewan Pearson, Karina Banasik, Simon Rasmussen, Soren Brunak
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Claudia M. Snudden, Natalia Calanzani, Stephanie Archer, Stephanie Honey, Merel M. Pannebakker, Anissa Faher, Aina Chang, Willie Hamilton, Fiona M. Walter
Summary: This study aimed to explore patients' care experience and acceptability of using FIT. The study found that patients were satisfied with doing the FIT themselves and recommending it to others, although some perceived it as a challenge for others. However, test explanation by healthcare professionals was often limited and many participants did not receive their results, leading to uncertainty.
Article
Oncology
Tanimola Martins, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Georgios Lyratzopoulos, Willie Hamilton, Gary Abel
Summary: This UK population-based study aimed to investigate whether there are ethnic differences in the presenting features of cancer recorded in primary care before diagnosis. The study found that Asian and Black patients were more likely to have 'less concerning' features recorded before diagnosis compared to White patients, while no ethnic group was more likely to have alarm features recorded. Further research is needed to determine the underlying factors behind these ethnic differences, whether it is related to disease biology, patient, or healthcare factors.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Neil Chanchlani, Simeng Lin, Rebecca Smith, Christopher Roberts, Rachel Nice, Timothy J. McDonald, Benjamin Hamilton, Maria Bishara, Claire Bewshea, Nicholas A. Kennedy, James R. Goodhand, Tariq Ahmad, PANTS Consortium
Summary: Low vitamin D concentrations are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, but this study found that pretreatment vitamin D concentrations did not predict response to anti-TNF treatment in patients with Crohn's disease.
CROHNS & COLITIS 360
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Adem Y. Dawed, Andrea Mari, Andrew Brown, Timothy J. McDonald, Lin Li, Shuaicheng Wang, Mun-Gwan Hong, Sapna Sharma, Neil R. Robertson, Anubha Mahajan, Xuan Wang, Mark Walker, Stephen Gough, Leen M. 't Hart, Kaixin Zhou, Ian Forgie, Hartmut Ruetten, Imre Pavo, Pallav Bhatnagar, Angus G. Jones, Ewan R. Pearson, for the D. I. R. E. C. T. consortium DIRECT consortium
Summary: This study identified genetic variants associated with the response to GLP-1 receptor agonist treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes, which provides valuable insights for clinical decision making and personalized medicine.
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Matthew J. Thompson, Monica Zigman Suchsland, Victoria Hardy, Danielle C. Lavallee, Sally Lord, Emily Beth Devine, Jeffrey G. Jarvik, Steven Findlay, Thomas A. Trikalinos, Fiona M. Walter, Roger Chou, Beverly B. Green, Karen J. Wernli, Annette L. Fitzpatrick, Patrick M. Bossuyt
Summary: Imaging tests are commonly used in healthcare, but concerns about their overuse have overshadowed their benefits in clinical decision-making. This study demonstrates the importance of considering patient-centered outcomes (PCOs) when evaluating the value of imaging tests. The PROD framework categorizes PCOs into four main domains and highlights the interplay between them and the factors that can modify them.
BMJ QUALITY & SAFETY
(2023)