Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruben Garcia-Cabrerizo, Carina Carbia, Kenneth J. O'Riordan, Harriet Schellekens, John F. Cryan
Summary: The gut microbiota may play a role in regulating brain reward functions and may be implicated in the development of disorders associated with reward system disruptions. By integrating preclinical and clinical evidence, the microbiota-gut-brain axis shows promise as a targeted therapeutic strategy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lewis W. Yu, Gulistan Agirman, Elaine Y. Hsiao
Summary: The gut microbiome has a significant impact on various physiological functions of the host, particularly in regulating central nervous system homeostasis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and dysregulated neuroimmune responses are common comorbidities of neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurological disorders.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Haoran Wang, Tingting Zhao, Zhenjiang Liu, Danzengquzhen, Cisangzhuoma, Jinying Ma, Xin Li, Xiaodan Huang, Bin Li
Summary: Recent investigations suggest that dietary consumption of flavonoids has neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress responses. Flavonoids may also shape gut microbiota composition and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria that produce neuroprotective metabolites. By influencing the microbiota-gut-brain axis, flavonoids indirectly improve brain health.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Cecile Morin, Cindy Bokobza, Bobbi Fleiss, Elisa L. Hill-Yardin, Juliette Van Steenwinckel, Pierre Gressens
Summary: Understanding the impact of gut microbiota on brain development and behavior during the perinatal period is a growing field of research. Cesarean sections and preterm birth are associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, possibly due to alterations in the gut microbiome.
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Melanie G. Gareau
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development and severity of various diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis enables communication between gut microbes and the brain to regulate behavior. This commentary highlights recent findings on the role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in sepsis-associated encephalopathy using a mouse model.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giuseppe Marano, Marianna Mazza, Francesco Maria Lisci, Michele Ciliberto, Gianandrea Traversi, Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis, Domenico De Berardis, Lucrezia Laterza, Gabriele Sani, Antonio Gasbarrini, Eleonora Gaetani
Summary: There is increasing interest in the role of intestinal microbiota and autoimmune processes in psychiatric diseases. Altered communication between the microbiota-gut-brain axis may be a cause of psychiatric disorders. This review explores the evidence for the involvement of gut microbiota in psychiatric diseases and the impact of diet on microbiota and mental health. Changes in gut microbiota composition can lead to increased intestinal permeability, resulting in a cytokine storm, systemic inflammation, and immune response. These events can affect neurotransmitter release, alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and reduce trophic brain factors. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms connecting gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cinzia Garofalo, Costanza Maria Cristiani, Sara Ilari, Lucia Carmela Passacatini, Valentina Malafoglia, Giuseppe Viglietto, Jessica Maiuolo, Francesca Oppedisano, Ernesto Palma, Carlo Tomino, William Raffaeli, Vincenzo Mollace, Carolina Muscoli
Summary: Fibromyalgia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome share similar symptoms and may have a common etiology related to alterations in gut microbiota. This review will discuss the similarities between FM and IBS and the potential therapeutic approaches based on microbiota manipulations.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samir Musleh-Vega, Jorge Ojeda, Pia M. Vidal
Summary: A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations in the gut microbiota-brain axis are associated with the progression and development of various pathological conditions and cognitive dysfunctions. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are often associated with anxiety and depression-like symptoms, with an incidence rate between 11% and 30%. These psychological stress-related symptoms are linked to poor prognosis in SCIs and may be related to changes in specific brain areas.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas M. Barber, Georgios Valsamakis, George Mastorakos, Petra Hanson, Ioannis Kyrou, Harpal S. Randeva, Martin O. Weickert
Summary: Our gut microbiota have co-evolved with us over a long period of time, playing a crucial role in our overall health and influencing various bodily processes. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a dominant communication pathway with far-reaching implications for our well-being. Dietary composition, particularly in modern Western diets, can directly impact the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis and potential health issues.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Szu-Ju Chen, Chin-Hsien Lin
Summary: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, influenced by both genetic risk and environmental factors. While motor dysfunction is the main characteristic, the disease process involves multiple systems and shows heterogenous clinical presentation and progression. Genetic predisposition to Parkinson's disease includes abnormal immune responses, protein aggregation, autophagolysosomal impairment, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to vulnerable neurons that are sensitive to environmental triggers. Changes in the gut microenvironment may potentially act as a trigger in genetically susceptible individuals.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Maciej Korczak, Maciej Pilecki, Sebastian Granica, Aleksandra Gorczynska, Karolina A. Pawlowska, Jakub P. Piwowarski
Summary: Clinical research has identified promising herbal medicines for the treatment of mild mood disorders, but the active constituents are still unclear. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis offers new possibilities for treatment and prevention.
Review
Cell Biology
Yufeng Cheng, Ce Chen, Feng Zhang
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple sclerosis, involve progressive loss of neuronal structure or function. The intestinal microbiome, as the second genome of the human body, is strongly implicated in the development of these diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influences neurodegenerative diseases through the gut-brain axis and immune modulation are still not well understood.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Manqiu Ding, Yue Lang, Hang Shu, Jie Shao, Li Cui
Summary: The gut-brain axis is crucial for regulating intestinal and central nervous system functions. It plays a key role in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Epilepsy is a complex disease affecting over 50 million people worldwide, with around 30% of patients being drug-resistant.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Bingbing Guo, Jingyi Zhang, Weihao Zhang, Feng Chen, Bin Liu
Summary: This comprehensive review explores the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gut microbiota, their transportation through the gut-brain axis, and the potential mechanisms by which they influence age-related neurodegenerative disorders. The review also discusses the importance of dietary fiber sources and the challenges associated with harnessing dietary-derived SCFAs as promoters of neurological health in elderly individuals.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Wen-Jie Xia, Meng-Lu Xu, Xiao-Jing Yu, Meng-Meng Du, Xu-Hui Li, Tao Yang, Lu Li, Ying Li, Kai B. Kang, Qing Su, Jia-Xi Xu, Xiao-Lian Shi, Xiao-Min Wang, Hong-Bao Li, Yu-Ming Kang
Summary: Exercise has been shown to significantly decrease systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, with an increase in microbial diversity, enrichment of beneficial bacterial genera, and reduction in activated microglia and neuroinflammation observed. These findings suggest that exercise can improve gut-brain axis, leading to beneficial effects on hypertension.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carly Hennessey, Matteo Pusceddu, Trina Knotts, Jessica Sladek, Gonzalo Rabasa, Patricia Stokes, Melanie Gareau
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ciara Keogh, Matteo Pusceddu, Hyun-Jung Kim, Gonzalo Rabasa, Trina Knotts, Melanie Gareau
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Matteo M. Pusceddu, Josep M. Del Bas
PSYCHIATRIC GENETICS
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eloisa Salvo, Patricia Stokes, Ciara E. Keogh, Ingrid Brust-Mascher, Carly Hennessey, Trina A. Knotts, Jessica A. Sladek, Kavi M. Rude, Michelle Swedek, Gonzalo Rabasa, Melanie G. Gareau
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Ciara E. Keogh, Kavi M. Rude, Melanie G. Gareau
Summary: In recent years, the gut microbiota has been increasingly associated with the development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in maintaining host-microbe interactions by recognizing commensal bacteria. Emerging evidence suggests that PRRs, specifically the NLRs and TLRs, are involved in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Carly Hennessey, Ciara E. Keogh, Mariana Barboza, Ingrid Brust-Mascher, Trina A. Knotts, Jessica A. Sladek, Matteo M. Pusceddu, Patricia Stokes, Gonzalo Rabasa, Mackenzie Honeycutt, Olivia Walsh, Rene Nichols, Colin Reardon, Melanie G. Gareau
Summary: Early-life infection with EPEC can lead to intestinal inflammation, cognitive impairments, increased neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation in adulthood. Adult mice show changes in intestinal physiology, intestinal inflammation, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota due to neonatal EPEC infection.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Letter
Immunology
Melanie G. Gareau
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Melanie G. Gareau
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a significant role in the development and severity of various diseases, including those affecting the central nervous system. The microbiota-gut-brain axis enables communication between gut microbes and the brain to regulate behavior. This commentary highlights recent findings on the role of gut microbiota and bacterial metabolites in sepsis-associated encephalopathy using a mouse model.
Article
Microbiology
Ulrika Beitnere, Brayan Vilanova-Cuevas, Sarah G. Christian, Clint Taylor, Elizabeth L. Berg, Nycole A. Copping, Scott V. Dindot, Jill L. Silverman, Melanie G. Gareau, David J. Segal
Summary: A large subset of patients with Angelman syndrome (AS) suffer from concurrent gastrointestinal (GI) issues, including constipation, poor feeding, and reflux. AS is caused by the loss of ubiquitin ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene expression in the brain. To investigate the associations between colonization of the gut microbiota in AS, we characterized the fecal microbiome in three animal models of AS involving maternal deletions of Ube3A, including mouse, rat, and pig, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Specific changes to the local environment in the gut are driven by a Ube3a maternal deletion, unaffected by varying housing conditions, and are prominent and detectable across multiple small and large animal model species. These findings begin to uncover the underlying mechanistic causes of GI disorders in AS patients and provide future therapeutic options for AS patients.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Melanie G. Gareau, Kim E. Barrett
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread infections and millions of deaths. In addition to the acute impacts, many patients have developed long-lasting symptoms known as postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This review explores the role of impaired microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis signaling in the development of PASC and potential mechanisms, which could provide insights into disease progression and future treatment options.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Francisco Donoso, Marina Schverer, Kieran Rea, Matteo M. Pusceddu, Bernard L. Roy, Timothy G. Dinan, John F. Cryan, Harriet Schellekens
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2020)
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)