Article
Oncology
Kyohei Yugawa, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Yohei Mano, Shinji Itoh, Noboru Harada, Toru Ikegami, Kenichi Kohashi, Yoshinao Oda, Masaki Mori
Summary: The study revealed that the loss of miR-150-3p in CAFs-derived exosomes significantly promotes HCC progression. Exosomal miR-150-3p may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker, and transferring miR-150-3p-loaded exosomes to HCC cells could be a novel therapeutic option.
Article
Cell Biology
Yulan Cui, Deying Wang, Min Xie
Summary: The study revealed that miR-630 delivered to NFs by EVs facilitated CAF activation, promoting invasion and metastasis of OC by inhibiting KLF6 and activating the NF-kappa B pathway.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Ilaria Giusti, Marianna Di Francesco, Giuseppina Poppa, Letizia Esposito, Sandra D'Ascenzo, Vincenza Dolo
Summary: Fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment can be activated by cancer cells to become cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which promote tumor progression by remodeling the tumor stroma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes (EXOs) and microvesicles (MVs), play a crucial role in the communication between cancer cells and fibroblasts. Different subpopulations of EVs have different effects on fibroblasts, and the secretome of activated fibroblasts can modulate the response of bystander cells, indicating the important role of EVs in the mutual cross-talk between tumor cells and CAFs.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tatyana Chernova, Stefano Grosso, Xiao-Ming Sun, Angela Rubio Tenor, Joaquin Zacarias Cabeza, Andrew Craxton, Emily L. Self, Apostolos Nakas, Kelvin Cain, Marion MacFarlane, Anne E. Willis
Summary: Research has found that extracellular vesicles (CAF-EVs) derived from carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote the growth and invasion of malignant mesothelioma. Treatment with Simvastatin, a statin drug, can suppress the pro-oncogenic effects of CAF-EVs, providing new targets for cancer therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Kellen Wright, Thuc Ly, Matthew Kriet, Andras Czirok, Sufi Mary Thomas
Summary: Cancer cells rely on the tumor microenvironment (TME) for growth and metastasis. Among the components of TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role. CAFs are heterogeneous and can remodel the microenvironment, as well as communicate with immune cells to aid in immune evasion. This review focuses on the factors and signaling pathways of CAFs.
Review
Oncology
Tong Su, Panpan Zhang, Fujun Zhao, Shu Zhang
Summary: Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that contain diverse bioactive molecules and play essential roles in mediating interactions between cancer and stromal cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of non-coding RNA that can epigenetically reprogram cells. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are two major types of stromal cells that inhibit immune response and facilitate tumor progression. Accumulated studies have provided critical evidence of the significance of exosomal miRNA-mediated intercellular crosstalk between cancer cells, TAMs, and CAFs for tumor progression. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of cell-cell interactions between stromal and cancer cells conveyed by exosome-derived miRNAs, which may help in identifying effective therapeutic targets for cancer.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Xinyi Hu, Yukang Lu, Jiajun Zhou, Lanfeng Wang, Mengting Zhang, Yiping Mao, Zhiping Chen
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor with high mortality and incidence rates. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a significant role in the communication and progression of cancer cells. Regulatory RNAs have emerged as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer, influencing various cancer-related processes. This review highlights the importance of sEVs as biomarkers in colorectal cancer diagnosis and suggests their potential application in treatment, emphasizing the need for further research.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Giulia Biffi, David A. Tuveson
Summary: Efforts to develop anti-cancer therapies have mainly targeted the epithelial compartment, but recent studies have shown the significant influence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in tumor progression. CAFs not only promote cancer cell proliferation, therapy resistance, and immune exclusion, but may also restrain tumor progression in certain contexts. Research on CAFs has focused on their heterogeneity, plasticity, and functions across different cancer types and states, as well as advancements in therapeutic strategies targeting CAFs currently undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chunmei Zhang, Meiying Qin
Summary: This review examines the significant role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in ovarian cancer, highlighting their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. The comprehensive analysis explores the mechanisms by which EVs interact with the tumor microenvironment, including the regulation of tumor growth through EVs carrying matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and EV-mediated inhibition of angiogenesis. The potential clinical applications of EVs targeting the tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer are discussed, including the development of novel treatment strategies and identification of new biomarkers for early detection and prognosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Yutaka Naito, Yusuke Yoshioka, Takahiro Ochiya
Summary: Intercellular communication plays a crucial role in cancer initiation and progression, with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) being a key component in this process. Recent research on extracellular vesicles (EVs) as regulators of intercellular communication has shown significant advancements. EVs facilitate the transfer of functional molecules to recipient cells, influencing the communication between cancer cells and CAFs and promoting cancer progression.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Johanna A. Seier, Julia Reinhardt, Kritika Saraf, Susanna S. Ng, Julian P. Layer, Dillon Corvino, Kristina Althoff, Frank A. Giordano, Alexander Schramm, Matthias Fischer, Michael Hoelzel
Summary: The study identified epigenetic drivers EHMT2 and EHMT1 as effectors of the MYCN-driven malignant phenotype and suppressors of IFN-gamma transcriptional responses in neuroblastoma cells. Inhibitors of EHMT enhanced T-cell recruitment into the tumor microenvironment through increased expression of Th1-type chemokines, which was further potentiated by co-inhibition of EZH2 in MYCN-amplified high-risk neuroblastomas.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Alexander Cocks, Filippo Del Vecchio, Verena Martinez-Rodriguez, Monique Schukking, Muller Fabbri
Summary: This review article discusses the interaction between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer cells, with a focus on the pro-tumoral phenotype elicited by EV-contained miRNAs released by TAMs and transferred to cancer cells.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jiaxiong Tan, Chaoyu Wang, Yan Jin, Yuren Xia, Baocheng Gong, Qiang Zhao
Summary: The study found that a signature constructed with six genes can better predict the prognosis of neuroblastoma and evaluate the immunosuppressed and aging tumor microenvironment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seongkyeong Yoo, Sanga Choi, Iljin Kim, In-San Kim
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in cancer progression and are regulated by hypoxia. Hypoxic EVs contain specific molecules capable of reprogramming recipient cells. Using EVs as drug delivery vehicles shows promise in cancer treatment, but challenges need to be overcome.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mostafa Mostafazadeh, Nasser Samadi, Houman Kahroba, Behzad Baradaran, Sanya Haiaty, Mohammad Nouri
Summary: Exosomes play potential roles in tumor initiation, progression, and chemoresistance by mediating cell-to-cell communication and affecting drug resistance. Studies have shown that the content of exosomes released from tumor cells may be associated with the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)