Article
Environmental Sciences
Hairu Mao, Chenyu Wang, Shen Qu, Fu Liao, Guangcai Wang, Zheming Shi
Summary: This study used various methods and techniques, including dissolved ions, multiple isotopes, machine learning, and Bayesian isotope mixing model, to investigate the source and evolution of sulfate in groundwater from an abandoned mine in northern China. The results showed that groundwater mainly originated from atmospheric precipitation, and the main source of sulfate was pyrite oxidation/gypsum dissolution. These findings are important for studying solute sources and sulfur cycling in abandoned mines.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Blessing Chidimuro, Malin Holst, Sophie Newman, Katie Keefe, Matthew J. Collins, Michelle Alexander
Summary: Historical evidence suggests that social status played a major role in all aspects of society in eighteenth-nineteenth century England. This study provides insights into how socioeconomic status affected the dietary habits of two post-medieval urban populations from Greater Manchester, northwest England. The results reveal unequal access to food by status and dietary distinctions by age and sex, highlighting the impact of social status on food consumption during this period.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Brandon D. Hoenig, Brian K. Trevelline, Steven C. Latta, Brady A. Porter
Summary: The introduction of laboratory methods in animal dietary studies, such as DNA barcoding and stable isotope analysis, has improved accuracy and precision in obtaining results.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Justin M. Mathias, Tara W. Hudiburg
Summary: The use of stable isotopes to understand plant physiological processes has become common in ecology. However, there is currently no standardized tool to calculate isotope-derived plant physiological indices. In response, we developed isocalcR, an R package that provides functions and reference data to simplify the use of stable isotope data in plant tissues.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yutaka Osada, Jun Matsubayashi, Ichiro Tayasu
Summary: This study introduces a statistical method to address the issue of uncertainty in Bayesian SIMMs and demonstrates its application using two examples. The results show that beta-dependent SIMMs can rigorously quantify uncertainty and serve as a useful diagnostic tool for the mixing problem.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yutaka Osada, Jun Matsubayashi, Ichiro Tayasu
Summary: This study introduces a statistical method to diagnose underdetermination in Bayesian SIMMs, named beta-dependent SIMM, and demonstrates its applications using two examples. The research shows that the proposed method can rigorously quantify the expected underdetermination of relative contributions. Additionally, the application to field data reveals issues with traditional SIMMs in quantifying underdetermination of sources and the consistency between marginal posterior median and joint posterior peak.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kaitlyn O'Mara, Brian Fry, Michele Burford
Summary: Trace element accumulation pathways play a crucial role in ecological and toxicological studies on aquatic organisms. The study highlights the influence of diet and environment on trace element composition in estuarine food webs, showing how food sources and ecology affect the concentration of elements within species.
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xinwei Ren, Fu-Jun Yue, Jianhui Tang, Cai Li, Si-Liang Li
Summary: Excessive levels of NO3- can cause environmental issues, particularly in coastal areas. Accurate source tracing is crucial for effective pollution control and policy development. This study collected water samples from major river estuaries in the Bohai Sea of North China and used stable isotope analysis to determine the sources of NO3-.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Fumikazu Akamatsu, Hideaki Shimizu, Yukari Igi, Aya Kamada, Kazuya Koyama, Osamu Yamada, Nami Goto-Yamamoto
Summary: This study found a large variation in sugar δC-13 values of Chardonnay grapes grown in Japan, depending on the δC-13 values and content of monosaccharides. Carbon isotope discrimination can be used to predict sugar δC-13 values in the original must.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jeremy J. Kiszka, Michelle Caputo, Paula Mendez-Fernandez, Russell Fielding
Summary: Investigating the feeding ecology of killer whales in the Caribbean using stable isotope analysis and traditional ecological knowledge data from whalers revealed that odontocete cetaceans are the main diet of killer whales, while oceanic sharks and other potential prey make smaller contributions. Traditional ecological knowledge from whalers supported the findings, indicating that killer whales primarily feed on cetaceans.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Jesaias Ismael da Costa, Dalton Jose Carneiro, Ana Cristina Oliveira, Rosangela Kiyoko Jomori, Maria Inez Martins
Summary: This study evaluated the contribution of plankton to the production of tambaqui juveniles in ponds at different stocking densities. The results showed that plankton accounted for 22.75% of the fish biomass. Density had an impact on turbidity and Secchi, while final biomass and average density were the only zootechnical indexes that differed.
AQUACULTURE INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hiroto Kawashima, Otoha Yoshida, Nana Suto
Summary: This study measured the stable nitrogen isotope ratios of NH4+ in PM2.5 at a suburban site and a rural site in Japan, and identified the sources of NH4+ using isotopic mixing models. The results showed that nonagricultural sources contributed significantly to NH4+ at both sites, and the contribution of nonagricultural sources to NH3 was higher than that of agricultural sources.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Noshan Bhattarai, Shuxiao Wang, Yuepeng Pan, Qingcheng Xu, Yanlin Zhang, Yunhua Chang, Yunting Fang
Summary: This review explores analytical techniques for measuring δN-15(NH3) and δN-15(NH4+), sampling methods for atmospheric NH3 and NH4+, and source apportionment of NH3 based on isotopes in urban areas. Challenges include collecting representative samples of emission sources and understanding isotopic fractionation during gas-to-particle conversion under different environmental conditions. Further experimental and theoretical work is needed to improve isotope-based source apportionment of NH3.
FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Abdulhalim Zaryab, Hamid Reza Nassery, Kay Knoeller, Farshad Alijani, Eddy Minet
Summary: This study investigates the geochemistry and stable isotope composition of the Kabul urban aquifer, the main source of drinking water for Kabul city's inhabitants. The findings suggest that nitrate pollution in the aquifer primarily originates from sewage rather than artificial fertilizer. The results highlight the importance of improving sewage collection systems in the Kabul Plain.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Devin L. L. Johnson, Michael T. T. Henderson, Alastair Franke, George J. F. Swan, Robbie A. A. McDonald, David L. L. Anderson, Travis L. L. Booms, Cory T. T. Williams
Summary: Stable isotope mixing models (SIMMs) are used to characterize animal diets, relying on trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) to account for food assimilation. Traditional methods for calculating TDFs are impractical and may not reflect natural variability. This study presents TDFCAM, which estimates TDFs using high-precision diet estimates from nest cameras, and evaluates its performance in wild raptor nestlings.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sonja Egan, Clodagh M. Kearney, Pieter A. J. Brama, Andrew C. Parnell, Denise McGrath
Summary: Efficient and sensitive animal pain detection approaches are being studied to improve animal welfare and monitor treatment efficacy. This study investigates using behaviors as indicators of inflammation in horses and aims to classify these behaviors using wearable sensor technologies for remote monitoring. Behaviors variability may be a promising indicator of subtle inflammation, which should be explored further in larger trials for remote monitoring protocols.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Margaret A. Christie, Christopher E. Bernhardt, Andrew C. Parnell, Timothy A. Shaw, Nicole S. Khan, D. Reide Corbett, Ane Garcia-Artola, Jennifer Clear, Jennifer S. Walker, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Tobias R. Hasse, Benjamin P. Horton
Summary: A study combining new and published pollen data from coastal wetlands in the United States found that most pollen chronohorizons were consistent with other age markers, but inconsistencies may be due to local factors such as sediment mixing or misidentification of pollen signals. Overall, using pollen chronohorizons in models led to increased precision in some cases, but also highlighted the need for careful consideration of potential inaccuracies in age-depth models.
Article
Rheumatology
Angela Mc Ardle, Anna Kwasnik, Agnes Szentpetery, Belinda Hernandez, Andrew Parnell, Wilco Jager, Sytze Roock, Oliver FitzGerald, Stephen R. Pennington
Summary: Analysis of serum proteins using different technical platforms can differentiate patients with early inflammatory arthritis with psoriatic arthritis from those with rheumatoid arthritis. Subsequent validation studies confirmed a subset of proteins measured by multiple reaction monitoring can effectively differentiate PsA and RA patients.
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Andrew C. Kemp, Christopher H. Vane, Alexander W. Kim, Christopher L. Dutton, Amanda L. Subalusky, Stuart K. Kemp, Andrew C. Parnell
Summary: Conservation paleobiology aims to predict future changes and inform management decisions by reconstructing ecological communities and environmental conditions using proxies. Fecal steroids were found to be a potential proxy for reconstructing the time-evolving composition of megafauna populations in East Africa, with distinctive characteristics reflecting diet and digestion processes.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pierce Rafter, Isobel Claire Gormley, Deirdre Purfield, Andrew C. Parnell, Saeid Naderi, Donagh P. Berry
Summary: This study identified genomic regions associated with carcass traits in cattle using CNV and SNP LRR data, revealing several CNVs and SNPs linked to carcass traits in multiple cattle breeds. The findings suggest that CNV and SNP LRR data can provide additional insights into quantitative trait loci beyond traditional SNP allele count methods in genome-wide association analyses.
Article
Statistics & Probability
John Haslett, Andrew C. Parnell, John Hinde, Rafael de Andrade Moral
Summary: The paper discusses the analysis of count data with an unusually large number of zero counts, focusing on over-dispersion (OD) and zero-inflation (ZI) models. These two approaches can be seen as complementary, with the central objective typically being inference on the effect of covariates on the mean.
INTERNATIONAL STATISTICAL REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Alan Inglis, Andrew Parnell, Catherine B. Hurley
Summary: Variable importance, interaction measures, and partial dependence plots are important summaries in the interpretation of statistical and machine learning models. The new visualization techniques described in this article provide enhanced interpretation even in situations where the number of variables is large, and are applicable to regression and classification supervised learning settings. The visualizations are model-agnostic and carefully designed to highlight important aspects of the fit.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marine Ballutaud, Morgane Travers-Trolet, Paul Marchal, Stanislas F. Dubois, Carolina Giraldo, Andrew C. Parnell, M. Teresa Nuche-Pascual, Sebastien Lefebvre
Summary: Stable isotope mixing models are used to reconstruct animal diet, but current research neglects the dynamics of isotopic ratios and the impact of time lag on diet reconstruction. By using a dynamic mixing model, it is possible to more accurately estimate the consumer's diet and avoid misinterpretation in ecosystem functioning and food-web structure analysis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jacky Croke, John Vitkovsky, Kate Hughes, Micheline Campbell, Sahar Amirnezhad-Mozhdehi, Andrew Parnell, Niamh Cahill, Ramona Dalla Pozza
Summary: Palaeoclimate data plays a crucial role in the global water sector, but challenges in accessing relevant data make it difficult to manage extremes like floods and droughts. PalaeoWISE provides valuable database for water resource managers to better prepare for future climate changes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuhui Tu, Zhongzhou Liu, Luiz Carneiro, Caitriona M. Ryan, Andrew C. Parnell, Sean B. Leen, Noel M. Harrison
Summary: By using a trained deep neural network (DNN) model, this study successfully estimated the strength prediction of multi-phase additive manufactured stainless steels, recognized phase regions and crystallographic orientation variations, and captured differences in macroscopic stress response caused by varying microstructure. However, the model is less reliable in terms of fatigue life predictions.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Pierce Rafter, Isobel Claire Gormley, Andrew C. Parnell, Saeid Naderi, Donagh P. Berry
Summary: This study investigated the contributions of CNVs and SNPs to the additive genetic variance of carcass traits in cattle and found that CNVs can detect associations with carcass traits which were not detected using the set of SNPs available in the study.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Niamh Mimnagh, Andrew Parnell, Estevao Prado, Rafael de Andrade Moral
Summary: We propose a novel multi-species N-mixture model that can estimate the abundances of multiple species and the correlations between them. This model is the first to consider both positive and negative inter-species correlations, allowing us to examine the influence of one species' abundance on another. We validate the accuracy and applicability of our model through simulation experiments and apply it to avian point data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Niamh Cahill, Jacky Croke, Micheline Campbell, Kate Hughes, John Vitkovsky, Jack Eaton Kilgallen, Andrew Parnell
Summary: We propose a Bayesian model for probabilistic reconstructions of hydroclimatic variability in Queensland Australia using multiple palaeoclimate proxy records. The model combines time-series modeling with inverse prediction to reconstruct the hydroclimate back through time. Case studies for Brisbane and Fitzroy catchments show the probability of extreme hydroclimate behavior beyond the observed instrumental period.
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
James C. Waddington, Ruoyi Zhou, Orla Coleman, Bruna Wundervald, Andrew Parnell, Vinod Chandran, Lara Fallon, Douglass Chapman, Remy Pollock, Shibing Deng, Oliver FitzGerald, Stephen R. Pennington, Philip J. Mease
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Amin Shoari Nejad, Andrew C. Parnell, Alice Greene, Peter Thorne, Brian P. Kelleher, Robert J. N. Devoy, Gerard McCarthy
Summary: This study presents an updated sea level dataset for Dublin from 1938 to 2016, with calibration using nearby tide gauges. The results show that the sea level rise in Dublin over the past decades is consistent with expected trends, but recent years have experienced higher rates of rise due to large multidecadal variability.