Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 184, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116137
Keywords
Biological treatment processes; Effect-based trigger value; Estrogenicity; Nonylphenol; Nonylphenol ethoxylates; Textile wastewater
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51908276]
- National Science and Technology Major Project of China [2017ZX07202003]
- Key RAMP
- D Program of Jiangsu Province [BE2018632]
- Open Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control [KHK 1804]
- Priority Academic Program Development (PAPD) of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
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The formation of estrogenic intermediates, i.e. nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), nonylphenol mono-ethoxylate (NP1EO), and nonylphenol (NP), following nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs) biodegradation in textile wastewater raises concerns about its endocrine disruptive activity, but the estrogenicity changes of textile wastewater throughout biological treatment processes remain unknown. In the present study, the estrogenicity of textile wastewater sampled from 10 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were investigated using the reporter gene-based T47D-KBluc bioassay. Results showed that the estrogenicity of the textile wastewater significantly increased after either anaerobic or aerobic treatment in all WWTPs, with an average fold change of 3.21, although traditional pollutants were effectively removed. The estradiol equivalents of the effluent (ranging from 1.50 to 4.12 ng-E2/L) were generally higher than published effect based trigger values, indicating an increased risk for the receiving waters. Removal efficiency was high (84.46%) for NPEOs, but was low for NP2EO and NP1EO in the biological treatment processes. Nevertheless, NP had increased concentrations after the treatment. Bioanalytical equivalent concentration of the textile wastewater and that of NP2EO, NP1EO, and NP showed a good linear correlation, of which NP alone contributed more than 70% to the observed estrogenicity. Extending hydraulic retention time was found effective in reducing the estrogenicity as it allows relatively complete degradation of NP, which was further confirmed by running lab-scale A/O reactors fed with NP10EO. The results may extend our knowledge regarding the estrogenicity of textile wastewater and its reduction technologies used in WWTPs. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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