Review
Genetics & Heredity
Alessandro Maglione, Miriam Zuccala, Martina Tosi, Marinella Clerico, Simona Rolla
Summary: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease determined by genetic and environmental factors, with the gut microbiome emerging as an important environmental factor. The interaction between the gut microbiome and host genetics in MS pathogenesis remains unclear. Research has focused on genetic factors, immune system interactions, and the gut microbiome in relation to MS, with future research avenues discussed.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Claudia Cantoni, Qingqi Lin, Yair Dorsett, Laura Ghezzi, Zhongmao Liu, Yeming Pan, Kun Chen, Yanhui Han, Zhengze Li, Hang Xiao, Matthew Gormley, Yue Liu, Suresh Bokoliya, Hunter Panier, Cassandra Suther, Emily Evans, Li Deng, Alberto Locca, Robert Mikesell, Kathleen Obert, Pamela Newland, Yufeng Wu, Amber Salter, Anne H. Cross, Phillip Tarr, Amy Lovett-Racke, Laura Piccio, Yanjiao Zhou
Summary: This study conducted a six-month longitudinal multi-omics study on multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls, revealing multi-system alterations in gut microbiota, immune system, and blood metabolome. The study demonstrated the interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system, metabolism, and diet, and identified microbiome and metabolome features related to the degree of disability in MS patients. Furthermore, a correlation network linking meat intake with gut microbiota and blood metabolites was discovered.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Martin Diebold, Marco Meola, Srinithi Purushothaman, Lena K. Siewert, Elisabeth Poessnecker, Tim Roloff, Raija Lp Lindberg, Jens Kuhle, Ludwig Kappos, Tobias Derfuss, Adrian Egli, Anne-Katrin Proebstel
Summary: This study investigated the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on gut microbiota composition and host/microbial metabolomics in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The results revealed longitudinal changes in gut microbiota composition and an increase in citric acid cycle metabolites under DMF treatment. Furthermore, the study found a correlation between DMF-induced lymphopenia and distinct baseline microbiome signatures in MS patients, providing insights into the role of microbiota in mediating clinical side-effects.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Arlette L. Bruijstens, Sandy Molenaar, Yu Yi M. Wong, Robert Kraaij, Rinze F. Neuteboom
Summary: This study investigated the gut microbiota composition and functional pathways in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and found that obese children had lower microbiota diversity and higher abundance of certain microbes and functional pathways.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dorota Kujawa, Lukasz Laczmanski, Slawomir Budrewicz, Anna Pokryszko-Dragan, Maria Podbielska
Summary: This article reviews the characteristics of gut dysbiosis in multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as its relevant links with the course of the disease and dysregulated immune response and metabolic pathways in the pathology of MS. The therapeutic implications of these findings, including various interventions targeted at the gut microbiome, are also discussed.
Review
Microbiology
JamesW. Marsh, Christian Kirk, Ruth E. Ley
Summary: Genetic manipulation is necessary to study microorganisms in their environments, but many species in the human gut microbiome are not genetically tractable. This review addresses the barriers to genetic techniques for gut microbes and discusses ongoing efforts to develop genetic systems. While there is promise in methods that aim to genetically transform multiple species simultaneously, they still face challenges. Increasing the genetic tractability of gut microbiome species is a top priority for microbiome research and will enable microbiome engineering.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kristina Hoffman, William J. Doyle, Sean M. Schumacher, Javier Ochoa-Reparaz
Summary: The incidence of multiple sclerosis has increased due to the shift from a whole foods approach to the Western diet. The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis may involve changes in gut microbiota, gut barrier leakage, and intestinal inflammation. This review discusses the potential of dietary strategies to modulate the gut microbiome as alternative treatments for multiple sclerosis and emphasizes the importance of incorporating gut microbiome analysis in future research.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Daiki Takewaki, Takashi Yamamura
Summary: Recent studies have identified specific gut microbial species linked to various human diseases, and the gut-brain axis is currently attracting much attention in the field of microbiome science. Researchers are also striving to elucidate how the microbiome regulates the onset and progression of MS. The new findings achieved by analyzing the causal relationship between MS and the gut microbiome will provide a new therapeutic strategy for MS.
NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Anna Dunalska, Kamila Saramak, Natalia Szejko
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease with a complex pathophysiology, involving genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The gut-brain axis has been implicated in the development of MS and related disorders. This paper reviews evidence supporting the role of the gut microbiome in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMO-SD), identifying specific bacterial genera involved. Preliminary data suggests that interventions targeting the gut microbiome could potentially have a therapeutic effect on MS/NMO-SD. Understanding the gut microbiome's role in MS is important for disease management and potential treatments.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Vicente Navarro-Lopez, Maria Angeles Mendez-Miralles, Rosa Vela-Yebra, Ana Fries-Ramos, Pedro Sanchez-Pellicer, Beatriz Ruzafa-Costas, Eva Nunez-Delegido, Humberto Gomez-Gomez, Sara Chumillas-Lidon, Jose A. Pico-Monllor, Laura Navarro-Moratalla
Summary: This study analyzed the gut microbiota of patients with RRMS and found differences compared to a healthy control group. Analysis of the microbiota components revealed the potential of certain genera as predictive factors for RRMS prognosis and diagnosis.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lindsay Devolder, Ayla Pauwels, Ann Van Remoortel, Gwen Falony, Sara Vieira-Silva, Guy Nagels, Jacques De Keyser, Jeroen Raes, Marie B. D'Hooghe
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between gut microbial composition and long-term disability worsening in 111 MS patients. The results showed that the inflammation-associated, dysbiotic Bacteroides 2 enterotype (Bact2) was more prevalent in patients with worsening disability compared to non-worsened patients. This association was independent of confounding factors and Bact2 showed a stronger association with disability worsening than neurofilament light chain (NfL) plasma levels. Additionally, Bact2 was relatively stable over time, suggesting its potential use as a prognostic biomarker in MS clinical practice.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
William R. Shoemaker, Daisy Chen, Nandita R. Garud
Summary: Genetic variation in the human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in various phenotypes. However, our understanding of its origins and maintenance is limited. By comparing evolutionary processes across different species, we can identify universal trends and deviations. The human gut microbiome offers unparalleled potential for comparative population genomics studies.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Noha S. S. Elsayed, Paula Aston, Vishnu R. R. Bayanagari, Sanjay K. K. Shukla
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease with complex etiology involving genetic susceptibility, aberrant immune response, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Microbial factors in the gut could potentially trigger neuroinflammation and symptoms of the disease.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Saumya Shah, Alberto Locca, Yair Dorsett, Claudia Cantoni, Laura Ghezzi, Qingqi Lin, Suresh Bokoliya, Hunter Panier, Cassandra Suther, Matthew Gormley, Yue Liu, Emily Evans, Robert Mikesell, Kathleen Obert, Amber Salter, Anne H. Cross, Phillip I. Tarr, Amy Lovett-Racke, Laura Piccio, Yanjiao Zhou
Summary: This study revealed alterations in the gut mycobiome of patients with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy controls, with Saccharomyces and Aspergillus being over-represented in the patient group. Different mycobiome profiles were associated with specific bacterial microbiome and immune cell subsets in the blood of patients. Further research is needed to explore the potential causal relationship between the mycobiome and multiple sclerosis, as well as its interactions with bacteria and autoimmunity.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lorrie L. Blais, Theresa L. Montgomery, Eyal Amiel, Paula B. Deming, Dimitry N. Krementsov
Summary: The need for alternative treatments for multiple sclerosis has led to extensive research on microbial therapies targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This comprehensive review evaluates probiotic and commensal gut microbial therapies for MS based on clinical and preclinical evidence, ranking promising therapies and identifying areas needing further research for cheaper, safer, and more durable treatments.
Letter
Hematology
Micaela Kalani Roy, Rebecca Burgoyne Wilkerson, Keisha Alexander, Natalie J. Nokoff, Melanie Cree-Green, Angelo D'Alessandro
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mostafa Al-Sharkawi, Veronica Calonga-Solis, Franz F. Dressler, Hauke Busch, Olaf Hiort, Ralf Werner
Summary: Research has shown that impaired virilisation may occur in certain 46,XY individuals with defects in androgen synthesis or action, despite normal testicular development. A recent case study of a patient with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) revealed abnormal expression of HSD17B3 in Sertoli cells (SCs) and not in Leydig cells (LCs), suggesting a defect in testicular development and function. This study investigates the impact of altered androgen signalling in the gonads of five individuals with defects in androgen synthesis or action.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alya R. Alnuaimi, Justus Bottner, Vidhya A. Nair, Nival Ali, Razaz Alnakhli, Eva Dreyer, Iman M. Talaat, Hauke Busch, Sven Perner, Jutta Kirfel, Rifat Hamoudi, Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
Summary: Colorectal cancer is a deadly disease with increasing rates worldwide. Caldesmon (CaD) has emerged as a promising biomarker for diagnosis and therapy. It was found that l-CaD is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and associated with preinvasive stages, while h-CaD is expressed in smooth muscle cells but not in cancer cells or normal colon mucosal epithelial cells. These findings have significant implications for the management of colorectal cancer patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Xibing Shen, Hanlie Hong, Shengmin Huang, Thomas J. Algeo, Qiuyan Huang, Christopher J. Bae, Ke Yin, Chaowen Wang, Qian Fang, Chen Liu
Summary: Quaternary river sediments at Gaolingpo in Guangxi Province contain stone tools from Paleolithic and Neolithic ages, providing information about the influence of climate and environment on human activities. By studying the clay mineralogy and geochemistry of the sediments, paleoclimatic and environmental changes since the late Early Pleistocene can be reconstructed. The climate evolution of the Gaolingpo area can be divided into two stages with four sub-stages, with a generally humid climate in stage I and a subtropical humid climate in stage II.
PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Terry R. Schaid Jr, Mitchell J. Cohen, Angelo D'Alessandro, Christopher C. Silliman, Ernest E. Moore, Angela Sauaia, Monika Dzieciatkowska, William Hallas, Otto Thielen, Margot DeBot, Alexis Cralley, Ian LaCroix, Christopher Erickson, Sanchayita Mitra, Anirban Banerjee, Kenneth Jones, Kirk C. Hansen
Summary: Severe injury can lead to organ dysfunction, and hemolysis of red blood cells may contribute to this process. Hemolysis can release erythrocyte proteins, disrupting arginine metabolism and reducing NO production. This study aimed to quantify hemolysis and arginine metabolism in trauma patients and measure their association with injury severity, transfusions, and outcomes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sachin Kumar, Jeffrey D. Vassallo, Kalpana J. Nattamai, Aishlin Hassan, Rebekah Karns, Angelika Vollmer, Karin Soller, Vadim Sakk, Mehmet Sacma, Travis Nemkov, Angelo D'Alessandro, Hartmut Geiger
Summary: It has been found that culturing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) at a pH of 6.9 for 2 days can maintain their potential, unlike cultivation at the commonly used pH of 7.4. These HSCs maintained at pH 6.9 exhibit smaller size, lower metabolic activity, weaker proliferation, and enhanced reconstitution ability upon transplantation compared to those cultivated at pH 7.4. This is due to the attenuation of the polyamine pathway in HSCs cultured at pH 6.9. Inhibiting the polyamine pathway in HSCs cultured at pH 7.4 with DFMO mimics the phenotypes and potential of HSCs cultured at pH 6.9. Exposing HSCs to a pH of 6.9 ex vivo positively regulates their function by reducing polyamines. These findings have the potential to improve short-term cultivation protocols for HSC transplantation and gene therapy interventions.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sarah C. Skinner, Travis Nemkov, Mor Diaw, Maimouna Ndour Mbaye, Demba Diedhiou, Djiby Sow, Fatou Gueye, Philomene Lopez, Philippe Connes, Angelo D'Alessandro
Summary: Epidemiological data suggests that the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) will increase the most in sub-Saharan Africa over the next two decades. Metabolomics studies have identified biomarkers that could enhance T2D diagnosis and monitoring. However, there is a lack of research on the metabolome of individuals from sub-Saharan Africa.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shanlee M. Davis, Rhianna Urban, Angelo D'Alessandro, Julie A. Reisz, Christine L. Chan, Megan Kelsey, Susan Howell, Nicole Tartaglia, Philip Zeitler, Peter Baker Ii
Summary: Conditions related to cardiometabolic disease, including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, are common among men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS). The molecular mechanisms underlying this aberrant metabolism in KS are largely unknown. This study found that the plasma metabolome profile in adolescent males with KS is distinctly different from that in males without KS, suggesting differences in mitochondrial β-oxidation.
ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ruediger Braun, Olha Lapshyna, Jessica Watzelt, Maren Drenckhan, Axel Kuenstner, Benedikt Faerber, Ahmed Ahmed Mohammed Hael, Louisa Bolm, Kim Christin Honselmann, Bjoern Konukiewitz, Darko Castven, Malte Spielmann, Sivahari Prasad Gorantla, Hauke Busch, Jens-Uwe Marquardt, Tobias Keck, Ulrich Friedrich Wellner, Hendrik Ungefroren
Summary: The prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is very poor, and surgical resection is the only curative treatment option. A study established two new PDAC cell lines, which exhibit distinct molecular phenotypes, providing potential models for researching new treatment strategies and developing personalized therapy regimens.
Article
Cell Biology
Eric. L. L. Bolf, Thomas. C. C. Beadnell, Madison. M. M. Rose, Angelo D'Alessandro, Travis Nemkov, Kirk. C. C. Hansen, Rebecca. E. E. Schweppe
Summary: Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine neoplasm with a poor prognosis for patients with metastatic disease or resistance to radioactive iodine. This study examines the effects of kinase inhibitors on thyroid cancer cells and reveals significant alterations in metabolite profiles, particularly in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and amino acid levels. The study also highlights the accumulation of the tumor-suppressive metabolite 2-oxoglutarate and its potential in reducing thyroid cancer cell viability. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding how therapeutics reprogram metabolic processes and cancer cell behavior.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Qian Fang, Yong Zhou, Shangjun Ma, Chao Zhang, Ye Wang, Haibin Huangfu
Summary: In this paper, an active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method with an improved extended state observer (ESO) is proposed to design a cascade controller of Electromechanical actuators (EMA) based on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The ADRC method shortens response time by 25% on average and reduces overshoot by 60% on average compared to the PID method. It has good static and dynamic performance, making it a useful tool in engineering practice.
Article
Biology
Abbas Raza, Sean A. Diehl, Dimitry N. Krementsov, Laure K. Case, Dawei Li, Jason Kost, Robyn L. Ball, Elissa J. Chesler, Vivek M. Philip, Rui Huang, Yan Chen, Runlin Ma, Anna L. Tyler, J. Matthew Mahoney, Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn, Cory Teuscher
Summary: Mice with resistance alleles to histamine sensitization can still be shocked by histamine, and a locus on chromosome 6 is associated with histamine sensitization. Histamine plays a crucial role in normal physiology, but dysregulated production or signaling through histamine receptors can cause pathology. By studying histamine sensitization in wild-derived inbred mice, a modifier locus called Bphse was identified on mouse chromosome 6, encoding multiple loci that control histamine sensitization. Several candidate genes, including Atg7, Plxnd1, Tmcc1, Mkrn2, Il17re, Pparg, Lhfpl4, Vgll4, Rho, and Syn2, were identified within this modifier locus.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qian Fang, Guojing Cai, Guizeng Chen, Xiang Xu, Shirong Cai, Hui Wu
Summary: This study aimed to construct a competing risk-based nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival for patients with retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma (RLMS). Significant predictors for CSS were identified, including tumor characteristics and surgery status. The nomogram showed solid prediction power and favorable clinical utility. Additionally, a risk stratification system was developed. This nomogram can assist in the clinical management of RLMS, outperforming the AJCC 8th staging system.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Paul-Martin Holterhus, Alexandra Kulle, Hauke Busch, Malte Spielmann
Summary: Critical genetic and hormonal switches are crucial in fetal sex development and determine gonadal sex as well as the differentiation of genital and somatic sex phenotype. Recent data show that these switches can have variable effects and lead to a broad spectrum of differences in biological sex development and diversity in genital and somatic sex phenotypes. SRY and testosterone are important upstream switches for gonadal and phenotypic sex determination, while AMH plays a key role in the inhibition of female genital development. Advances in technology, such as single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, will provide further insights into these molecular switches.
MEDIZINISCHE GENETIK
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mirja Thomsen, Axel Kuenstner, Inken Wohlers, Michael Olbrich, Tim Lenfers, Takafumi Osumi, Yotaro Shimazaki, Koji Nishifuji, Saleh M. Ibrahim, Adrian Watson, Hauke Busch, Misa Hirose
Summary: Dysbiosis of both the skin and the gut was observed in cAD in Shiba Inu dogs. Our findings provide a basis for the potential treatment of cAD by manipulating the gut microbiota as well as the skin microbiota.