Review
Anesthesiology
Matteo Di Nardo, Jussi Tikkanen, Shahid Husain, Lianne G. Singer, Marcelo Cypel, Niall D. Ferguson, Shaf Keshavjee, Lorenzo Del Sorbo
Summary: The number of lung transplantations is increasing worldwide, presenting challenges to healthcare teams. The outcome of lung transplantation recipients is influenced by various factors, and understanding these factors is crucial for effective postoperative management. Due to the lack of evidence-based guidelines, this review aims to provide updated information on the postoperative management of lung transplantation recipients in the intensive care unit. The six main areas covered include mechanical ventilation, fluid and hemodynamic management, immunosuppressive therapies, prevention and management of neurologic complications, antimicrobial therapy, and nutritional support and abdominal complications. Integrated care from a multidisciplinary team is essential for optimizing the postoperative management of lung transplant recipients in the ICU.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Julien Vaidie, Edwige Peju, Louise-Marie Jandeaux, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Jean-Claude Lacherade, Antoine Guillon, Xavier Wittebole, Pierre Asfar, Bruno Evrard, Thomas Daix, Philippe Vignon, Bruno Francois
Summary: The PACIFIC study aimed to assess the impact of immunosuppressive therapy on the prognosis of patients admitted to the ICU for septic shock. The study found that long-term immunosuppressive therapy excluding chemotherapy was not associated with significantly higher or lower ICU and 3-month mortality in patients admitted to the ICU for septic shock.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chia-Jung Tsai, Yu-Chih Lin, Chung-Yu Chen, Chih-Hsing Hung, Yi-Ching Lin
Summary: This retrospective study analyzed the impact of biologics and non-biologics treatment on the development of hematologic malignancies in patients with AS, psoriasis, and PsA. The results showed that biologics significantly increased the risk of hematologic malignancies, specifically non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Different treatment patterns, types of biologics, cumulative defined daily doses, comorbidities, and comedications did not have a significant effect on hematologic malignancy development.
Review
Immunology
Mauro Vigano, Marta Beretta, Marta Lepore, Raffaele Abete, Simone Vasilij Benatti, Maria Vittoria Grassini, Stefania Camagni, Greta Chiodini, Simone Vargiu, Claudia Vittori, Marco Iachini, Amedeo Terzi, Flavia Neri, Domenico Pinelli, Valeria Casotti, Fabiano Di Marco, Piero Ruggenenti, Marco Rizzi, Michele Colledan, Stefano Fagiuoli
Summary: Prevention of infections is crucial in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients. Vaccination is an important measure, however, the vaccine response is reduced, especially in the early post-transplant period or after rejection treatment.
Article
Immunology
Liyang Zhang, Filemon C. Tan, Lynne Strasfeld, Morgan Hakki, Natalia V. Kirienko
Summary: An epidemiological study found that breakthrough P. aeruginosa bloodstream infections (BSIs) during FQ prophylaxis in HCT/HM patients are mainly caused by clonally-related FQ/meropenem non-susceptible ST111 strains. These strains have a colonization advantage over other clinical strains and outcompete them in in vitro co-culture assays.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Tiziana Vaisitti, Daniela Peritore, Paola Magistroni, Andrea Ricci, Letizia Lombardini, Enrico Gringeri, Silvia Catalano, Marco Spada, Marco Sciveres, Angelo Di Giorgio, Giuseppe Limongelli, Marisa Varrenti, Gino Gerosa, Amedeo Terzi, Carlo Pace Napoleone, Antonio Amodeo, Luca Ragni, Luca dello Strologo, Elisa Benetti, Iris Fontana, Sara Testa, Licia Peruzzi, Adele Mitrotti, Serena Abbate, Giorgia Comai, Eliana Gotti, Marco Schiavon, Massimo Boffini, Daniele De Angelis, Alessandro Bertani, Domenico Pinelli, Massimo Torre, Camilla Poggi, Silvia Deaglio, Massimo Cardillo, Antonio Amoroso
Summary: This study analyzed the main genetic causes of rare and/or monogenic diseases leading to organ failure and requiring transplantation in Italy. The results showed that rare diseases had a better survival rate in liver transplants compared to heart transplants, while no significant differences were observed for kidney and lung transplants between rare and non-rare diseases.
ORPHANET JOURNAL OF RARE DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Nirja Mehta, Tiffany Wang, Rachel J. Friedman-Moraco, Cynthia Carpentieri, Aneesh K. Mehta, Nadine Rouphael, Tanvi Dhere, Christian P. Larsen, Colleen S. Kraft, Michael H. Woodworth
Summary: This review discusses the potential risks of pathogen transmission through fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and reviews the reported adverse effects of FMT and current screening recommendations. There is a need for further study to develop guidelines for screening opportunistic infections transmitted through FMT.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
John Hogan, Ralf Duerr, Dacia Dimartino, Christian Marier, Sarah E. Hochman, Sapna Mehta, Guiqing Wang, Adriana Heguy
Summary: This article describes the first cases of independently acquired V792I RNA-dependent RNA polymerase mutation in renal transplant recipients after exposure to remdesivir. The findings underscore the need for enhanced efforts to identify concerning mutations and address their clinical implications.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Raffaella Greco, John A. Snowden, Nina Simone Knelange, Gloria Tridello, Carlotta Cacciatore, Alienor Xhaard, Fabio Ciceri, Matthew Collin, Christelle Ferra, Ann De Becker, Manuela Badoglio, Dina Averbuch, Tobias Alexander, Per Ljungman, Rafael De la Camara
Summary: This multicenter observational study reported the clinical data on COVID-19 in 11 patients affected by severe autoimmune diseases treated with HSCT. All patients had symptoms during the initial phase of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Four cases developed lower respiratory tract disease. Hospitalization was required in 6 cases, but none needed ICU admission or ventilation/supplemental oxygen. Different interventions were adopted and all patients survived and resolved the infection at the last follow-up.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Roni Bitterman, Deepali Kumar
Summary: Solid organ transplantation comes with an increased risk of respiratory viral infections, especially problematic for lung transplant recipients. While influenza has treatment options, other respiratory viruses present treatment challenges. Novel antivirals, immunologic treatments, and vaccines are hoped for in the coming years to address this evolving area of concern.
Review
Oncology
Maroun Bou Zerdan, Stephanie Niforatos, Sandy Nasr, Dayana Nasr, Mulham Ombada, Savio John, Dibyendu Dutta, Seah H. Lim
Summary: Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a therapeutic approach that involves transferring a normal intestinal microbial community from healthy donors to patients with various diseases, particularly for treating recurrent or refractory CDI. Patients with hematologic and oncologic diseases are particularly susceptible to complications related to altered intestinal microbial composition, making them an ideal population for exploring FMT as a therapeutic approach. However, there are inherent obstacles in applying FMT to these patients.
Review
Immunology
Liuting Zeng, Kailin Yang, Tianqing Zhang, Xiaofei Zhu, Wensa Hao, Hua Chen, Jinwen Ge
Summary: Autoimmunity is a complex mechanism involving various cell types, and its understanding has been limited. However, the emergence of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology has provided a novel approach to study autoimmune diseases. By analyzing cells independently, this technology can provide unbiased results and more mRNA information for identifying cell sub-populations, ultimately leading to a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in autoimmune diseases and the development of targeted drugs.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Li-qin Ke, Ming-jie Shi, Fei-zhou Zhang, Hu-jun Wu, Lei Wu, Lan-fang Tang
Summary: Flexible bronchoscopy plays a crucial role in diagnosing and differentiating neonatal respiratory disorders in neonatal intensive care units, with rare and mild complications.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kyoung Hwa Lee, Seul Gi Yoo, Yonggeun Cho, Da Eun Kwon, Yeonju La, Sang Hoon Han, Myoung Soo Kim, Jin Sub Choi, Soon Il Kim, Yu Seun Kim, Yoo Hong Min, June-Won Cheong, Jin Seok Kim, Yong Goo Song
Summary: The study emphasizes the importance of CA-RVs diagnosis in transplant recipients even in the long-term posttransplant period, as well as in non-transplant critically ill patients in the ICU with mechanical ventilation. In both groups, mechanical ventilation was identified as an independent risk factor associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Molly Hayes, Craig L. K. Boge, Anna Sharova, Daniel Vader, Marina Mitrou, Despoina M. Galetaki, Yun Li, Kevin J. Downes
Summary: Toxicities are common with VGCV prophylaxis in pediatric SOT recipients, including kidney injury and neutropenia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Martin Hoenigl, Megan Lo, Christopher J. Coyne, Gabriel A. Wagner, Jill Blumenthal, Kushagra Mathur, Lucy E. Horton, Thomas C. S. Martin, Gary M. Vilke, Susan J. Little
Summary: The objective of this study was to determine the hospital costs and revenue of universal opt-out HIV emergency department (ED) screening. The study found that implementing universal screening resulted in a net profit for the hospital.
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rosanne Sprute, Eva Van Braeckel, Holger Flick, Martin Hoenigl, Chris Kosmidis, Ritesh Agarwal, Jesper R. Davidsen, Christian B. Laursen, Oliver A. Cornely, Danila Seidel
Summary: This study aims to develop a scoring tool to quantify guideline adherence in the clinical management of CPA. A total of 27 recommendations were collected and weighed based on their strength and level of evidence. The EQUAL CPA Score is designed to be a comprehensive tool for measuring guideline adherence.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Jeffrey D. Jenks, Chioma Inyang Aneke, Mohanad M. Al-Obaidi, Matthias Egger, Lorena Garcia, Tommi Gaines, Martin Hoenigl, George R. Thompson III
Summary: Racial and ethnic identities may affect the risk of acquiring infectious diseases, including fungal infections, through genetic and immunologic differences as well as underlying social determinants of health. Environmental exposures and healthcare disparities may contribute to racial and ethnic groups being more prone to certain diseases that increase the risk of fungal infections. While the reasons for the higher risk among black and African American individuals for Candida infections and cryptococcosis are unclear, social determinants of health and socioeconomic disparities may play a role. Overall, social determinants of health and immunologic mechanisms likely contribute to the risk factors for fungal infections.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Wing-Yan Au, Martin Hoenigl, Louis Yi Ann Chai, Hamid Badali, Ariful Basher, Ronja A. Brockhoff, Sharon C. -A. Chen, Ariya Chindamporn, Anuradha Chowdhary, Christopher H. Heath, Kausar Jabeen, Jaehyeon Lee, Madonna Matar, Saad Jaber Taj-Aldeen, Ban Hock Tan, Kenji Uno, Retno Wahyuningsih, Liping Zhu, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Oliver A. Cornely
Summary: Invasive fungal infections pose a significant threat to patients in Asia/Pacific with malignancies, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, undiagnosed/untreated HIV/AIDS. Adequate access to diagnostic tools and antifungals is essential for IFI management and patient survival.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jannik Stemler, Sibylle C. Mellinghoff, Yascha Khodamoradi, Rosanne Sprute, Annika Y. Classen, Sonja E. Zapke, Martin Hoenigl, Robert Krause, Martin Schmidt-Hieber, Werner J. Heinz, Michael Klein, Philipp Koehler, Blasius Liss, Michael Koldehoff, Christoph Buhl, Olaf Penack, Georg Maschmeyer, Enrico Schalk, Cornelia Lass-Floerl, Meinolf Karthaus, Markus Ruhnke, Oliver A. Cornely, Daniel Teschner
Summary: Patients with haematological malignancies are at high risk of invasive fungal disease. The German Society of Haematology and Medical Oncology has updated their antifungal prophylaxis recommendations, recommending continued antifungal prophylaxis for patients with long-lasting neutropenia and posaconazole as the drug of choice. There is insufficient data to give general recommendations for antifungal prophylaxis in patients receiving novel treatments for HM, such as CAR-T-cell therapy or novel targeted therapies for AML.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Martin Hoenigl, Matthias Egger, Jessica Price, Robert Krause, Juergen Prattes, P. Lewis White
Summary: Timely diagnosis remains an unmet need in non-neutropenic patients at risk for aspergillosis, including those with COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Currently available mycological tests show limited sensitivity when testing blood specimens. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to detect microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) in plasma might overcome some of the limitations of conventional diagnostics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Martin Hoenigl, Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Matthias Egger, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Tihana Bicanic, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Nikolai Klimko, Aleksandra Barac, Volkan Ozenci, Eelco F. J. Meijer, Nina Khanna, Matteo Bassetti, Riina Rautemaa-Richardson, Katrien Lagrou, Kai -Manuel Adam, Emin Halis Akalin, Murat Akova, Valentina Arsic Arsenijevic, Avinash Aujayeb, Ola Blennow, Stephane Bretagne, Francois Danion, Blandine Denis, Nick Alexander de Jonge, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Lubos Drgona, Nurettin Erben, Andrea Gori, Julio Garcia Rodriguez, Carolina Garcia-Vidal, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Anna L. Goodman, Petr Hamal, Helena Hammarstrom, Cristina Toscano, Fanny Lanternier, Cornelia Lass-Floerl, Deborah E. A. Lockhart, Thomas Longval, Laura Loughlin, Tadeja Matos, Malgorzata Mikulska, Manjusha Narayanan, Sonia Martin-Perez, Juergen Prattes, Benedict Rogers, Laman Rahimli, Maite Ruiz, Emmanuel Roilides, Michael Samarkos, Ulrike Scharmann, Uluhan Sili, Oguz Resat Sipahi, Alena Sivakova, Joerg Steinmann, Janina Trauth, Ozge Turhan, Jens Van Praet, Antonio Vena, P. Lewis White, Birgit Willinger, Anna Maria Tortorano, Maiken C. Arendrup, Philipp Koehler, Oliver A. Cornely
Summary: The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) collected data on candidaemia patients in Europe to assess the association between adherence to guideline recommendations and outcomes. The study found that following the recommendations can improve the survival rate of patients.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Matthias Egger, Angela Horvath, Florian Prueller, Peter Fickert, Malcolm Finkelman, Lisa Kriegl, Henning Gronbaek, Holger Jon Moller, Juergen Prattes, Robert Krause, Martin Hoenigl, Vanessa Stadlbauer
Summary: Liver cirrhosis, a systemic disease causing 1 million deaths per year, is associated with fungal translocation and its effects on gut integrity, inflammation, and liver disease severity/outcome. This study found a correlation between fungal translocation and markers of gut inflammation, as well as a significant difference in mortality between patients with positive versus negative fungal translocation. Further research is needed to understand the complex interactions and potential therapeutic interventions.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Mycology
Johannes Boyer, Simon Feys, Isabella Zsifkovits, Martin Hoenigl, Matthias Egger
Summary: Despite improvements in treatment and diagnostics, invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains a devastating fungal disease with increasing cases around the world. The emergence of azole-resistant strains poses a new challenge for therapy. New drugs like olorofim, fosmanogepix, ibrexafungerp, opelconazole, and rezafungin are in late-stage development and offer potential new treatment options. Immunotherapy is also being explored as an additional therapy for IA. This review discusses current treatment strategies, potential new pharmaceutical options, and ongoing research in immunotherapy.
Article
Microbiology
Matthew E. Mead, Patricia Alves L. de Castro, Jacob L. Steenwyk, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Martin Hoenigl, Juergen Prattes, Riina Rautemaa-Richardson, Helene B. Guegan, Caroline B. Moore, Cornelia Lass-Floerl, Florian Reizine, Clara Valero, Norman J. Van Rhijn, Michael J. Bromley, Antonis H. Rokas, Gustavo H. Goldman, Sara Gago, ECMM CAPA Study Grp
Summary: Secondary infections caused by Aspergillus fumigatus are a major cause of death in severe COVID-19 patients. Genomic analysis of 11 A. fumigatus isolates from CAPA patients in Europe revealed that CAPA isolates do not cluster based on geographic origin. Phenotypically, CAPA isolates are more similar to the A1160 reference strain, but differ from the Af293 strain in infection-relevant stresses. Further research is needed to understand the molecular epidemiology of CAPA and identify genetic factors contributing to copathogenicity and antifungal resistance in COVID-19 patients.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Stefan Hatzl, Lisa Kriegl, Florian Posch, Gernot Schilcher, Philipp Eller, Alexander Reisinger, Yvonne Grinschgl, Tina Muhr, Andreas Meinitzer, Martin Hoenigl, Robert Krause
Summary: Increasing the first loading dose of isavuconazole in critically ill patients with ECMO can result in higher plasma concentrations during the initial 24 hours of treatment. However, regardless of the loading dose regimen, all patient groups reached similar plasma concentrations in the subsequent treatment period.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Mycology
Martin Hoenigl, Jeffrey D. Jenks, Matthias Egger, Marcio Nucci, George R. Thompson II
Summary: In this study, we reviewed published cases of invasive fusariosis of the central nervous system (CNS) and found a high mortality rate among patients, with the majority being severely immunocompromised. Most patients received monotherapy with amphotericin B, but some were treated with voriconazole monotherapy or combination therapy with amphotericin B plus voriconazole.
Review
Dermatology
Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Ilana Reinhold, Juergen Prattes, Nico Bekaan, Philipp Koehler, Oliver A. Cornely
Summary: The growing threat of antimicrobial resistance is a global concern, particularly in the treatment of candidemia. The current recommendation of a minimum treatment duration of 14 days for candidemia is being questioned, and further research and clinical trials are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines.
Review
Dermatology
Zia Hashim, Alok Nath, Ajmal Khan, Mansi Gupta, Anup Kumar, Riksoam Chatterjee, Radha Krishan Dhiman, Martin Hoenigl, Naresh Kumar Tripathy
Summary: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is a highly lethal fungal infection, and glucocorticoids (GC) may be the main cause. This study found that systemic GC treatment increases the risk of CAPA development, especially with high-dose GC or dexamethasone treatment.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Jon Salmanton-Garcia, Martin Hoenigl, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Esther Segal, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Sevtap Arikan Akdagli, Katrien Lagrou, Volkan oezenci, Antonio Vena, Oliver A. Cornely
Summary: The diagnostic capacity for invasive fungal infections in Europe is generally good, but there are limitations in access to certain diagnostic tools and antifungal drugs. These limitations need to be addressed to ensure optimal diagnosis and treatment for all patients.