Article
Immunology
Nitipong Permpalung, Afrah S. Sait, Katrina Bazemore, Robin K. Avery, Joby Mathew, Pali D. Shah
Summary: The study found that lung transplant recipients infected with HMPVi and PIVi had similar baseline characteristics, infection parameters, treatment allocation, and allograft function outcomes. Additionally, one-third of the patients developed CLAD stage progression within 1 year post-infection.
Article
Virology
Rose J. Miller, Jarrod J. Mousa
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) remain a global burden, but there have been significant advancements in the development of vaccines and therapies against these viruses in the past decade. The identification of immunodominant epitopes on the major surface glycoproteins of RSV and hMPV has expanded our understanding of antibody-mediated immune responses, leading to new approaches for vaccine and therapeutic development. This review explores the structural characteristics of antigenic sites on these proteins, their impact on the immune response, and current progress in vaccine and therapeutic development.
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cyril Le Nouen, Christine E. Nelson, Xueqiao Liu, Hong-Su Park, Yumiko Matsuoka, Cindy Luongo, Celia Santos, Lijuan Yang, Richard Herbert, Ashley Castens, Ian N. Moore, Temeri Wilder-Kofie, Rashida Moore, April Walker, Peng Zhang, Paolo Lusso, Reed F. Johnson, Nicole L. Garza, Laura E. Via, Shirin Munir, Daniel L. Barber, Ursula J. Buchholz
Summary: This study generated a pediatric SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate using a live-attenuated parainfluenza virus vector, and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus macaques. The vaccine induced strong mucosal and systemic immune responses, including neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. Immunized macaques showed undetectable viral replication after challenge. The vaccine will be clinically evaluated as an intranasal vaccine for pediatric use.
Review
Immunology
Auke de Zwart, Annelies Riezebos-Brilman, Gerton Lunter, Judith Vonk, Allan R. Glanville, Jens Gottlieb, Nitipong Permpalung, Huib Kerstjens, Jan-Willem Alffenaar, Erik Verschuuren
Summary: In lung transplant recipients, RSV/PIV/hMPV infections are associated with a high incidence of chronic allograft dysfunction. However, current treatment options are limited. There is an urgent need for high-quality studies to provide better treatment options for these infections.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ariel Isaacs, Zheyi Li, Stacey T. M. Cheung, Danushka K. Wijesundara, Christopher L. D. McMillan, Naphak Modhiran, Paul R. Young, Charani Ranasinghe, Daniel Watterson, Keith J. Chappell
Summary: This study tested several adjuvants for their effectiveness in inducing humoral responses to influenza and RSV subunit vaccines in mice. While all adjuvants were able to induce potent neutralizing antibodies, none significantly increased the frequency of CD4(+) and CD8(+) IFN-γ(+) cells compared to unadjuvanted antigen. The varying responses to antigens with each adjuvant suggest that optimal adjuvant selection may depend on the specific antigen and desired immune response.
Article
Immunology
C. Garrett Rappazzo, Ching-Lin Hsieh, Scott A. Rush, Emma S. Esterman, Teresa Delgado, James C. Geoghegan, Anna Z. Wec, Mrunal Sakharkar, Vicente Mas, Jason S. McLellan, Laura M. Walker
Summary: In this study, the B cell responses to hMPV were investigated using high-throughput single-cell technology, and rare and highly potent broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting specific epitopes were identified. Additionally, monotherapy with neutralizing antibodies targeting different antigenic sites showed effective protection against lower respiratory tract infection. This study provides promising monoclonal antibody candidates for passive immunoprophylaxis and informs the design of hMPV vaccines.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Antonio Piralla, Zhengrong Chen, Hassan Zaraket
Summary: RSV is a major cause of acute respiratory infections worldwide, especially in children and older adults. This collection aims to gather original research papers that advance our understanding of the epidemiology, evolution, diagnosis, clinical management, and prevention of RSV infections.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chelsea L. Hansen, Sandra S. Chaves, Clarisse Demont, Cecile Viboud
Summary: This study evaluated excess mortality from RSV and influenza in the US from 1999 to 2018, finding that RSV poses a greater risk to infants while influenza is associated with substantial mortality among elderly individuals.
Article
Immunology
Piyarat Suntarattiwong, Joshua A. Mott, Sarita Mohanty, Chalinthorn Sinthuwattanawibool, Nattinee Srisantiroj, Orada Patamasingh Na Ayudhaya, Chonticha Klungthong, Stefan Fernandez, Lindsay Kim, Danielle Hunt, Danielle Hombroek, Tana Brummer, Tawee Chotpitayasunondh, Fatimah S. Dawood, Wanitchaya Kittikraisak
Summary: This study assessed participant-collected midturbinate nasal swabs compared to staff-collected swabs for respiratory virus detection in pregnant women. Results showed that participant-collected swabs had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting influenza, RSV, and hMPV.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alexandria. B. B. Boehm, Marlene. K. K. Wolfe, Bradley. L. L. White, Bridgette Hughes, Dorothea Duong, Amanda Bidwell
Summary: Wastewater monitoring can provide valuable insights into the occurrence of respiratory diseases in communities contributing to the wastewater system. A study conducted in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area of California analyzed wastewater samples for RNA of influenza A (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and SARS-CoV-2. The study identified a simultaneous peak in concentrations of IAV, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, creating a "tripledemic" situation, and found that HMPV was also widely circulating. Wastewater data can be used to understand disease epidemiology, inform hospital staffing and clinical decision-making, and identify localized occurrence patterns.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Benjamin Davido, Karim Jaffal, Elyanne Gault, Stephane Bourlet, Sebastien Beaune
Summary: An 81-year-old man with symptoms of fever and dyspnea suspected to be caused by COVID-19 was found to have triple coinfection of respiratory syncytial virus, human coronavirus OC43, and rhinovirus. Nebulization of terbutaline was administered for 72 hours after ruling out acute heart failure with pulmonary edema. This case highlights the potential dangers of lifting barrier measures during the fall-winter season and the challenges in the post-COVID-19 era.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Alessandro Messina, Chiara Germano, Vincenzo Avellis, Elena Tavella, Valentina Dodaro, Alessandro Massaro, Raffaele Vitale, Bianca Masturzo, Paolo Manzoni
Summary: RSV is the main cause of lower respiratory tract infections in newborns. Factors such as prematurity, male gender, and certain medical conditions increase the severity of RSV infection. RSV infection leads to long-term negative respiratory outcomes and a burden on healthcare resources. Prevention is the most effective strategy, with hygiene, breastfeeding, and passive immunization being the main methods. Future prevention strategies may include more potent antibodies, maternal vaccination, and active immunization in children.
EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tae Yeul Kim, Go Eun Bae, Ji-Youn Kim, Minhee Kang, Ja-Hyun Jang, Hee Jae Huh, Doo Ryeon Chung, Nam Yong Lee
Summary: This study comparatively evaluated the performance of the Kaira COVID-19/Flu/RSV Detection Kit and the PowerChek SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A&B, RSV Multiplex Real-time PCR Kit for detecting viruses in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The results showed that the Kaira assay performed comparably to the PowerChek assay in detecting SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B, and RSV.
Letter
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Somsri Wiwanitkit, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Summary: This correspondence discusses the awareness, risk perception, and causes of respiratory syncytial virus. It also points out important limitations and possible future research directions.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marina Antillon, Xiao Li, Lander Willem, Joke C. Bilcke, - C. RESCEU investigators, Mark Jit, Philippe Beutels
Summary: This study aimed to assess the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) on children under 5 years old. The findings showed that infants under 6 months old, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, are at higher risk of infection, hospitalization, and death. Therefore, the study suggests implementing multiple measures to reduce the burden on this population.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roni Bitterman, Fidi Koppel, Cristina Mussini, Yuval Geffen, Michal Chowers, Galia Rahav, Lior Nesher, Ronen Ben-Ami, Adi Turjeman, Maayan Huberman Samuel, Matthew P. Cheng, Todd C. Lee, Leonard Leibovici, Dafna Yahav, Mical Paul
Summary: The optimal treatment for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections is still undetermined. While previous studies suggested non-inferiority of beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations compared to carbapenems, the recent MERINO trial failed to demonstrate the non-inferiority of piperacillin-tazobactam to meropenem. Further investigation is warranted before changing clinical practice to prevent potential negative impacts on antimicrobial stewardship.
Article
Immunology
Tomer Hoffman, Alaa Atamna, Eugene Katchman, Efrat Orenbuch-Harroch, Lior Nesher, Roni Bitterman, Dafna Yahav, Amir Nutman
Summary: This study reviewed the current state, challenges, and needs of antimicrobial stewardship programs in adult solid organ transplantation centers in Israel. The study found significant variations in ASP practices between centers, with challenges including high rates of antimicrobial resistance, insufficient evidence to support practices, lack of dedicated ASP teams, and lack of outcome measurement. There is an urgent need for a national collaborative program to unify ASP implementation.
TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)